第十五期全国胃肠影像学及新进展学习班通知

上海交通大学附属第六人民医院和上海市卫生局将于2005年10月底在上海六院联合举办第十五期胃肠影像学检查与诊断学习班。学习班属国家级和上海市继续教育项目。学习班重点介绍：胃肠道造影原理、应用、现状及进展；胃肠道综合检查（包括钡检、螺旋CT、内镜、腔内超声、MRI等）、小肠造影材料和方法的改进（插管演示）、小肠出血的影像学检查线路、肠缺血性病变、咽一食管连接的影像学、吞咽动态造影、消化道肿瘤的介入治疗等。     

胃平滑肌肿瘤的X线气钡双对比造影与CT诊断

目的：探讨X线气钡双对比造影和CT检查对胃平滑肌肿瘤定位、定性的诊断价值。方法：对30例胃平滑肌肿瘤患者进行气钡双对比造影检查及CT强化检查并对其影像表现进行分析。结果：X线气钡双对比造影检查对腔内型肿瘤敏感，CT检查对非腔内型肿瘤诊断有优势，两种方法联合应用对各种胃平滑肌肿瘤定位诊断正确率达100％，定性准确率达84％。结论：X线气钡双对比造影和CT强化检查联合应用是诊断胃平滑肌肿瘤的有效影像检查方法。     

第16期全国胃肠道造影及新进展学习班通知

上海交通大学附属第六人民医院和上海市卫生局将于2007年10月中、下旬在上海交通大学附属第六人民医院联合举办第16期胃肠造影学习班。学习班属国家级和上海市继续教育项目。重点介绍：胃肠道造影原理、应用、现状及进展；胃肠道综合检查（包括钡剂检查、螺旋CT、内镜、腔内超声、MRI等）、小肠造影材料和方法的改进（插管演示）、小肠出血的影像检查线路、肠缺血性病变、咽-食管连接的影像学、吞咽障碍影像学、消化道肿瘤的介入治疗等。欲参加者请于近期来函或来电报名，届时将向报名者寄发入学通知。     

第二十一期胃肠道传统造影及消化系影像新进展学习班通知

上海交通大学附属第六人民医院和上海市卫生局将于2011年11月上、中旬在上海六院联合举办第Z-十一期胃肠道传统造影及消化系影像新进展学习班。学习班属国家级继续教育项目（项目编号：2011—09一Ol一122）。学分10分,学习班传承我国著名胃肠放射学家尚克中教授,重点介绍：胃肠道造影原理、应用、现状及进展;胃肠道综合检查（包括钡检、螺旋CT、内镜、腔内超声、MRI等）、腹膜和腹膜腔病变、小肠造影（演示）、小肠出血的影像学检查线路、肠缺血性病变、食管和咽一食管连接的影像学、吞咽困难影像学、消化道肿瘤的介入治疗等。学费：900元,食宿统一安排,费用自理。     

第十五期全国胃肠道造影及新进展学习班通知

上海交通大学附属第六人民医院和上海市卫生局将于2005年10月底在上海市第六人民医院联合举办第十五期胃肠造影学习班。学习班属国家级继续教育项目。学习班授课重点为：胃肠道造影原理、应用、现状及进展；胃肠道综合检查(钡餐检查、螺旋CT、内镜、腔内超声、MRI等)、小肠造影材料和方法的改进(插管演示)、小肠出血的影像学检查线路、肠缺血性病变、咽．食管连接的影像学、吞咽动态造影、消化道肿瘤的介入治疗等。     

多层螺旋CT在胃肿瘤诊断中的应用研究

目的 评价多层螺旋CT（MSCT）及其三维后处理技术在胃肿瘤诊断中的应用价值及影响因素。资料与方法 对23例经上胃肠道钡餐造影（GI）和胃镜检查诊断为胃肿瘤的患者行多层螺旋CT容积扫描，分别以多平面重建技术（MPR），3DCT技术（包括SSD和Ray Sum)和CT仿真胃镜技术（CTVG）进行后处理，分别评价所有重建影像显示胃肿瘤的能力以及影响因素，同时与上胃肠道造影及胃镜所见比较。结果 3DCT和CTVG诊断23例胃肿瘤的敏感性和准确性分别为95.5%和85.7%。以秩和检验比较，三维重建影像对胃肿瘤的整体显示效果接近GI和胃镜，但CTVG结合MPR影像对于评价粘膜下肿瘤的准确性则明显优于GI和胃镜。结论 综合运用MSCT及其多种后处理技术，在对胃肿瘤的检出，定位，分期等方面可发挥较大作用，是一种新的且具潜力的胃肿瘤检查方法，可作为传统检查方法的有益补充，在技术方面尚待进一步发展和完善。     

胰岛素瘤的影像学评价(附28例报告)

