可膨胀水凝胶弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤的初步结果

目的分析可膨胀水凝胶弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的安全性及栓塞的致密程度。方法对26例30个动脉瘤进行了栓塞治疗,其中27个动脉瘤使用水凝胶弹簧圈栓塞。23例为破裂出血动脉瘤,其中Hunt-Hess分级Ⅰ级7例,Ⅱ级10例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级1例。动脉瘤最大径3.7～18mm,平均(8.6±3.6)mm。结果完全致密栓塞21个,瘤颈残瘤5个,部分栓塞1个。栓塞密度为19%～154%,平均(67.6±32.3)%。暂时性对侧肢体轻偏瘫2例,脑室引流术致严重血管痉挛及颅内感染死亡1例。结论可膨胀水凝胶弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤安全有效,可显著提高栓塞的致密程度,但是否可减少栓塞后动脉瘤复发仍有待进一步随访。     

支架结合弹簧圈栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤

目的探讨和总结支架结合弹簧圈血管内治疗颅内宽颈、梭形等复杂动脉瘤的技术及疗效。方法回顾性分析颅内支架结合可脱弹簧圈治疗41例44个颅内宽颈、梭形动脉瘤的临床资料。结果支架结合弹簧圈完成栓塞40个动脉瘤(其中1例采用"Y"型双支架),动脉瘤100%栓塞23个,95%栓塞11个,90%栓塞5个,80%栓塞1个;4个微小动脉瘤单纯植入支架未填塞瘤体。死亡2例,1例死于血小板功能障碍所致脑干出血,1例单纯放置支架术后13d死于再次蛛网膜下腔出血。32例随访3～18个月无再出血及脑梗死,7例失访;24例26个动脉瘤术后3～18个月接受血管造影,与栓塞后即刻血管造影相比,影像学无变化者14个,7个瘤颈残留者已不显影,1个100%栓塞者瘤颈少许显影,1个90%栓塞者瘤颈显影稍有增大;3个单纯放置支架未填塞动脉瘤腔的动脉瘤中2个不显影,1个体积有所缩小。结论支架结合弹簧圈栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤有较好的疗效,但应警惕抗血小板药物所致的风险,特别对于未能有效填塞瘤腔的动脉瘤。     

水凝胶弹簧圈HydroCoil栓塞颅内动脉瘤

目的探讨新型的水凝胶弹簧圈（MicroPlex＆HydroCoil）栓塞颅内动脉瘤的效果。方法运用水凝胶弹簧圈HydroCoil栓塞动脉瘤10例，包括前交通动脉瘤6例．后交通动脉瘤2例，颈内动脉床突上段动脉瘤和大脑中动脉瘤各1例，其中急性破裂动脉瘤8例，未破裂动脉瘤2例。结果8例动脉瘤致密栓塞，2例动脉瘤大部填塞，填塞率56％～78％，平均填塞率68％。1例在使用HydroCoil—18弹簧圈时未能在5min内完成填塞而撤出微导管，其余HydroCoil均顺利填塞和解脱。随访3例，6个月后行DSA复查，均未见复发。结论水凝胶弹簧圈HydroCoil是一种安全有效的动脉瘤栓塞材料，能显著提高动脉瘤的填塞率，但远期效果有待长期随访。     

应用Neuroform颅内专用支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内梭形和宽颈动脉瘤

目的探讨Neuroform颅内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈和梭形动脉瘤的应用价值.方法本组宽颈和梭形动脉瘤45例,采用微导管技术将支架两端跨越动脉瘤颈后释放.18例通过支架的网眼将微导管置入动脉瘤内;27例采用平行技术先将微导管置入动脉瘤,再释放支架,然后通过微导管填塞弹簧圈,术后随访3个月～4年.其中椎动脉巨大宽颈动脉瘤3例,基底动脉宽颈动脉瘤5例,后循环多发动脉瘤2例,眼动脉瘤5例,床突上段动脉瘤13例,后交通动脉瘤17例.结果45例动脉瘤致密填塞36例,9例大部填塞,术后患者均恢复良好,随访均无再出血及3例出现血栓栓塞症状.结论Neuroform颅内支架结合弹簧圈是治疗颅内宽颈和梭形动脉瘤安全有效的方法.     

