超滤与改良超滤在婴幼儿体外循环手术的应用

目的探讨超滤与改良超滤法对婴幼儿心内直视手术的影响.方法1999年1月至2004年1月行婴幼儿心内直视手术60例,分为两组,治疗组采用超滤和改良超滤,对两组患者体外循环时间、呼吸机使用时间、术后出血及输血等进行了比较.结果术后呼吸机辅助时间、术后出血两组差异有统计学意义(t=2.66,3.49,P＜0.05,0.01).结论超滤与改良超滤在体外循环中可快速有效的脱水,减少体外循环后的出血,有利于患者的术后恢复和呼吸机的脱离.     

超滤在瓣膜置换术患者体外循环中的应用

目的探讨超滤在瓣膜置换术患者体外循环中应用的效果。方法对113例瓣膜置换术患者在术中应用常规超滤,超滤在心内操作基本结束且机体开始复温时进行。结果超滤后血细胞比容、血小板计数、血浆蛋白和纤维蛋白原浓度比超滤前显著提高（P<0.01）,超滤后尿素氮和肌酐浓度比超滤前稍有降低,无统计学意义。结论瓣膜置换术患者体外循环中应用超滤,可以减轻患者术后组织水肿,有利于术后的恢复。     

改良超滤对成人瓣膜置换术早期预后的影响

目的 :了解改良超滤对成人瓣膜置换术早期预后的影响。方法 :10 3例成人瓣膜替换术患者 ,随机分为常规超滤组 (CUF组 ,n =5 5 )和改良超滤组 (MUF组 ,n =4 8)。分别于术中应用常规和改良超滤技术 ,对 2组术后早期的临床资料进行比较分析。结果 :全部病例中心功能Ⅳ级的患者相比 ,MUF组术后即刻心指数 (CI) ,左室每搏功指数 (LVSWI)和每搏指数 (SVI)均明显高于CUF组术后即刻CI(P <0 0 1) ,LVSWI和SVI(P <0 0 5 ) ,其中CI在术后 6h仍显著高于CUF组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,2组间SVR ,PVR ,RVSWI无明显差异。MUF组术后红细胞压积 (HCT)和氧合指数 (OI)均显著高于CUF组 (P <0 0 1) ,术后2 4h尿量明显少于CUF组 (P <0 0 1)。与CUF组相比 ,MUF组的呼吸机辅助通气时间和ICU监护时间均明显缩短 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :与常规超滤法相比 ,改良超滤可以在术后迅速浓缩血液 ,减轻机体水肿 ,保护心肺功能 ,有利于改善术后早期的预后     

改良超滤联合平衡超滤对婴幼儿体外循环术后IL-6,TNF-α及sICAM-1血浆含量和肺功能影响

目的:探讨婴幼儿体外循环(CPB)术后肺损害机理及平衡超滤联合改良超滤对其肺功能保护效果。方法:60例先天性心脏病患儿随机分为对照组(C)、改良超滤组(M)和平衡超滤联合改良超滤组(U)。M组在转流结束后应用改良超滤,U组在转流开始后进行平衡超滤,转流结束后进行改良超滤。分别在转流前(T1),转流结束后20 min(T2),术后2 h(T3),术后6 h(T4),术后12 h(T5)和术后24h(T6)测定记录气道峰压(Ppeak)、呼吸停顿压(Ppause)、潮气量(TV)、呼吸频率(F)、吸入氧浓度(FiO2)和吸气比例(insp)并测量动脉血中白介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)及黏附因子(sICAM-1)的浓度。结果:各组CPB术后较术前的肺静态顺应性(Cstat)、氧合指数(OI)明显降低,肺泡一动脉氧分压(AaD02)明显增加,在T4、T5时间U组的Cstat、OI明显高于M组和C组,M组高于C组;AaDO2明显低于M组和C组,M组低于C组。IL-6、TNF-α,及sICAM-1术后浓度均明显升高,sICAM-1浓度高峰较迟。在T2、T3、T4及T5时间,U组的IL-6、TNF-α及sICAM-1浓度明显低于M组和C组。结论:术后肺功能损害可能与CPB术后大量炎性细胞因子释放及黏附因子合成与分泌导致肺毛细血管内皮损伤有关。联合应用平衡超滤和改良超滤可降低血浆中的炎性因子的浓度,减轻炎性反应,改善患儿肺的通气功能和换气功能,具有良好肺保护作用。     

