Class II correction in transitional dentition

Correcting the developing Class II malocclusion and preventing abnormal relationship of the jaws and occlusal dysfunction by repositioning the permanent molars and incisors is a significant benefit to the growing child. Future orthodontic therapy is significantly reduced often to detailing or eliminated in some cases.     

Cephalometric evaluation of Class II malocclusions in transitional dentition

Studying malocclusion during active growth period is important because this period has the maximum impact on dentofacial structures. The present study comprises of computerised cephalometric evaluation of 100 North Indian children in the age group of 9-12 years, with 50 children in normal occlusion group. The samples were segregated according to sex with 25 females and 25 males in each group. It was concluded from the study that changes or deviations in SNB, Saddle, Articular and Gonial angles are the potential indicative factors in the development of a class II malocclusion and that class II pattern is associated with short and posteriorly placed mandible in relation to the cranial base.     

前方牵引对于乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错牙颌结构的影响

目的探讨前方牵引在乳牙期的应用以及治疗前后的牙颌结构变化。方法选择乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)患者8名,男5名,女3名,年龄范围4.5-5.5岁,平均年龄5.2岁,患者前牙反(牙合),上颌相对于下颌后缩,乳磨牙末端呈现近中阶梯,不存在明显的功能性下颌移位。应用前方牵引矫治前牙反(牙合),进行正畸前后头影测量分析,统计学分析采用配对t检验。结果对乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)的前方牵引治疗能够促进上颌骨生长、下颌骨轻度向下向后旋转、面形改善。SNA显著增大,平均增大2.0度。ANB角增大3.0度。治疗后上切牙唇倾,下切牙舌倾。结论 初步结果表明前方牵引治疗乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)十分有效,有利于Ⅲ类骨骼畸形的调整。长期疗效还需要进一步观察。     

前方牵引对于乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错he牙颌结构的影响

目的探讨前方牵引在乳牙期的应用以及治疗前后的牙颌结构变化.方法选择乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)患者8名,男5名,女3名,年龄范围4.5-5.5岁,平均年龄5.2岁,患者前牙反(牙合),上颌相对于下颌后缩,乳磨牙末端呈现近中阶梯,不存在明显的功能性下颌移位.应用前方牵引矫治前牙反(牙合),进行正畸前后头影测量分析,统计学分析采用配对t检验.结果对乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)的前方牵引治疗能够促进上颌骨生长、下颌骨轻度向下向后旋转、面形改善.SNA显著增大,平均增大2.0度.ANB角增大3.0度.治疗后上切牙唇倾,下切牙舌倾.结论初步结果表明前方牵引治疗乳牙期骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)十分有效,有利于Ⅲ类骨骼畸形的调整.长期疗效还需要进一步观察.     

Class II interceptive therapy in the mixed dentition: intra-oral distalization appliances

Treatment of Class II malocclusion during the mixed dentition may sometimes require upper molar distalization. To achieve this, many devices have been suggested. The purpose of this article is to classify them and to point out their effects on the dentition and upon skeletal structures.     

A maxillary protracting bow appliance for Class III treatment in the primary dentition

Summary. The design of a simple facial mask type appliance for the treatment of Class III with anterior crossbite in the primary dentition, is described. Its clinical effect is illustrated in two cases. The appliance is easy to make, cheap, well tolerated and efficient.     

Skeletal Class III correction in permanent dentition using reverse twin block appliance and fixed mechanotherapy

The orthodontic management of patients with Class III malocclusion poses numerous prognostic and treatment challenges to the clinician. Various removable, orthopaedic, myofunctional and fixed appliances have been recommended for the correction of Class III malocclusion. The Reverse Twin Block (RTB) is a simple and well tolerated appliance which has often been used for the early management of such cases in mixed dentition. Cases reporting use of RTB in permanent dentition are however, limited. This article presents an insight into the encouraging results of reverse twin block (RTB) appliance used in conjunction with fixed mechanotherapy for the successful treatment of a 12-year-old patient presenting with skeletal Class III malocclusion and a concave facial profile. The RTB appliance helped establish a favourable environment for unrestricted maxillary growth, at the same time redirecting the mandibular growth to a clockwise direction and correcting the incisal relationship. The favourable treatment outcome and long-term stability achieved substantiates the feasibility of RTB appliance in mild to moderate skeletal Class III malocclusions in permanent dentition cases.     

Longitudinal evaluation of caries patterns form the primary to the mixed dentition

The purpose of this study was to develop a model describing the sites and patterns of dental caries in the mixed dentition for children with one of five caries experiences in the primary dentition. Dental records were used from 317 children followed an average of 7.8 years in private pediatric dental offices to assess specific caries experiences in children from early primary dentition to middle or late mixed dentition. Eighty-four per cent of the children who were caries-free in the primary dentition remained so in the mixed dentition. Children with the pit and fissure caries pattern in the primary dentition were more likely to develop smooth surface caries of primary teeth in the mixed dentition (32%) than caries-free children (14%, X2 = 5.6;P less than 0.05). For children with molar-approximal lesions in the primary dentition, 57% developed lesions on additional molar-approximal surfaces in the primary teeth in the mixed dentition. Children with the faciolingual pattern (baby bottle tooth decay) were at the highest risk of any group for developing additional carious lesions. The model could serve as a basis for a prospective study.     

