输血传播病毒阳性产妇所产婴儿感染的初步研究

目的 :研究TTV阳性产妇所产婴儿TTV感染的发生率和感染途径。方法 :选择定期复查并坚持母乳喂养且血清TTV阳性产妇 31例 ,应用巢式 -PCR法检查分娩及随访 6个月时的血清、乳汁、脐血 (婴儿血清 )中的TTV。结果 :31例血清TTV阳性的产妇中 ,乳汁阳性率为 54.84 % (17 31) ,脐血均为阴性 ;产后 6个月时 ,母血阳性率为 2 5.8%(8 31) ,母乳阳性率为 87.1% (2 7 31) ,婴儿血清TTV阳性率为 19.35% (6 31)。结论 :孕妇血清TTV阳性率较正常人群高 ,乳汁及血清之间的TTV感染无严格的对应关系。乳腺有蓄积TTV的作用。母乳可能不是TTV在母儿间传播的主要途径     

孕期人乳头瘤病毒感染类型与母婴垂直传播的前瞻性研究

目的:探讨妊娠期人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染类型及母婴之间的传播。方法:应用核酸分子快速导流杂交检测方法检测不同孕期746例孕妇宫颈脱落细胞的HPVDNA分型,并在阳性孕妇的新生儿出生后24h内对其口咽部和生殖器黏膜细胞HPVDNA检测分型,分析各自感染率和感染类型。结果:746例孕妇HPV感染总阳性率15.68%(117/746),HPV单型别感染占66.67%(78/117),多型别感染占33.33%(39/117),最常见的感染型别为HPV58和16型感染,感染率14.53%(17/117)和13.68%(16/117)。孕早期HPV检出率(38.71%)最高。母婴垂直传播率为27.66%(26/94),与母亲HPV感染型别一致占34.62%(9/26)。不同分娩方式的HPV垂直传播率无明显差异。孕期13例经阴道镜下宫颈活组织病理检查发现:宫颈炎症2例,宫颈低度病变/湿疣10例,高度病变1例。产后3个月,26例HPV阳性的新生儿生殖器及口咽部取样检测均未提示有HPV感染;11例孕期HPV阳性产妇仍有HPV感染,3例随访,8例阴道镜下宫颈组织学检查发现:CINⅢ2例(包括孕期发现1例),CINⅠ3例(包括孕期发现1例),宫颈炎3例。结论:孕期HPV感染包括单一型和混合型感染,以高危型感染为主,孕期<12周与HPV感染具有相关性;母婴传播与分娩方式无相关性,新生儿HPV感染只是一过性的,但感染型别与其母亲一致性较差,其原因有待研究。妊娠期进行HPV筛查,对于早期发现孕妇生殖道良恶性病变有积极作用,值得临床推广应用。     

用荧光探针定量PCR技术检测孕妇与胎儿乙肝病毒感染的研究

目的 :探讨孕妇血中乙肝病毒 (HBV)DNA数量与胎儿乙肝病毒感染的关系。方法 :对 71例孕妇乙肝病毒表面抗原 (HBsAg)阳性者 ,用荧光探针定量PCR(FQ -PCR)方法 ,检测血清、宫颈分泌物及乳汁中HBVDNA数量 ,HBVDNA阳性者肌注乙肝免疫球蛋白 ,分娩后新生儿取末梢静脉血进行HBVDNA定量测定。结果 :孕妇血中HBVDNA阳性者其宫内感染率为 32 .6 % ,宫内感染与孕妇血中HBVDNA数量有关 ,HBVDNA数量高易导致胎儿宫内感染 ,乙肝免疫球蛋白可阻断HBV宫内传播。结论 :FQ -PCR方法能快速、准确检测孕妇血中HBVDNA数量 ,孕妇血中HBVDNA数量高易导致胎儿宫内感染 ,孕期肌注乙肝免疫球蛋白可减少胎儿乙肝病毒感染     

