宫术安栓在人工流产术中应用的效果

①目的 了解宫术安栓在人工流产术中的应用效果。②方法 将２６８例早孕需要终止妊娠的病人,随机分为宫术安栓组（Ａ组,ｎ＝１５６）和安慰栓剂组（Ｂ组,ｎ＝１１２）,人工流产术前１５ｍｉｎ,分别将宫术安栓或安慰栓剂１枚放入病人肛门,观察两组扩张宫颈效果,术中疼痛、恶心、呕吐及人工流产综合征等发生情况。③结果 Ａ组扩张宫颈效果明显优于Ｂ组（Ｘ＾２＝３０．７６,Ｐ〈０．０１）;术中疼痛、恶心、呕吐及人工流产     

剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛对产妇的影响

目的：探讨剖宫产术后硬膜外腔注射吗啡、布比卡因对产妇的影响。方法：选择７８例产妇,在连硬下行剖宫产术,术毕随机等分为两组,镇痛组（Ａ组）和对比组（Ｂ组）。Ａ组（ｎ＝３８）行硬膜外镇痛,注入１ｍｇ吗啡＋０．２５％布比卡因１０ｍｌ。Ｂ组（ｎ＝３８）术毕未镇痛。结果：Ａ组病术后镇痛效果好,与Ｂ组有显性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。Ａ组初乳时间和肠蠕动恢复时间较Ｂ组提前（Ｐ〈０．０５）。Ａ组睡眠好,Ａ组恶心呕吐     

分娩镇痛的临床观察

目的 探讨布比卡因硬膜外自控镇痛和罗湃卡因蛛风膜下腔－硬膜外自控镇痛用于分娩的效果及对产程、母婴的影响。方法 ９０例初产妇分为３组,布比卡因硬膜外自控镇痛组（Ａ组,ｎ＝３０）、罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔－硬膜外自控镇痛组（Ｂ组,ｎ＝３０）和对照组（Ｃ组,ｎ＝３０,未行分娩镇痛）,观察各组镇痛效果、产程时间、分娩方式血清皮质醇及新生儿Ａｐｇａｒ评分情况。结果 Ａ,Ｂ组镇痛效果满意,以Ｂ组为佳两组 产程未血清     

糖尿病合并胆囊结石高危因素研究

目的：明确糖尿病并发胆囊结石的高危因素，探讨预防方案。方法：研究对象１９７例分成四组。糖尿病合并胆囊结石组（Ａ组，ｎ＝３２），糖尿病无胆囊结石组（Ｂ组，ｎ＝３６），胆囊结石无糖尿病组（Ｃ组，ｎ＝６２）和对照组（无糖尿病无胆囊结石，Ｄ组，ｎ＝６７）。对比研究各组血脂、载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）、磷脂（ＰＬ）、脂蛋白（ａ）（ＬＰ（ａ））及糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白（ＧＨｂＡ１Ｃ）、空腹及餐后血糖、胰岛素、Ｃ肽水平。结果：Ａ组、Ｂ组与Ｄ组比较，甘油三酯、ＡｐｏＢ、ＡｐｏＣ２、ＡｐｏＣ３、ＡｐｏＥ水平均明显升高，Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１，具有胆囊结石血脂的特点。更存在ＡｐｏＡ１、ＡｐｏＡ２、ＡｐｏＡ１／ＡｐｏＢ、ＨＤＬｃ／ＴＣ比值（Ａ组）等反映保护因子水平的显著下降，Ｐ均＜０．０１。Ａ组与Ｂ组比较，空腹胰岛素浓度有升高倾向（Ｐ＝０．０７６），餐后胰岛素浓度均显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１），除ＨＤＬｃ／ＴＣ比值下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）外，所有血脂、载脂蛋白、ＰＬ、ＬＰ（ａ）、ＧＨｂＡ１Ｃ、空腹及餐后血糖、Ｃ肽水平两组差异均无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。两组病程差异亦无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：（１）糖尿病并发胆囊结石的高危因     