改良超滤在成人心脏瓣膜置换术中的应用

目的:总结改良超滤在成人心脏瓣膜置换手术的应用,并评价其减少围术期出血的效果及库血应用情况。方法:将100例体外循环(CPB)下心脏瓣膜置换术成人患者,随机分成改良超滤组(MUF组,n=50)及常规超滤组(CUF组,n=50)。检测两组红细胞压积(Hct)和血小板(Plt)在各时段的变化;并对围术期输血量、出血量,呼吸机辅助通气时间和ICU监护时间进行比较。结果:对照组因出血死亡2例,余98例患者痊愈出院,两组患者Hct和血小板在各时段比较无明显异常,MUF组未输入库血率明显高于CUF组[(29/50)与(14/5),P<0.01)]、输库血量及出血量较CUF组明显减少[(2.7±1.2)vs.(4.2±2.2),P<0.05];[(577±281)vs.(901±591)mL,P<0.05)]、MUF组呼吸机辅助通气时间(12.5±4.4)h、ICU监护时间(16.8±6.7)h和CUF组呼吸机辅助通气时间(17±6.9)h、ICU监护时间(22.0±11.1)h比较,明显缩短(P<0.05)。结论:心脏手术体外循环后采取改良超滤,可迅速回输心肺机管道系统的余血,排出体内多余水分,能迅速浓缩血液成分,减少库血的应用及输入量。     

平衡超滤加改良超滤对婴幼儿体外循环术后血清炎症介质水平的影响

目的观察平衡超滤加改良超滤对低体重婴幼儿体外循环术后血清炎症介质水平的影响。方法40例低体重先天性心脏病患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组,各20例。观察组在体外循环术中施行平衡超滤加改良超滤技术,对照组未应用超滤技术。测定两组患儿术前、体外循环术后即刻及3、6、24h血清肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α及白细胞介素（IL）-6、8水平。结果体外循环后各时点观察组患儿血清TNF—α、IL-6、IL-8水平均显著低于对照组。结论平衡超滤加改良超滤技术可显著降低体外循环术后患儿血清TNF—α、IL-6、IL-8的水平。     

逆行自体血液预充和改良超滤在儿童体外循环中的应用

目的探讨逆行自体血液预充技术(RAP)和改良超滤技术(MUF)联合应用对儿童体外循环的影响.方法40例体外循环手术患儿,随机分为实验组(n=20)和对照组(n=20).实验组联合应用逆行自体血液预充技术和改良超滤技术,对照组不进行上述两项技术.分别记录两组患儿体重,体表面积,体外循环时间及主动脉阻断时间,逆行自体血液预充置换液量,转前、转中、术后红细胞压积,呼吸机使用时间及围手术期临床用血量.结果两组患儿体重,体表面积,体外循环时间及主动脉阻断时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).转前、转中红细胞压积比较差异亦无统计学意义(P＞0.05);实验组可减少预充液量,转后红细胞压积实验组(32.50±3.04)%高于对照组(24.05±1.47)%,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),实验组呼吸机使用时间为(106.50±47.85)min,围手术期临床用血量为(0.15±0.26)U,对照组呼吸机使用时间为(195.75±77.94)min,围手术期临床用血量为(0.78±0.62)U,实验组均少于对照组,差异有极显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论逆行自体血液预充技术和改良超滤技术在儿童体外循环手术中联合应用可以减少临床用血量,降低输血相关风险,促进患儿术后恢复.     