合并下生殖道人乳头瘤病毒感染妊娠结局和新生儿近期的影响

目的探讨妊娠合并下生殖道人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染妊娠结局和新生儿近期影响。方法选取HPV感染的孕妇116例为研究组,其中下生殖道疣55例,亚临床感染59例,潜伏感染2例。另选取HPV阴性的孕妇181例为对照组,对两组合并其他感染情况、妊娠结局、新生儿患病情况及分娩方式等进行分析。结果研究组合并其他感染如风疹病毒等患病率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;研究组剖宫产率及阴道分娩率同对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组中胎膜早破等不良妊娠结局发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,研究组未发现新生儿呼吸道乳头瘤患者;研究组经阴道分娩者羊水、脐静脉血感染率及胎盘病理检查阳性率等与剖宫产组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论妊娠合并下生殖道HPV感染发生新生儿呼吸道乳头状瘤率低,分娩方式对新生儿患病率影响不大,也不会增加胎膜早破等不良妊娠结局的发病率;下生殖道HPV感染孕妇易合并其他下生殖道感染,如风疹病毒等。     

乙型肝炎病毒宫内感染机理的研究

目的　探讨乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)宫内感染的可能机理。方法　应用PCR技术检测 5 9例乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原 (HBsAg)阳性孕妇的羊水、阴道分泌物及其新生儿脐血清中HBVDNA(研究组 ) ,10例乙型肝炎病毒标志物 (HBVM )阴性的正常孕妇及其新生儿为对照组。采用免疫组化ABC染色法检测两组孕妇胎盘组织中的HBsAg及乙型肝炎核心抗原 (HBcAg)的阳性率。 结果　 ( 1)研究组孕妇的羊水、阴道分泌物、新生儿脐血清中HBVDNA阳性率分别为 4 7 5 % ( 2 8/ 5 9)、5 2 5 % ( 31/5 9)、4 5 8% ( 2 7/ 5 9) ;对照组孕妇的羊水、阴道分泌物、新生儿脐血清中均未检出HBVDNA。 ( 2 )研究组孕妇胎盘组织中HBsAg及HBcAg的阳性率 ,呈现出由蜕膜细胞 ( 76 3%及 5 9 3% )、滋养层细胞 ( 72 9%及 5 5 9% )、绒毛间质细胞 ( 6 2 7%及 5 0 8% )至绒毛毛细血管内皮细胞 ( 5 2 5 %及 4 4 1% )依次递减的趋势 ;但其中有 4例孕妇胎盘组织中HBsAg及HBcAg的分布与上述特点相反。研究组孕妇有 32例羊膜细胞中检出HBsAg及HBcAg。对照组孕妇胎盘组织中的HBsAg及HBcAg检出率为零。结论　孕妇血中HBV主要是通过感染胎盘导致胎儿感染 ;但也可能存在胎盘以外的感染途径。     

助产一对一全程陪伴在高龄孕妇分娩中的应用效果

目的分析助产一对一全程陪伴在高龄孕妇分娩中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2013年2月~2015年3月我院收治的高龄孕妇138例的临床资料,按照数字表法分成对照组和研究组,对照组予常规助产模式,研究组予一对一全程陪伴助产,比较两组产妇疼痛程度及具体分娩情况。结果研究组中度、重度疼痛产妇4例(5.80%),明显少于对照组的62例(89.86%);研究组产妇平均产程、产后出血量以及新生儿Apgar评分均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用一对一全程陪伴助产可提高产妇分娩过程中疼痛耐受度,缓解疼痛感,减少产后出血量,缩短产程,减少胎儿窒息率,值得临床推广。     

妊娠合并HIV感染30例分娩前后情况以及阻断效果临床分析

目的:分析妊娠合并人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染产妇分娩前后情况,以及母婴阻断效果。方法:回顾分析东南大学附属南京市第二医院妇产科2005年3月至2016年10月住院分娩的30例妊娠合并HIV感染患者的临床资料。患者于孕前或孕期采用高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)。选取同期住院分娩的排除传染性疾病的正常孕妇90例。比较两组的孕期合并症、分娩情况、分娩方式及新生儿情况。监测研究组的阻断效果及新生儿生长发育情况。结果:研究组和对照组的孕期贫血、羊水过少、羊水污染发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(26.67%vs 13.33%,33.33%vs 15.55%,23.33%vs 6.67%,P0.05)。研究组的剖宫产率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(93.33%vs 48.89%,P0.05)。两组的新生儿体质量比较,差异有统计学意义[(3045.67±341.69)g vs(3273.44±430.19)g,P0.05];两组的男婴数及1min Apgar评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。截稿为止,随访至18月婴儿无一例感染(3例失访),随访的婴儿生长发育情况与同龄婴儿比较,未发现明显异常。结论:合并HIV感染孕妇分娩前后合并症及并发症发生概率相对较高。孕期运用HARRT方案,择期行剖宫产分娩、新生儿预防性使用抗病毒药物及人工喂养是阻断HIV母婴传播的重要措施。     