分次小剂量鱼精蛋白拮抗肝素的临床运用

目的：观察使用分次小剂量鱼精蛋白拮抗体外循环后体内残存肝素的可行性。方法：选择ＡＳＡⅡ～Ⅲ级瓣膜替换手术患者４０例，随机分为鱼精蛋白大剂量组（Ａ，ｎ＝２０）和小剂量组（Ｂ，ｎ＝２０）。大剂量组鱼精蛋白总量为４．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，分为首剂（４ｍｇ／ｋｇ）和追加量（０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ），间隔３０ｍｉｎ，均以中心静脉推注；Ｂ组鱼精蛋白总量为２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，分为２ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ两次给入，方法同Ａ组。观察全血激活凝固时间（ＡＣＴ）和术后２４ｈ渗血量。结果：（１）给药后１５ｍｉｎＢ组ＡＣＴ短于Ａ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）给药后３０ｍｉｎ两组ＡＣＴ均有不同程度延长，但差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；给药后４５ｍｉｎ（追加量后１５ｍｉｎ）Ｂ组ＡＣＴ明显短于Ａ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（３）Ｂ组术后２４ｈ渗血量明显少于Ａ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：使用小剂量分次鱼精蛋白法拮抗体外循环后体内残存肝素，效果确切，具有减少鱼精蛋白用量和术后出血量的作用。     

安定与宫术安栓在人工流产中的应用

人工流产术 (简称人流术 )是避孕失败的一种补救措施。为了探索人流术止痛、宫颈扩张及降低人流综合症发生的有效方法 ,1995年 1月～ 1997年 1月 ,我们对 90 0例人流患者术前使用安定及宫术安栓 ,效果较好 ,现报道如下。1　资料与方法1.1　观察对象　 90 0例中 ,初孕未产妇 431例 ,部宫产妇 87例 ,顺产妇 382例。年龄在 2 0～ 40岁 ,孕周 6～ 10周。1.2 　方法　将 90 0例人流术的受术者随机分成 3组 :Ａ组(安定组 ) 30 0例 ;Ｂ组 (宫术安栓组 ) 30 0例 ;Ｃ组 (对照组 ,即未用药组 ) 30 0例。 3组间初产妇、顺产妇及剖宫产妇构成无差异性 (…     

术中使用小剂量氯胺酮对术后疼痛的影响

观察术中使用小剂量氯胺酮对术后疼痛的影响。方法将４０例行下腹部择期手术的病人随机双盲分为氯胺酮组（Ａ组,ｎ＝２０）和对照组（Ｂ组,ｎ＝２０）。氯胺酮组于术中静脉注射氯胺酮０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。于术后４、８、１２、２４ｈ观察疼痛,镇静状态呼吸、血压及恶性呕吐等发生率。对照组术中不使用任何镇痛药物。结果术后２４ｈ内Ａ组术后疼痛程度明显低于Ｂ组,无明显的恶心呕吐等不良反应发生。结论术中使用小剂量氯胺酮具有减     

脂肪乳剂对梗阻性黄疸患者肝功能的影响

目的：探讨脂肪乳剂在梗阻性黄疸患者围手术期营养支持中的应用，以及对肝功能的影响。方法：将患者随机分为对照组（Ａ＝１３例）和脂肪乳剂组（（Ｂ＝１０例）），比较两组手术前后丙氨酸转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）、血总胆红质（ＴＢＩＬ）、血白蛋白（ＡＬＢ）、血清前白蛋白（ＰＡＢ）的变化。数据处理均采用ｔ检验和配对ｔ检验。结果：两组术后ＡＬＴ、ＴＢＩＬ均明显下降（Ａ组Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｂ组Ｐ＜０．０５），两组术后ＡＬＢ均低于术前（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＰＡＢ∶Ａ组，术后明显降低，与术前相比差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ｂ组，术后有所升高，但差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：阻黄患者胆汁引流术后，使用脂肪乳剂可以发挥其补充能源、节省氮源的作用，且有利于肝功能的恢复。     

依托咪酯在心脏瓣膜手术中的应用及对血流动力学的影响

目的 研究依托咪酯及安定-依托咪酯对预备行心脏瓣膜转换术的风湿性心脏病患者的麻醉诱导过程及其对血流动力学的影响。方法 将２１例风湿性心脏病患者随机分为Ａ、Ｂ两组，分别采用依托咪酯（Ａ组，ｎ＝１０）和安定－依托咪酯（Ｂ缄，ｎ＝１１）对其诱导麻醉，Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ导管技术监测血流动力学。结果 诱导后，Ａ组所有病人均出现明显的肌阵挛或抽搐样反应，Ｂ组无上述反应发；两组右房压（ＲＡＰ）、肺毛细血管嵌压、平     

心电图ST段墓碑样改变的临床意义

本文对ＡＭＩ２６８例患者，依据心电图ＳＴ段有无墓碑样改变将其分成Ａ（ｎ＝４１）组及Ｂ（ｎ＝２２７）组。ＡＭＩ后一周内发生并发症及死亡率进行两组对照，结果表明，一周内并发症及死亡率Ａ组均高于Ｂ组，Ｐ均小于０．０１，揭示ＡＭＩ早期ＳＴ段呈墓碑样改变者并发症多，预后亦较差。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.