理论信息学在医学信息学领域的应用

理论信息学揭示宇宙间一切信息现象的基本规律,是信息科学的理论核心.医学信息学是医学、计算机学、信息学等学科的交叉学科,注重实践应用的研究而缺乏成形的基础理论.理论信息学为医学信息学提供理论基础,构建信息科学的研究范式等.     

医学领域的新兴学科--医学信息学

0　前言随着学科分工和科技发展的不断深化 ,医疗保健工作日益依赖于信息技术来获取 ,存储、检索、利用有用的情报 ,评价医疗保健的服务质量 ,医学信息学由此而产生。它是一门医学与信息科学交叉的学科。在提供文献检索、医学信息系统开发、降低误诊率及远程会诊方面都有非常重要的意义。本文就北美及我国医学信息学发展现状的异同做了分析和评价。1　定义及发展史医学信息学 (Medical informatics)相比较于其它传统医学学科来说 ,还是一门新兴的 ,正在蓬勃发展的学科。它是医学与信息科学 ,计算机科学交叉的学科。对于它的叫法也由于所涉…     

医学信息学研究的某些进展

医学信息学是一门新兴的交叉学科，近年来的研究已取得重大进展，本文从医学信息学的沿革及现状，医学信息学研究的范围及内容，医学信息学教育及医学信息学的发展与人才培养等四方面进行论述。     

医学信息学研究和教学课程内容探讨

医学信息学是医学与信息学相结合而产生的综合性、交叉性学科 ,是新近发展起来的一门前沿科学。随着以计算机技术为代表的信息技术在医疗工作包括数据通信、医疗质量评估、辅助决策过程、管理、规划和科学研究中越来越广泛的应用 ,医学信息学的研究和教学受到了世界各国的普遍重视。在国外 ,每年都有大量的研究文献面世 ,并且达到了相当的广度和深度。教学活动也很普及 ,特别是在欧美等国家 ,医学信息学课程的开设已经有几十年的历史 ,教学层次包括学士、硕士和博士 ,授课对象除医学专业的学生外 ,还包括信息学、计算机专业的学生 ,并且广泛…     

中美医学信息学教育的比较研究

本文阐述了中美医学信息学教育的发展概况,通过对中美医学信息学教育的模式和课程设置等方面的比较分析,提出了改革教学体制,改进教学模式,拓宽学科知识范畴,加强基础理论研究,培养高层次医学信息专业人才等发展我国医学信息学教育的建议。     

论生命信息学与医学信息研究

生命信息学是在医学信息研究的基础上萌发的信息学科，而它对“母体”进行拓展、延伸，同时又进行了前所未有的创新，为信息科学理论体系的建立做出了努力的探索，显示出光明的学术前景。医学信息研究要建立起较为系统的科学理论体系，就要突破传统，用生命信息学的既得原理和思维方式去作指导，创立新说。     

医学信息学专题网站的建立

医学信息学是计算机、信息科学与医学结合的前沿交叉学科,它几乎全方位涉及到所有医药卫生领域,已成为现代生物医学发展的基石.该文围绕建立一个医学信息学教学、研究的平台,为医学信息行业人员提供一个方便、快捷交流渠道的目标,介绍了医学信息学专题网站的总体框架构建、前后台设计、网站内容的选取和布局等问题.     

开创临床诊断信息学的探索与研究

随着科学技术的飞速发展，从人体基因水平到社会和自然界对疾病的影响，极大地丰富了人的生命与生存信息。这些信息将为医学，特别是临床诊断提供了非常丰富的信息资源，如何存贮、管理、加工、传递和利用这一资源，这将是临床诊断信息学研究的课题。     

论交叉信息科学研究与医学信息学

随着计算机应用的日渐普及和深入，几乎每一个学科都在经历着“信息化”的过程。各个学科的研究者们把计算机作为“硬工具”，处理相关领域中的数据和知识，或(和)把计算机的逻辑模型作为“软工具”，用来分析特定领域中的信息现象。于是，一门又一门应用信息学如雨后春笋，不断地涌现出来，比如生物信息学、医学信息学、管理信息学，等等。本文的目的在于结合医学信息学讨论交叉信息学科研究的地位和作用，学科信息化的一般过程，以及它们之间的关系。     

理论信息学的发展现状

在当今社会,信息技术高速发展,许多传统的学科纷纷接受信息化,衍生出医学信息学等领域信息学.领域信息学的发展,"国家信息化"以及社会转型的提出催生了理论信息学.本文主要介绍了理论信息学的产生过程及其国内外发展现状,并提出理论信息学的发展需要改变以往的物理学科学范式,转向信息学科学范式.     