新旧产程标准对母儿结局的影响

目的探讨新旧产程标准对母儿结局的影响。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,将按照旧产程标准管理的孕妇5 385例设为对照组,按照新产程标准管理的孕妇6 836例设为研究组,排除经产妇、瘢痕子宫、双胎妊娠、前置胎盘、骨盆狭窄、胎儿畸形及合并严重妊娠合并症等具有绝对剖宫产指征的病例。比较两组孕妇一般资料、剖宫产原因、孕妇分娩结局及新生儿结局。结果研究组和对照组剖宫产率分别为25.19%(1 722/6 836)和28.79%(1 550/5 385),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中研究组因活跃期停滞行剖宫产742例(43.09%),对照组757例(48.83%);研究组因第二产程延长行剖宫产64例(3.72%),对照组93例(6.00%),两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。母儿预后方面:研究组和对照组产钳助产例数分别为113例(1.65%)和110例(2.04%);产后出血分别为534例(7.81%)和407例(7.56%);绒毛膜羊膜炎例数分别为96例(1.40%)和58例(1.08%);新生儿窒息例数分别为69例(1.01%)和42例(0.78%);新生儿感染性肺炎分别为9例(0.13%)和6例(0.11%),两组以上母儿预后指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论新产程应用后剖宫产率降低,主要是活跃期停滞、第二产程延长为指征的剖宫产率降低,孕妇产后并发症及新生儿结局无显著影响。     

瘢痕子宫患者再次妊娠分娩方式的选择与母婴结局分析

目的比较瘢痕子宫患者再次妊娠不同分娩方式对产妇及新生儿的影响,分析自然分娩的风险及注意事项。方法回顾性分析中国人民解放军海军总医院2010年6月至2015年6月收治的瘢痕子宫再次妊娠孕妇436例的资料,根据分娩方式的不同分为瘢痕子宫阴道分娩组172例、瘢痕子宫剖宫产组264例,比较两种分娩方式对产妇及新生儿的影响,按1:1比例选择同期非瘢痕子宫阴道分娩172例及非瘢痕子宫剖宫产产妇264例,分析瘢痕与非瘢痕子宫阴道分娩、瘢痕与非瘢痕子宫剖宫产对产妇及新生儿结局的影响。结果 (1)436例瘢痕子宫产妇,208例行阴道试产,172例试产成功行阴道分娩,成功率为78.6%,228例患者行剖宫产分娩;(2)瘢痕子宫剖宫产组产后24 h出血量、产后发热、新生儿窒息、住院时间明显多于瘢痕子宫阴道分娩组(P0.05);(3)瘢痕子宫阴道分娩组潜伏期、活跃期、总产程、产时出血量、新生儿Apgar评分、新生儿窒息发生率与非瘢痕子宫阴道分娩组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(4)瘢痕子宫剖宫产组手术时间、住院时间、产后出血量、新生儿窒息、切口愈合不良、产褥感染、盆腹腔粘连发生率明显高于非瘢痕子宫剖宫产组(P0.05)。结论瘢痕子宫剖宫产会明显增加母婴并发症,临床应尽量避免瘢痕子宫无指征剖宫产,排除禁忌证的情况下,鼓励阴道试产,加强产程管理,提高产科质量。     