零平衡超滤与改良超滤在老年患者心脏手术中的联合应用研究

目的:总结70岁以上老年患者体外循环中联合应用零平衡超滤(ZBUF)与改良超滤(MUF)的经验。方法:70岁以上老年患者98例均在低温体外循环下实施手术,转中依血红蛋白(HGB)水平适当ZBUF,停机后行MUF。结果:98例患者均顺利停机。超滤时间40~100(75.3±11.7)分钟,滤出液800~3000(1650±56.6)m L,停机时HGB压积(HCT):24~35(29.2±1.5)%,HGB水平为7.9~9.0(8.6±0.2)g/L,MUF后HGB水平为9.8~12.5(11.2±1.02)g/L。ICU监护时间平均4~6天,平均:4.8天。结论:ZBUF与MUF的联合应用有利于术后多余水分的排出及炎性介质的滤出,对于老年患者和长时间体外循环者安全有效。     

静脉-动脉改良超滤在Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术的应用

目的 探讨静脉-动脉改良超滤(VA-MUF)在Stanford A型主动脉夹层(TAAD)手术中的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年3月南方医科大学南方医院心血管外科接受手术治疗的TAAD患者81例,其中在体外循环(CPB)中应用VA-MUF(MUF组)32例,采用常规超滤(CUF组)49例.记录并比...     

常规超滤结合改良超滤在婴儿体外循环中的应用

血液稀释技术的出现，克服了体外循环中全血液预充的弊端，但同时也导致转流后细胞外液量的增加，细胞间质的水肿等不良后果，因此在体外循环的发展中引进了超滤技术。在20世纪70年代末最早采用常规超滤技术在转流后期进行，20世纪90年代初在此基础上又创立了改良超滤技术。     

Efficacy of combined modified and conventional ultrafiltration during cardiac surgery in children

Thirty children undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were prospectively studied to assess beneficial effects of modified ultrafiltration (MUF) over and above conventional ultrafiltration (CUF). Transoesophaegeal echocardiography determined ejection fraction (EF), fractional area change (FAC) and posterior wall thickness in end-diastole and end-systole were measured and compared in two groups undergoing CUF (group I) and CUF plus MUF (group II). Haemodynamic data, haematocrit, temperature drift, postoperative chest tube drainage in first 48 hours, ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU) stay were also recorded. Within group data were analysed by general linear trend and intergroup comparisons were made with t-test. EF and FAC decreased at 0 min after CPB in both groups, but both recovered at 10 and 30 min after CPB in group II. Increase in EF and FAC in group II was about 12-15 % and 3-5 % from 0 min respectively. There was also significant improvement in posterior wall thickness and haematocrit (P<0.05) in group II. Patients in group II maintained better systolic blood pressure and heamoglobin after CPB. Chest tube drainage in first 48 hours was significantly less in group 1I (100 -18 verses 85 +/-20 ml, P<0.05), but ventilation and ICU stay were not different between the two groups. Combined ultrafiltration has beneficial effect an haemodynamics with improvement in EF and FAC. It improves haematocrit and decreases chest pulse drainage.     

Effects of modified ultrafiltration and conventional ultrafiltration combination on perioperative clinical outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis

Background:This meta-analysis was performed to review the effects of the addition of modified ultrafiltration (MUF) and conventional ultrafiltration (CUF) to CUF alone on postoperative hemoglobin, surgical and ultrafiltration data, and postoperative clinical outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods:A systematic search was performed to identify randomized controlled clinical trials that compared MUF and CUF combination with CUF alone in pediatric cardiac surgery undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science without any language or date limitation in February 2020. For each included trial, the primary outcomes including post-CPB and postoperative hematocrit, surgical and ultrafiltration data, postoperative clinical outcomes including volume of chest tube drainage within 48 hours after surgery and perioperative blood requirement, ventilation support duration, and length of stay day in the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital were collected and analyzed. The analysis was conducted using STATA version 12.0.Results:A total of 8 trials encompassing 405 patients were included in this analysis. Analysis indicated that MUF + CUF increased the post-CPB hematocrit (Standard mean difference, SMD = 1.85, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.91–2.79). Meanwhile, ultrafiltration volume was higher in CUF+MUF infants than CUF-alone infants (SMD = 1.46, 95% CI 0.51–2.41, P = .003). The clinical outcomes, including postoperative hemodynamic changes, prime volume, blood requirement, chest tube drainage volume, mechanical ventilation duration, and ICU duration, were unclear because of the unstable sensitivity analyses.Conclusions:Beneficial effects of using MUF and CUF for pediatric cardiac surgery, including increase post-CPB hematocrit and ultrafiltration volume when compared with CUF alone. Meanwhile, MUF and CUF did not significantly influence the postoperative hospital stay duration, CPB, and aortic occlusion duration.     