Integrated medical informatics with small group teaching in medical education

National Taiwan University College of Medicine (NTUCM) introduced small groups of teaching and basic-clinical integrated courses for medical students in 1992. By using computer network and multimedia techniques, this study tried to overcome barriers to learning in small group teaching. The Department of Medical Informatics of NTUCM established campus networking and computer classrooms and provided Internet and intranet network services including mail, netnews, bulletin board systems (BBS), world wide web (WWW), gopher, ftp and local file servers. To implement an interactive learning environment, the authors first tried mail lists, newsgroups and BBS. Next an integrated learning system prototype on the WWW was developed to provide functions including online syllabus, discussion boards simulated to BBS, online talk, interactive case studies, virtual classroom with video on demand (VOD) and Internet medical resources. The results showed that after the medical students completed the required course of medical informatics and had good network access using a network to communicate with each other became a daily practice. In the future, the system will extend to the tutoring of clinical practice and continuing medical education. The authors expect a national medical education network and more international cooperation and exchange.     

Developing curriculum in nursing informatics in Europe

The NIGHTINGALE Project (NIGHTINGALE Project: HC1109 DGXIII Contract and Technical Annex, European Commission, December 1995) which started on the 1st of January, 1996, after the approval of the European Commission, has a 36 month duration. It is essential in planning and implementing a strategy in training the nursing profession in using and applying healthcare information systems. NIGHTINGALE contributes towards the appropriate use of the developed telematics infrastructure across Europe by educating and training nurses in a harmonious way across Europe in the upcoming field of nursing informatics. NIGHTINGALE develops courseware material based on the curriculum development process using multimedia technologies. Computer based training software packages in nursing informatics will be the basis of the training material and the corresponding courses. CD-ROM based training and reference material will also be provided in the courses whereas the traditional booklets, teaching material and textbooks can also play an adequate role in training. NIGHTINGALE will disseminate all information and courseware material freely to all interested parties through the publications of the proceedings of the conferences, through the establishment of the world wide web (WWW) server in nursing informatics for Europe (http://www.dn.uoa.gr/nightingale), which will become a depository of nursing information knowledge across Europe as well as a dissemination node of nursing informatics throughout the European members states for the benefit and welfare of the European citizen.     

Medical informatics and bioinformatics: European efforts to facilitate synergy

Over the past decade there have been several attempts to rethink the basic strategies and scope of medical informatics. Meanwhile, bioinformatics has only recently experienced a similar debate about its scientific character. Both disciplines envision the development of novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and management tools, and products for patient care. A combination of the expertise of medical informatics in developing clinical applications and the focused principles that have guided bioinformatics could create a synergy between the two areas of application. Such interaction could have a great influence on future health research and the ultimate goal, namely continuity and individualization of health care. This article summarizes current activities related to facilitating synergy between medical informatics and bioinformatics, emphasizing activities in Europe while relating them to efforts in other parts of the world. The report provides examples of the analysis that European investigators are carrying out, aiming to propose new ideas for collaborations between medical informatics and bioinformatics researchers in a variety of areas.     

The evolution of medical informatics in China: A retrospective study and lessons learned

BackgroundIn contrast to China’s giant health information technology (HIT) market and tremendous investments in hospital information systems the contributions of Chinese scholars in medical informatics to the global community are very limited. China would like to have a more important position in the global medical informatics community.ObjectiveA better understanding of the differences between medical informatics research and education in China and the discipline that emerged abroad will better inform Chinese scholars to develop right strategies to advance the field in China and help identify an appropriate means to collaborate more closely with medical informatics scholars globally.MethodFor the first time, this paper divides the evolution of medical informatics in China into four stages based on changes in the core content of research, the educational orientation and other developmental characteristics. The four stages are infancy, incubation, primary establishment and formal establishment. This paper summarizes and reviews major supporting journals and publications, as well as major organizations. Finally, we analyze the main problems that exist in the current disciplinary development in China related to medical informatics research and education and offer suggestions for future improvement.ConclusionsThe evolution of medical informatics shows a strong and traditional concentration on medical library/bibliographic information rather than medical (hospital information or patient information) information. Misdirected-concentration, a lack of formal medical informatics trained teaching staff and mistakenly positioning medical informatics as an undergraduate discipline are some of the problems inhibiting the development of medical informatics in China. These lessons should be shared and learned for the global community.     