166例瘢痕子宫再次分娩的指证和不同分娩方式的选择探讨

目的 分析瘢痕子宫产妇再次分娩的指证以及选择不同分娩方式的优势。方法 选取2013年1月至2016年6月于安徽省六安市人民医院分娩的瘢痕子宫产妇共计166例,详细记录其分娩方式以及产后24 h的出血情况、发热情况、是否存在产褥病例。记录新生儿出生健康情况指标、是否有新生儿窒息,统计不同分娩方式产妇住院总需时间以及医疗相关费用。回顾性分析并比较不同分娩方式上述结果差异,总结不同分娩方式的选择优势。结果 阴道试分娩产妇共计90例,阴道试产成功率75.56%;剖宫产孕妇共计76(45.78%)例。瘢痕子宫产妇行剖宫产与阴道分娩相比,其24 h出血量以及产后发热情况明显增多(P﹤0.05),新生儿窒息比例明显增多(P﹤0.05)。行剖宫产孕妇其住院总需时间以及花费均明显高于阴道分娩产妇(P﹤0.05)。其余指标均未见明显差异(P﹥0.05)。结论 相对剖宫产的分娩方式,阴道分娩对于再次分娩瘢痕子宫产妇及新生儿的不良影响较小,具有明显选择优势,临床应首先选择阴道分娩。     

妊娠晚期HPV潜伏感染对妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨妊娠晚期HPV潜伏感染是否改变了阴道内酸性环境及阴道菌群,进而对妊娠结局产生不良影响;了解妊娠晚期HPV潜伏感染的高危因素。方法:选取我院产检的孕妇312例,孕28～30周。进行问卷调查,取阴道分泌物及宫颈分泌物检测滴虫、念珠菌性阴道炎、细菌性阴道病及HPV;检测阴道pH值,按照HPV DNA是否阳性分研究组与对照组,追踪孕妇不良妊娠结局的发生情况。结果:妊娠晚期HPV DNA阳性发生率45.51%(142/312),感染高危型23.08%(72/312),低危型16.67%(52/312),高危型与低危型混合感染18例,发生率5.77%(18/312);妊娠合并念珠菌性阴道炎患病率15.06%(47/312);妊娠合并滴虫性阴道炎患病率1.28%(4/312);妊娠合并细菌性阴道病患病率29.81%(93/312)。研究组孕妇阴道pH值明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05);研究组与对照组细菌性阴道病发生率有显著差异(P<0.05);而两组间念珠菌性阴道炎、滴虫性阴道炎的发生率无显著差异(P>0.05);妊娠晚期HPV潜伏感染与低文化水平、吸烟因素及首次性生活年龄小有关(P<0.05);研究组与对照组间分娩方式相似。结论:妊娠晚期HPV潜伏感染与阴道内酸性环境改变相关,增加了妊娠合并细菌性阴道病的发生率且可增加胎膜早破发生。对围生期妇女行生殖道感染筛查,尤其是HPV、BV检测很有必要。     

HPV infection in pregnant women

AIM: Evaluation of incidence of HPV infection in pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Material consisted of 145 pregnant patients with a range age from 18 to 37, in 2nd or 3d trimester of pregnancy. The control-group included non-pregnant women, participants of preventive skinning programme against cervical cancer, as number and age structure as the study group. All patients had cervical specimens collected for cytological evaluation. Specimens for HPV testing were taken by Digene Sampler Cervical Kit--from cervix and posterior fornix. The presence of HPV DNA was detected with the Hybrid Capture II, dividing into 2 groups of high and low risk cancer associated types. RESULTS: DNA HPV was detected in 19 (13.1%) pregnant women treated in Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology. In 14 (9.6%) non-pregnant women from control group the Hybrid Capture II test was positive. The difference in frequency of infection has not statistical significance (Chi 2 = 0.55 alpha = 0.05). Respectively in 11(7.6%) and 8(5.5%) patients from I group HPV of high and low risk cancer associated type were detected. In II group infection of viruses with high risk was detected in 8 (5.5%), and with low cancer risk in 6(4.1%) patients. As I group as II group the presence of DNA HPV was estimated in younger women. CONCLUSIONS: The pregnancy does not seem to be independent factor that increases frequency of HPV infections. Despite of changes in hormonal balance and associated with pregnancy increase of immunity we have not found statistical significant differences between the study-group and control-group. There seem to be in connection with changes of sexual behaviour of pregnant women.     

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in biopsy-proven cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in pregnant women.