Effect of modified ultrafiltration on pulmonary function after cardiopulmonary bypass

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary dysfunction is one of the most common manifestations of inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). OBJECTIVE: This prospective randomized study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a modified ultrafiltration (MUF) technique on pulmonary function after CPB in children. METHODS: Forty patients weighing from 5 to 10 kg with congenital heart disease who required CPB for primary biventricular operative repair were prospectively randomized into two groups. The control group received conventional ultrafiltration (CUF) during CPB, and the study group received CUF and MUF. Pulmonary compliance (static and dynamic) and gas exchange capacity of the lung expressed as oxygen index, respiratory index, ventilation index, and alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference were measured after intubation (baseline), at the termination of CPB, at the end of MUF, on admission to the ICU, and 6 h postoperatively. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in lung compliance and gas exchange between the two groups before CPB. CPB produced a significant decrease in static and dynamic lung compliance in both groups. In the control group, static and dynamic lung compliance decreased from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 0.90 +/- 0.3 mL/cm/kg and 0.87 +/- 0.2 to 0.71 +/- 0.1 mL/cm/kg (+/- SE) [p = 0.0002 and p = 0.002, respectively]. In the study group, static and dynamic lung compliance decreased from 1.0 +/- 0.2 to 0.89 +/- 0.03 mL/cm/kg and 0.94 +/- 0.2 to 0.77 +/- 0.1 mL/cm/kg (p = 0.002 and p = 0.002, respectively). There was no significant difference in the decrease in static (p = 0.9) or dynamic lung compliance (p = 0.3) between the two groups. MUF produced a significant immediate improvement in both static lung compliance (0.89 +/- 0.2 to 0.98 +/- 0.2 mL/cm/kg, p = 0.03) and dynamic lung compliance (0.77 +/- 0.1 to 0.93 +/- 0.2 mL/cm/kg, p = 0.007). The same was observed regarding the gas exchange capacity. CPB produced a significant decrease in lung gas exchange capacity, and MUF produced a significant immediate improvement in lung gas exchange capacity. The effect of MUF on lung compliance and gas exchange capacity was not sustained after admission to the ICU nor 6 h later postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the time of extubation between the two groups (12 +/- 3 h and 13 +/- 2 h, p = 0.4), the length of ICU stay, or the total hospital stay postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The use of MUF after CPB can produce an immediate improvement in lung compliance and gas exchange capacity, which may effectively minimize pulmonary dysfunction postbiventricular repair of congenital heart disease. However, these improvements are not sustained for the first 6 h postoperatively and do not reduce the duration of postoperative intubation, ICU stay, or total hospital stay.     

体重≤5kg婴儿简单先天性心脏病外科术中微小化体外循环管路应用改良超滤和常规超滤的比较

目的:比较利用微小化体外循环(CPB)管路行简单心脏手术时是否使用改良超滤(MUF)对体重≤5 kg先天性心脏病(先心病)婴儿的影响.方法:选取2018年1月至2020年6月在我院行CPB下简单心脏手术,体重≤5 kg先心病婴儿(手术年龄:18天～11个月)208例.其中,CPB中使用MUF的婴儿纳入MUF组(n=12...     

