Peritoneal dialysis in an ageing population: a 10-year experience

Background  

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming increasingly prevalent and there are increasing numbers of older patients with advanced CKD. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a potential treatment. This study aims to compare PD outcomes in age-defined populations in the largest PD centre in the Republic of Ireland over 10 years.     

Self-reported screening of nephrologists for chronic kidney disease: a nationwide survey

Background  

The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing, with major health and economic implications. World Kidney Day was established to increase the general public's awareness of CKD. The purpose of this report was to document the self-awareness of CKD by nephrologists practicing in one country, Nigeria.     

Resistive index predicts renal prognosis in chronic kidney disease: results of a 4-year follow-up

Background  

While the clinical validity of Doppler ultrasonography in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still controversial, we have shown in a 2-year follow-up study that the resistive index (RI) could estimate renal prognosis in CKD. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether RI could predict long-term renal prognosis in CKD.     

Heart rate as a risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease: longitudinal analysis of a screened cohort

Background  

High heart rate and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are both risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The relationship between heart rate and the risk of developing CKD, however, has not been studied in a large screened cohort.     

Clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: a 5-year retrospective cohort study at a University Hospital in Japan

Background  

Latent chronic kidney disease (CKD) population appears to be a serious health problem in Japan. The purposes of the present study were to determine risk factors for CKD progression and to evaluate the rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).     

Effects of exercise training on physical impairment,arterial stiffness and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pilot study

Background  

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have impaired performance in physical tasks, lower health-related quality of life and high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Moderate intensity exercise has been shown to provide cardiovascular and metabolic benefits in healthy individuals and patients without CKD. Long-term exercise training is recommended as a vital component in the management of a number of chronic diseases. This randomized controlled pilot project examined the effects of exercise in predialysis CKD patients.     

Risk of macrovascular disease stratified by stage of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients: critical level of the estimated glomerular filtration rate and the significance of hyperuricemia

Background  

Although a high prevalence of macrovascular disease (MVD) has been reported in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD), few studies have reported its risk with respect to the underlying cause of kidney disease. This study investigated the prevalence of MVD in type 2 diabetic patients with CKD stratified by CKD stage, as defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), as well as the risk factors for MVD.     

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the general population in Romania: a study on 60,000 persons

Introduction  

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide, due to its epidemic proportions and to its association with high cardiovascular risk. Therefore, screening for CKD is an increasingly important concept, aiming for early detection and prevention of progression and complications of this disease.     

Importance and benefits of dietary sodium restriction in the management of chronic kidney disease patients: experience from a single Chinese center

Aim  

Several studies have suggested that sodium intake may affect blood pressure (BP), proteinuria, and intrarenal transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) production in patients and animal models with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Chinese population has a high prevalence of CKD and is well known for consuming salty foods. This study will investigate the role of dietary sodium intake on BP control among non-dialysis Chinese CKD patients.     

Comparison of the prevalence of calcidiol insufficiency in predialysis and osteoporotic populations

Aim  

Calcidiol insufficiency is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and osteoporotic patients. We assessed and compared calcidiol levels in these two groups from the same geographical area to differentiate environmental factors from characteristics related to CKD.     

A simple model for predicting incidence of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients

Background  

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals have concurrent risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but there are no prediction models to quantify the effect of multiple factors on the development of incident CKD.     

Gender effect on renal outcome in patients with urothelial carcinoma

Purpose  

Taiwan is a highly endemic area for urothelial carcinoma (UC) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We evaluate the gender effect on the relationship between renal outcome and clinical characteristics of CKD patients with UC.     

A simple height-independent equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate in children

Background  

The chronic kidney disease (CKD) classification system for children is similar to the CKD classification system for adults, using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) combined with fixed cut-off values of 60, 30, and 15 ml/min/1.73 m² for CKD stages III, IV, and V, respectively. To estimate GFR in children, eGFR-equations are used that require serum creatinine (Scr), but also height information, which is normally not available in clinical laboratory databases.     

Management of anemia in chronic kidney disease patients: baseline findings from Chronic Kidney Disease Japan Cohort Study

Background  

Anemia is a factor that affects the outcome of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, there are only a few reports on the management of anemia in Japanese patients with CKD who are not on dialysis.     

Dialysis modality choices among chronic kidney disease patients: identifying the gaps to support patients on home-based therapies

Background  

Home dialysis is a cost-effective renal replacement strategy, which provides improved quality of life compared to conventional in-center hemodialysis (CHD). To date, most studies support the use of multidisciplinary chronic kidney disease (CKD) clinics to facilitate timely initiation of dialysis. This is an observational cohort study examining 486 patients with CKD over the period of 2001–2007 to ascertain potential demographic differences among patients transitioned to in-center versus home dialysis.     

Risk factors for progression of chronic kidney disease: An investigation in prepubertal children

Aim

Previous studies on progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children have included older post-pubertal subjects. This study attempted to evaluate risk factors for progression of CKD in pre-pubertal children.

Methods

An observational study of children aged 2–10 years with an eGFR within the limits of >30 and <75 mL/min/1.73 m² was performed. Presenting clinical and biochemical risk factors, as well as diagnosis, were analysed for their association with progression to kidney failure, time to kidney failure and for the rate of decline of kidney function.

Results

One hundred and twenty-five children were studied of whom 42 (34%) had progressed to CKD stage 5 during the median period of follow up of 3.1 (IQR = 1.8–6) years. Hypertension, anaemia and acidosis at entry were associated with progression but they did not predict reaching the end point. Only glomerular disease, proteinuria and stage 4 kidney disease were independent predictors of kidney failure and the time to kidney failure. The rate of kidney function decline was greater in patients with glomerular than non-glomerular disease.

Conclusions

Common modifiable risk factors, when present at initial evaluation, were not independently associated with CKD progression to kidney failure in prepubertal children. Only non-modifiable risk factors and proteinuria predicted eventual stage 5 disease. The physiological changes of puberty may be the major precipitator of kidney failure during adolescence.     

A different interaction between parathyroid hormone,calcitriol and serum aluminum in chronic kidney disease; a pilot study

Background/Aims  

Aluminum (Al) is an ingredient of a variety of foodstuffs and medications as well as of domestic water supplies. The patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more susceptible to bone toxicity of Al. The aim of the study was to investigate the interactions between serum Al, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and active vitamin-D in CKD.     

Depressive symptoms and chronic kidney disease: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006

Background and objective  

Depression is common in individuals with end-stage renal disease. However, its relationship with earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is less well known. In this study, we examined the association between depressive symptoms and CKD.     

Association between IGF-1 and chronic kidney disease among US adults

Background  

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) has been associated with cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes in previous studies. However, the association between IGF-1 and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been previously studied. Therefore, we examined the association between serum IGF-1 and CKD in a representative sample of US adults.     

Vascular calcification score on plain radiographs of the feet as a predictor of peripheral arterial disease in patients with chronic kidney disease

Background  

The incidence of lower extremity amputation is increasing in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but symptoms of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in patients with CKD are uncommon. The aim of the current study was to assess the value of the vascular calcification (VC) score on plain radiographs of the feet for the prediction of PAD in patients with CKD.