目的：探讨多种影像学方法在胰岛素瘤术前定位诊断中的价值。资料与方法：28例经手术病理证实的胰岛素瘤患者于术前做B超和DSA检查，22例行胰腺CT扫描，10例行MRI检查。结果：4种影像学方法对胰岛素瘤术前定位诊断准确率分别为：DSA 82％（23／28），超声57％（16／28），CT 41％（9／22），MRI90％（9／10）。DSA与超声。MRI相结合使本组术前定位诊断准确率达93％（26／28）。结论：MRI和DSA是胰岛素瘤术前定位诊断准确率高而有效的方法。对临床有Whipple三联征患者，应首先选用超声和MRI或螺旋CT检查，特别是MRI或螺旋CT薄层快速动态增强扫描。当上述无创检查方法仍不能明确诊断时，可进一步行胰血管造影，多种影像技术联合应用可以提高本病的诊断准确率。     

第十七期全国胃肠道造影及新进展学习班通知

上海交通大学附属第六人民医院和上海市卫生局将于2007年10月中下旬在上海六院联合举办第十七期胃肠造影学习班。学习班属国家级继续医学教育项目。学习班重点介绍：胃肠道造影原理、应用、现状及进展；胃肠道综合检查（包括钡检、螺旋CT、内镜、腔内超声、MRI等）、小肠造影材料和方法的改进（插管演示）、小肠出血的影像学检查线路、肠缺血性病变、[第一段]     

第十七期全国胃肠道造影及新进展学习班通知

上海交通大学附属第六人民医院和上海市卫生局将于2007年10月中下旬在上海六院联合举办第十七期胃肠造影学习班。学习班属国家级继续医学教育项目。学习班重点介绍:胃肠道造影原理、应用、现状及进展;胃肠道综合检查(包括钡检、螺旋CT、内镜、腔内超声、MRI等)、小肠造影材料和     

第十九期全国胃肠道造影及新进展学习班通知

上海交通大学附属第六人民医院和上海市卫生局将于2009年11月上、中旬在上海第六人民医院联合举办第十九期胃肠造影学习班。学习班属国家级和上海市继续教育项目（代码2009—09-01—073）。学习班重点介绍：胃肠道造影原理、应用、现状及进展；胃肠道综合检查（包括钡检、螺旋CT、内镜、腔内超声、MRI等）、胃肠道钡剂的精细检查、     

Cystic Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Multimodality Imaging with Pathologic Correlations

The cystic lesions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract demonstrate the various pathologic findings. Some lesions may present a diagnostic challenge because of non-specific imaging features; however, other lesions are easily diagnosed using characteristic radiologic features and anatomic locations. Cystic masses from the GI tract can be divided into several categories: congenital lesions, neoplastic lesions (cystic neoplasms, cystic degeneration of solid neoplasms), and other miscellaneous lesions. In this pictorial review, we describe the pathologic findings of various cystic lesions of the GI tract as well as the radiologic features of GI cystic lesions from several imaging modalities including a barium study, transabdominal ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.     

Importance of CT and MRI in the follow-up of patients with rectal cancer

INDICATION: Presentation and evaluation of diagnostic procedures for the follow-up in patients with suspected local recurrence of rectal cancer. METHODS: Follow-up usually is performed using endoscopy and endosonography. Imaging techniques applied are also contrast enema as well as helical CT,MR imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). RESULTS: The results demonstrate the difficulty of all available modalities to differentiate between early tumor recurrences from post-therapeutic alterations.Especially the differentiation of scar tissue and local tumor recurrence, the detection of lymph node as well as pulmonary or hepatic metastasis requires a large diagnostic effort with employment of various imaging modalities.Values determined for sensitivity and specificity for CT are 84% and 91% with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 78%.For MRI and PET the sensitivity are 94% and 98%,and the specificity 92% and 90% with a PPV of 93% for the PET. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the increasing importance of CT and MRI in the follow-up of patients with rectal cancer and enable an accurate and early diagnosis through employment of new examination strategies and sequence protocols.PET remains an add-on examination in uncertain local lesions.     

Rationale diagnostic approach to biliary tract imaging

Summary Since the introduction of MR cholangiography (MRC) diagnostic imaging of the biliary tract has been significantly improved. While percutaneous ultrasonography is still the primary examination, computed tomography (CT), conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as the direct imaging modalities of the biliary tract – iv cholangiography, endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiography (ERC), and percutaneous-transhepatic-cholangiography (PTC) are in use. This article discusses the clinical value of the different diagnostic techniques for the various biliary pathologies with special attention to recent developments in MRC techniques. An algorithm is presented offering a rational approach to biliary disorders. With further technical improvement shifts from ERC(P) to MRC(P) for biliary imaging could be envisioned, ERCP further concentrating on its role as a minimal invasive treatment option.      

消化道磁共振检查技术与诊断

随着MR技术的快速发展,胃肠道MR检查成为现实。本文将讨论最佳MR胃肠成像所需诊断技术要求及与已有的X线检查方法相比MR所处的位置。当前这一新的检查方法在食道、小肠、结肠中都有报道。这些发展显示胃肠道MR检查可能将由科学研究向常规的临床应用转变。     

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the female lower urinary tract.