Education of medical informatics in Bosnia and Herzegowina

Time of information in which the authors live resulted in the increase of the amount of the information exponential growth of the new kind of knowledge, flourishing of the familiar ones and the appearance of the new sciences. Medical (health) informatics occupies the central place in all the segments of modern medicine in the past 30 years—in practical work, education and scientific research. In all that, computers have taken over the most important role and are used intensively for the development of the health information systems. Following activities develop within the area of health informatics: health-documentation, health-statistics, health-informatics and big-medical, scientific and professional information. The pioneer in the development of the health statistics and informatics in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) was Dr Evgenije Sherstnew, who was the Chief of Health Statistics in the Ministry of Health of BiH from 1946–1952. and who founded and led, from 1952 to the end of his life, the Department of Medical Documentation and Health Statistics of the Central Health Institute of BiH, the core around which a group of experts for the development of this field have gathered. In the eighties computers were intensively used as a tool for the processing medical data and with them the development of health information systems at the level of the outpatient-clinics, hospitals, clinical centers, as well as the integral information system of health, health insurance and the social security system of BiH began. Finally, Society for Medical Informatics of BiH, which as a professional association gathers experts in the area of health informatics, actively propagates this profession in the Republic, was founded. With reform of the lectures and curriculum at the medical faculty in Sarajevo, the course in ‘Medical Informatics’ has been in 1992. into the second semester, since it was assumed that an early insight into the principles of information along with studies of so called basic pre-clinic sciences, especially basics of information, would make things easier for the students the more informative education is in the course of their medical studies. The medical faculty in Sarajevo also established and accepted a course of health informatics and economics of post-graduate studies in 1979, of which the main objective is education of experts for work informatics jobs in health care system and services, especially for needs of the future information systems in BiH.     

Education and training of medical informatics in the medical curriculum

The teaching of medical informatics is of importance for students in medicine and health care, realizing that they will be the health professionals of the future. Training in medical informatics is also of value for practicing clinicians who are overwhelmed by the avalanche of systems that are available on the market. Some examples of operational systems are presented here to indicate that health care has changed dramatically over the last decades. This paper intends to contribute to the drafting of IMIA guidelines for teaching medical informatics by (1) reporting on the experience at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the Erasmus University Rotterdam as part of the curriculum, (2) reporting on the implementation of guidelines for teaching medical informatics in The Netherlands since these guidelines were drafted in 1986, and (3) by introducing the teaching material contained in the new Handbook of Medical Informatics and on its Web site.     

Individualization, globalization and health--about sustainable information technologies and the aim of medical informatics

This paper discusses aspects of information technologies for health care, in particular on transinstitutional health information systems (HIS) and on health-enabling technologies, with some consequences for the aim of medical informatics. It is argued that with the extended range of health information systems and the perspective of having adequate transinstitutional HIS architectures, a substantial contribution can be made to better patient-centered care, with possibilities ranging from regional, national to even global care. It is also argued that in applying health-enabling technologies, using ubiquitous, pervasive computing environments and ambient intelligence approaches, we can expect that in addition care will become more specific and tailored for the individual, and that we can achieve better personalized care. In developing health care systems towards transinstitutional HIS and health-enabling technologies, the aim of medical informatics, to contribute to the progress of the sciences and to high-quality, efficient, and affordable health care that does justice to the individual and to society, may be extended to also contributing to self-determined and self-sufficient (autonomous) life. Reference is made and examples are given from the Yearbook of Medical Informatics of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) and from the work of Professor Jochen Moehr.     

Medical informatics at Heidelberg/Heilbronn: status-evaluation-new challenges in a specialised curriculum for medical informatics after thirty years of evolution

After reporting on characteristics, structure and contents of the specialised informatics-based curriculum for medical informatics (MI) at the University of Heidelberg/University of Applied Sciences Heilbronn, the paper describes the development during the last 5 years, and in particular a complementary health care oriented postgraduate program in 'Health Information Management' (IM). Furthermore, it outlines results of a study among the MI graduates, which aims to assess their job situation and to evaluate the curriculum from their viewpoint and so establishes a summary of 30 years of experience with the program. Finally, the paper discusses new challenges of the program, considering the results of the study, perspectives of health care provision in the next decade, content changes to be focused on and the growing competition in the field of programs for medical informatics.     

Health and medical informatics education for nurses and health service managers

Health and Medical informatics is a discipline encompassing and combining aspects of all health, medical and informatics disciplines. Consequently, the topics to be covered in any educational program can vary considerably both in depth and breadth. Given that such programs need to meet the needs of a very diverse health professional workforce, educators need to develop curricula to suit specific target groups although common topic areas need to be included. This paper presents the state of play regarding nursing informatics education. It discusses informatics education for health service managers primarily in Australia through the use of a case study and compares these with some other similar programs. It then explores some of the issues encountered which are seen as impediments to the progression of health and medical informatics education, the most significant of which is traditional University organisational structures which do not readily facilitate multidisciplinary educational programs.