Malocclusion in the primary dentition

In this paper we analyze the type and frequency of malocclusions in a group of 100 health children with complete primary dentition. Bjork's method for epidemiological registration was taken as a basis. Of the examined children, 78% had some malocclusion type. The most frequent was the increased horizontal overbite. In vertical overbite relation we find anterior open bite, increased overbite, anterior open bite, increased overbite.     

The effects of infant feeding patterns on the occlusion of the primary dentition

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different methods of infant feeding on the development of the occlusion in the primary dentition. The study included 126 children. Parents completed questionnaires regarding feeding and health history, and the primary dental occlusion was recorded for each child. The authors found that: (1) predominant bottle-feeding between 0 and 6 months of age was associated with the development of a pacifier habit; (2) children who used a pacifier were more likely to develop a nonmesial step occlusion, an overjet >3 mm, and an open bite; (3) children who sucked their thumb were more likely to develop an overjet >3 mm; and (4) in the absence ofnonnutritive oral habits, children who were predominantly bottle-fed between 0 and 6 months of age were more likely to develop an overbite >75%, although just shy of nominal statistical significance.     

Skeletal Changes During the Treatment of Class II/I Malocclusions

Abstract

Three groups of Class II/I patients were compared where treatment was carried out using Begg, Andresen and removable appliance techniques. Skeletal growth, as assessed by the dimensions S-Me, N-Me, ALFH and Me-Ar did not show any difference between the groups. All three groups showed an apparent improvement in skeletal pattern during treatment.     

Classification of dental caries patterns in the primary dentition: a multidimensional scaling analysis

OBJECTIVE: Clinical patterns of early childhood caries (ECC) encompassing specific teeth or surfaces have been previously proposed on an a priori basis and have been used as case definitions. The underlying assumption is that the patterns result from different host response and environmental conditions. Identifying caries patterns has utility in refining case definitions of ECC. Well-defined caries patterns should enhance the ability of an analysis to identify meaningful associations between suspected risk factors and ECC. The purpose of this project was to identify patterns of caries in the dentition of preschool children using multidimensional scaling without a priori pattern delineation. METHODS: Between February 1994 and September 1995, five examiners visually examined 5171 Arizona preschool children aged 5-59 months old. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) was used as a classification/taxonomy technique to identify any underlying structure of the caries data. MDS provided a classification scheme for individual tooth surfaces based on the dissimilarity measures of squared Euclidean distance and of variance using an alscal analysis. Both two- and three-dimensional solutions were pursued; s-stress, stress, R-square and residual patterns were assessed in determining the best dimensional model, with the resulting quadrant positions of the tooth surfaces suggesting potential caries patterns. RESULTS: All models demonstrated excellent fit. Two- and three-dimensional solutions suggested four caries patterns: (i) any maxillary incisor surfaces, (ii) first molar occlusal surfaces, (iii) second molar pit and fissure surfaces, and (iv) any smooth surfaces, excluding the maxillary incisor surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first delineation of primary dentition caries patterns produced by a classification analysis without a priori pattern definitions. The identified caries patterns may arise from specific risk factors and/or be a function of the timing of various risk factor exposures. Use of these patterns as case definitions should enhance the ability to identify associations between suspected risk factors and ECC.     

Traumatic injuries in the primary dentition

Abstract  – As a support for the guidelines published in 2001, a review of the literature was carried out using the evidence-based approach in order to update the state of the art regarding epidemiology and treatment of traumatic dental injuries in the primary dentition. An online search in Medline, and a review of expert literature, lead to the conclusion that most luxation injuries heal spontaneously, and unless more conclusive evidence is available, conservative treatment of acute dental trauma for preschool children is suggested. Pain control, the dentist's ability to cope with the child's anxiety, and follow-up instructions in oral hygiene techniques will allow many primary teeth that are currently lost at the time of injury to be saved.     

Endodontic treatment in the primary dentition

A number of factors are involved in the development of pulp and periapical disease in primary and permanent teeth, with dental caries being the main factor. Although these factors are similar, the clinical management of a primary or permanent tooth with pulp or periapical disease may be quite different. This is based mainly on the differences between the two types of teeth, with primary tooth longevity, coronal structural integrity, root canal morphology, and root anatomy being important features to be taken into account when treatment planning. This paper reviews some aspects of primary teeth and the various treatment options for the management of pulp and periapical disease.