This study analyzed cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) in pregnant women for human papillomavirus (HPV) using in situ hybridization analysis. HPV DNA was detected in 77% (23/30) of low-grade SILs as compared to 89% of such lesions in nonpregnant women. The detection rate in high-grade SILs was 41% (9/22) compared to 70% in nonpregnant women. Analysis by the polymerase chain reaction showed that the detection rates were similar (96-100%) for low- and high-grade lesions in pregnant and nonpregnant women, which demonstrates that in situ negative tissues indeed contained HPV DNA. Low-grade SILs contained a heterogeneous group of at least 14 different HPV types, whereas most high-grade SILs contained HPV 16. We concluded that cervical SILs in pregnant women are invariably associated with HPV. Further study is needed to determine which of several possible variables, such as the age of the lesion and the viral copy number, may explain the apparent decreased detection rate of HPV by in situ hybridization in SILs during pregnancy.     

Human papilloma virus infection in pregnant women with normal pap-smears, HPV oncogenity and risk factors

The process of carcinogenesis in both types of cervical carcinoma is dependent on the infection of oncogenic types of HPV. HPV infection could be diagnosed on the basis of whether or not the DNA virus in present. In pregnant women the latent-persistent infection easily changes into its active form. This process is related to changes in immunological response and concentration of the hormones. AIM: The main aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of HPV infection in healthy pregnant women in second and third trimester of pregnancy and the presence of selected risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted in 2005-2006 on hospitalized women in The Clinic of High Risk Pregnancy. The first group consisted of 180 pregnant women in 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the second comprised 220 pregnant women in the 3rd trimester. In all women the Pap-smears and diagnosis of DNA presence of high and low risk HPV from the border line of cervical epithelium were tested on the first day of the hospitalization. The PCR method using Human Papilloma Virus Typing Set was used. RESULTS: In 400 pregnant women the presence of HPV was found in 4.5%, type 16 was fund in 2.5%, type 18 in 1.7%. Combined infection 16 and 18 types was found in 0.2%. In 180 pregnant women in II trimester high risk HPV was found in 4.4%: 16 type was found in 2.8%, 18 type in 1.7%. In IlI trimester high risk HPV was found in 4.5%: 16 type was found in 2.3%, type 18 in 1.8%, combined 16 and 18 in 0.4%. Low risk HPV was found in 1.0%- type 6. In II trimester in 1.1%, In III trimester 0.9%. There were no differences between HPV infection rate in II and III trimester, pregnant women age, the gravity and HSV2 infection. The difference was found between high risk HPV infection and parity, cigarette smoking and oncological family history. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic HPV infection has the same frequency in II and III trimester. High parity, cigarette smoking and oncological family history were connected with an increased rate of high risk HPV infection. All women in reproductive age should be checked for the HPV DNA.     

妊娠期与非妊娠期人乳头瘤病毒的感染率比较

目的:探讨HPV在不同妊娠时期感染率及基因分型的差别。方法:利用DNA杂交导流技术检测180例妇女妊娠早、中、晚期宫颈分泌物中HPV的表达及基因分型,同时检测180例非妊娠期健康妇女的宫颈分泌物作为对照。结果:180例非妊娠期健康妇女的宫颈标本中,HPV感染率为13%(23/180)。检出高危基因型(HPV16/18/31/52/56型)16例;低危基因型(HPV6/11型)5例;常见亚型(HPV53)2例。在妊娠期妇女的标本中,早、中、晚孕期感染率分别为19%(34/180)、20%(36/180)及32%(58/180)。检出高危基因型(HPV16/18/31/33/52/58/68型)81例;低危基因型(HPV6/11/42型)43例;常见亚性(HPV53/66)4例。其中有多重型感染患者。结论:妊娠期HPV感染率明显高于非妊娠期健康妇女,且感染率随妊娠进展而逐渐上升,其中高危亚型尤为明显,需要引起临床重视。     

Studies on the prevalence of human papillomavirus in pregnant women in Japan

AIMS: In order to evaluate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pregnant population in Japan. METHODS: We examined cervical swabs of 1,183 pregnant women for HPV DNA using a PCR-RFLP method during October, 2000 and February, 2001. The overall prevalence of HPV in 1,183 pregnant women was analyzed and stratified by age. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HPV in pregnant women was 12.5% (148 of 1,183 cases). The prevalence in pregnant women younger than 25 years (22.6%, 28 of 124 cases) was significantly higher compared with that in pregnant women > or =25 years (11.3%, 120 of 1057 cases, P< 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate a significantly higher prevalence of HPV infection in younger pregnant Japanese women.     

Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Pregnancy and Other Factors on Detection of HPV

Objective: An epidemiologic study of 108 pregnant and 192 nonpregnant women was carried out to determine the effects of pregnancy and other factors on the detection of HPV infection, since both or larger numbers of pregnancies and HPV infection are known to be risk factors for cervical cancer. Patients and methods: Study participants were followed up at 3-months intervals for a period of 15 months (1–6 months after delivery). At each visit, two cervical specimens were taken, one for routine cytology and a second for HPV DNA hybridization using Virapap/Viratype, and a 5-ml blood sample was taken and a self-administered questionnaire was completed. Results: In cervical specimens of the initial examination, HPV DNA was detected among 5.0% of pregnant and 5.2% of nonpregnant women, whereas HPV 16/18 was found in 80% of the HPV-positive specimens. Using multiple cervical specimens taken over time, 13.9% of the pregnant and 15.1% of the nonpregnant women tested positive for HPV DNA at least once. Adjusted for study group, age, and the number of available cervical specimens, ever detection of HPV infection (any type) was associated with more sexual partners and larger numbers of cigarettes smoked daily. An autoregressive generalized linear model was used to analyze the time-dependent multiple observations per study subject. Adjusting for age and trimester of pregnancy, the determinants of detecting high-risk HPV types (16/18 and 31/33/35) in the cervical specimen were an abnormal Pap smear, a positive HPV result in a preceding specimen, more than six sexual partners in the lifetime, and currently smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day with odds ratios of 10.9, 5.6, 3.2, and 2.7, respectively. Conclusion: Our data provide no evidence for a higher detection rate of HPV during pregnancy.     

Prevalence of human papillomavirus infections in term pregnancy

The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the lower genital tracts of pregnant and nonpregnant women was studied. Cervical and vaginal exfoliated cells were obtained during a routine pelvic examination in 45 pregnant women in early labor, and in 44 nonpregnant women. A detailed questionnaire with emphasis on sexual history and sexually transmitted diseases was administered. The two groups of women were comparable with respect to mean age, prior pregnancy experiences, and number of lifetime sexual partners. Compared with pregnant women, the nonpregnant women had a more frequent history of sexually transmitted diseases (61% versus 39%; p = 0.06), and of genital warts (16% versus 0%; p = 0.01). Utilizing Southern transfer and hybridization with 32P-labeled viral DNA probes for HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 31, DNAs extracted from cervicovaginal exfoliated cells were assessed for HPV genomic sequences. HPV genomic sequences were identified in 25% of nonpregnant women compared with 13.5% of term pregnant women. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.26). Six HPV isolates identified in pregnant women were distributed as follows: type 6/11, 1; type 16, 1, type 31, 1; and unknown type, 3. Eleven isolates were identified in nonpregnant women and were distributed as follows: type 6/11, 2; type 16, 6; type 18, 2; and type 31, 1. HPV type 6/11, the type responsible for laryngeal papillomatosis of juvenile onset, was identified in 2% of the pregnant population and accounted for only one of six isolates. HPV DNA-positive pregnant and nonpregnant women were predominantly asymptomatic and had normal Papanicolaou smears and normal clinical examinations.     

Adeno-associated virus and human papillomavirus types in cervical samples of pregnant and non-pregnant women

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of AAV and HPV DNA and their types in cervical secretion from pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Study design

The samples were obtained from 40 pregnant and 62 non-pregnant women who were attended at the outpatient clinic of the Federal University Hospital of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil. AAV and HPV were investigated by PCR and typed by PCR and/or RFLP.

Results

The occurrence of AAV in all samples was 25.5% (26/102): 81% (21/26) and 19% (5/26) for AAV2/3 and AAV5 species, respectively. AAV were observed in 35% (14/40) and 19% (12/62) of pregnant and non-pregnant women, respectively. HPV occurred in 22% of all samples; 25% (10/40) in pregnant and 20% (12/60) in non-pregnant women. HPV types were determined for 72.7% of the strains, most of which classified as high-risk. AAV–HPV co-infection was observed in 15.4% (4/26), mostly in pregnant women.

Conclusions

There was a greater prevalence of AAV and HPV in pregnant than in non-pregnant women, which suggests that the gestational state may play a role in reactivating the viruses.