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have become invaluable imaging modalities in the diagnosis of diseases involving the lower urinary tract. Both CT and MR imaging are able to accurately stage bladder carcinoma, with MR imaging able to distinguish between superficial and deep muscle invasion of tumor. CT and MR are also the studies of choice for evaluating retroperitoneal fibrosis, which often affects the urinary tract; MR imaging is often able to detect the presence of active inflammation and occasionally rule out a malignant cause. MR imaging holds promise for the evaluation of stress urinary incontinence and urethral disease. Although diseases of the distal ureter continue to be most accurately diagnosed by intravenous urography and retrograde studies, CT and MR imaging may serve a helpful secondary role.     

Technical developments in bowel MRI

Magnetic resonance techniques for imaging the gastrointestinal (GI) tract continue to evolve as a result of rapid technical improvement. This review discusses the diagnostic and technical requirements for optimal bowel imaging and to what extent MR is capable of fulfilling these in comparison with established X-ray techniques. New approaches that have recently been demonstrated for the esophagus as well as small and large bowel are described. These developments indicate that MR imaging of the GI tract is likely to make the transition from research development to routine clinical application. Electronic Publication     

Impact of cartilage invasion on treatment and prognosis of laryngeal cancer

Invasion of laryngeal cartilage has long been considered as a contraindication to radiation treatment and to all types of conservation surgery. With the advent of axial imaging techniques clarification of the submucosal extent of disease became possible. However, controversies regarding diagnosis (preferred modality, accuracy of detection of cartilage invasion) and treatment of cartilage invasion (Is cartilage invasion really a contraindication for irradiation treatment?) arose. Based on currently accepted criteria, CT appears to be more specific in detecting neoplastic cartilage invasion than MRI, but tends to underestimate invasion and may therefore result in undertreatment. Magnetic resonance has a higher sensitivity than CT for detection of cartilage invasion. The superiority of MRI lies in its ability to detect intracartilaginous tumor spread. Unfortunately, MR findings suggesting neoplastic cartilage invasion may be false positive in a considerable number of instances. Two MRI-dependent parameters appear to be significant as a prognostic factor for success of radiation therapy: tumor volume and abnormal MR signal pattern in cartilage. Minimal abnormal MR signal patterns in cartilage in patients with small tumors (under 5 cc) does not appear to be a very ominous finding for tumor recurrence after radiation therapy. On the other hand, abnormal MR signal pattern in cartilage combined with large tumor volume (above 5 cc) appears to worsen the prognosis significantly. If voice conservation surgery is being considered, MR imaging is useful for assesing those structures (such as cartilages) whose involvement would contraindicate partial laryngectomy. Magnetic resonance imaging appears to be the optimal method of examination in cooperative patients. If MRI fails or if it is contraindicated, CT may still be recommended. The radiologist's experience with CT or MRI also determines the choice between the two modalities.     

Ultrasonography of gastrointestinal tract disorders: retrospective and prospective evaluation

In a retrospective analysis performed on 4167 routine abdominal sonographic (US) examinations (September 1989 to December 1991), 93 US reports strongly suggesting the presence of gastrointestinal (GI) tract disorders were found. Neoplastic GI tract diseases were indicated in 65.6 % of cases and non-neoplastic conditions in 34.4 %. The final diagnoses confirmed all the cases of non-neoplastic disease, while 3 patients sonographically suspected as having a neoplasm proved not to have any GI tract abnormality. In the period January 1992 to December 1992, 62 patients with a suspected GI tract abnormality were enrolled in a prospective double-masked US study after being submitted to conventional radiological studies only in 28 of 62 cases, after conventional studies and CT in 24 of 62 cases, and after CT only in 10 of 62 cases. Sonography furnished additional diagnostic information in 28 of 62 cases when the previous radiological examination did not include CT, but sonography misinterpreted 4 inflammatory disorders as tumours. Our study confirmed the important role of US alone or in association with other imaging modalities in the study of GI tract diseases. Correspondence to: S. Mazzeo     

进展期胃癌影像学研究进展

本文对进展期胃癌影像学研究的最新成果进行了归纳和分析,着重阐述胃癌各种检查方法的价值、具体操作、影像学表现、术前分期、后处理技术及限度。目前较为成熟的观点是双对比造影检查依然是胃癌检测首选方法,CT和MRI在胃癌的诊断和分期上具有巨大的潜力,但有其固有的局限性,多种检查方法的联合应用将进一步提高胃癌术前检查的准确性。     

Magnetic resonance and computed tomographic evaluation of congenital heart disease

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) provide noninvasive visualization of morphologic changes in pediatric and adult patients with congenital heart disease, as well as the functional changes caused by the underlying morphologic abnormalities. Clinical experience with MRI is richer than that with fast CT, but CT appears to provide accurate and high-quality imagery for diagnosis. The two modalities may be complementary. That is, intracardiac anatomy is so well depicted by MRI, and CT provides exquisite images of the great vessels. Furthermore, in adult patients, MR and CT are helpful in demonstrating and quantitating physiologic changes superimposed by acquired cardiovascular disease on the underlying congenital malformations. Using MRI, spin echo acquisitions provide the image data for evaluation of morphologic changes, and gradient reversal techniques add functional and flow data to complement morphologic changes. Contrast-enhanced electrocardiographic (ECG)-gated multidetector and electron beam CT examination provide morphologic information and may be used as a data set for off-line functional quantitation.