低温肺保护液肺动脉灌注在体外循环中的肺保护作用

目的研究低温肺保护液在体外循环（CPB）心脏直视手术中对肺损伤的保护作用。方法选择30例重度肺动脉高压先心病患者,随机分为对照组和肺保护组,每组15例。肺保护组CPB术中一次性从肺动脉灌注低温肺保护液,对照组未行肺动脉灌注。分别于麻醉诱导前（T1）,阻断升主动脉30min（T2）,CPB结束后1h（T3）、24h（T4）、36h（T5）取桡动脉血标本动态检测两组患者各时间点的肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）;在T1、T3、T4、T5各时间点对比观察两组术后肺泡一动脉血氧分压差（A—aDO2）和呼吸指数（RI）。结果两组一般资料差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;CPB开始后,两组桡动脉血TNF-α、IL-10进行性增高。TNF-α于CPB结束后1h达到最高[对照组（148．42±23．10）ng／L,保护组（103．29±32．15）ng／L],后逐渐下降,但仍高于CPB前,对照组增高更显著（P〈0．01）。IL-10于CPB结束后24h达到最高[对照组（66．75±25．82）ng／L,保护组（85．12±20．68）ng／L],后逐渐下降,但仍高于CPB前,肺保护组增高更显著（P〈0．05）。CPB开始后,两组A—aD02和RI进行性增加（A—aD02对照组195．8±72．5,保护组161．3±33．2;RI对照组0．72±0．05,保护组0．56±0．08）;对照组T3、T4、T5的A—aDO2及RI明显高于肺保护组（P〈0．01）。结论CPB术后存在肺损伤,低温肺保护液可以抑制炎症因子TNF-α的产生,上调抗炎因子IL-10的释放,减轻肺损伤,改善术后肺功能。     

高原地区体外循环应用超滤对儿童术后右心室功能的影响

目的　探讨高原地区体外循环 (CPB)中应用血液超滤技术对心内直视手术后右心室功能的保护作用。方法　选择在海拔 370 0m开展的CPB心脏手术患者 12例 ,根据CPB过程中有无应用血液超滤技术 ,将患者分成血液超滤组和对照组 ,分别于CPB前、CPB结束时以及CPB后 1h、3h、6h、12h、2 4h ,测定肺动脉平均压 (MPAP)、右心房压 (RAP)、右心室舒张末容积指数 (RVEDVI)、右心室射血分数 (RVEF)、心脏指数 (CI)、右心室每搏容量指数 (RVSI)和肺血管阻力指数 (PVRI)。结果　CPB结束和CPB后 6h内 ,对照组MPAP、RVEDVI以及RAP均较CPB前明显升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而RVEF、CI和RVSI较CPB前降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ;CPB后 12h对照组MPAP、RVEDVI以及RAP均逐渐减低 ,但RVEF、CI和RVSI仍未高于CPB前 ;血液超滤组RVEF、CI和RVSI在CPB后各时间点均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　高原地区在CPB下施行心内直视手术后早期 ,右心室心肌收缩力显著降低 ,右心室的泵血功能受损 ;CPB中应用血液超滤技术有利于CPB后心脏泵血功能的恢复。     

零平衡超滤对老年冠状动脉搭桥围术期心肺功能的影响

目的评估体外循环（ECC）中采用零平衡超滤对老年冠状动脉搭桥围术期心肺功能的影响。方法选取拟行冠状动脉搭桥术患者20例，随机分为两组，超滤组和对照组。分别在术前0．5h（T1）、主动脉阻断后30min（T2）、ECC结束后1h（T3）、8h（T4）、24h（T5）、48h（T6）抽取静脉血，测定血浆肌酸肌酶同工酶（CK-MB）、心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的水平．监测并记录T1～T6各时间的肺泡-动脉血氧分压差P（A-a）O2，并记录患者心脏自动复跳率及术后恢复情况。结果超滤组患者心脏自动复跳率明显高于对照组；超滤组术后机械通气时间及ICU停留时间显著短于对照组（P〈0．05）；两组患者ECC后CK-MB、cTnI、TNF-α、IL-6血浆浓度均有不同程度升高，但超滤组患者血浆CK—MB、IL-6浓度在T2～T6均低于对照组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）．超滤组cTnI浓度在T2～T5、TNF-α浓度在T3～T5低于对照组（P〈0.05）；超滤组肺泡-动脉血氧分压差在T3低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论ECC中采用零平衡超滤对老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者的心肺功能有一定程度的保护作用。     

A simplified circuit of modified ultrafiltration

A simplified circuit of modified ultrafiltration (MUF) is described. The technique described is simple, inexpensive, allows both conventional ultrafiltration (CUF) and modified ultrafiltration with minimum manipulation of the circuit, allows re-institution of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in an emergency, reduces the risk of air embolism and air cavitation and can be used in adults as well as children.