应用高顺应性球囊辅助弹簧圈技术治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤

目地探讨应用高顺应性球囊辅助弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤。方法回顾分析33例颅内宽颈动脉瘤,颈/体≥0.7或瘤颈宽≥4mm,6例动脉分叉部动脉瘤应用高顺应性HyperForm球囊辅助弹簧圈技术治疗,其他27例宽颈动脉瘤应用HyperGlide球囊辅助弹簧圈技术治疗。结果33例应用高顺应性球囊辅助弹簧圈技术治疗的颅内宽颈动脉瘤的病例,25例完全填塞,5例次全填塞(≥90%),3例不全填塞(<90%);1例术中动脉瘤破裂,2例术中血管痉挛,23例影像随访6-12个月,无动脉瘤复发,载瘤动脉保持通畅其他10例临床随访,9例症状好转,1例死亡。结论在填塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤时选择合适的高顺应性球囊,可使部分颅内宽颈动脉瘤得到致密稳定的填塞。     

自膨胀颅内支架联合电解可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗宽颈脑动脉瘤

目的总结自膨胀颅内支架(Neuroform)联合电解可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗宽颈脑动脉瘤的技术要点、并发症及防治经验。方法对20例颅内宽颈动脉瘤采用Neuroform支架结合电解可脱弹簧圈进行血管内栓塞治疗,术中通过Renegade微导管释放Neuroform支架覆盖动脉瘤颈,并将微导管超选支架网孔进入动脉瘤,或预先将另一微导管置入动脉瘤腔,通过微导管以弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤。结果20例患者支架均准确定位释放,18例动脉瘤腔被100%致密填塞,另2例被95%填塞;术中1例发生支架移位,3例发生脑血管痉挛。临床随访2～12个月,均无再出血及脑梗死等症状发生。8例于术后3～8个月内行DSA检查:6例致密栓塞的动脉瘤均未见显影,2例瘤颈有部分残留者,1例无变化,另1例原有瘤颈残留未再显影。结论对颅内宽颈动脉瘤采用Neuroform支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗近期疗效可靠。     

电解可脱弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤

目的 总结电解可脱弹簧圈栓塞治疗60例67个颅内宽颈动脉瘤的体会,探讨颅内宽颈动脉瘤介入治疗方法、技术操作要点、存在问题及临床应用前景。方法 60例颅内动脉瘤患者中54例为破裂动脉瘤。采用双弯塑形、横向成篮、分部填塞及篮外填塞等方法治疗55例,瘤颈重塑形技术2例,血管内支架结合GDC 3例。结果 栓塞程度:颅内动脉瘤完全栓塞54个(54/67),栓塞90％以上9个(9/67),栓塞90％以下4个(4/67)。术中出血2例(2/60),死亡2例(2/60)。结论 GDC栓塞颅内动脉瘤具有微创、安全、效果可靠的优点。改进栓塞技巧及瘤颈塑形技术等方法,可以明显提高宽颈动脉瘤的完全栓塞率,血管内支架结合GDC可能成为治疗颅内梭形及宽颈动脉瘤的有效方法。     

颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的临床分析

目的总结颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗技巧及结果。方法采用血管内栓塞治疗76例80个颅内动脉瘤。对23个宽颈动脉瘤采用瘤颈成形辅助技术栓塞治疗,其中球囊辅助成形术治疗动脉瘤4个,微导丝辅助瘤颈成形技术治疗5个,支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗14个。6个巨大动脉瘤5个用可脱性球囊闭塞载瘤动脉,1个用电解可脱性弹簧圈闭塞载瘤动脉。结果栓塞程度:致密栓塞48个(64.9%。48/74),90%以上栓塞11个(14.9%,11/74),疏松(90%以下)栓塞15个(20.3%,15/74)。术中动脉瘤破裂出血4例(5.3%,4/76),2例死亡。结论电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤具有微创、安全、效果可靠等优点。采用微导丝辅助瘤颈成形技术、瘤颈重塑形技术、血管内支架等方法,可以明显提高宽颈动脉瘤的致密栓塞率和减少脑梗死并发症发生。     

Matrix弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤的随访分析

目的评价Matrix弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤的治疗效果和稳定性。方法回顾性分析72例共80个动脉瘤病人的临床资料,均采用Matrix栓塞治疗。根据治疗结果分析栓塞程度、瘤颈宽度、动脉瘤直径、支架辅助与动脉瘤再生长率的关系。结果动脉瘤致密栓塞47个(58.8%),瘤颈残留24个(30.0%),瘤体残留9个(11.3%)。手术相关并发症7例(9.7%),死亡2例。64例随访6～48个月,无再出血及新增神经功能缺损。38例42个动脉瘤术后6～24个月接受血管造影随访,动脉瘤稳定26个(61.9%),进一步栓塞5个(11.9%),再生长11个(26.2%);2个(4.8%)瘤体残留者复发需再次治疗。统计学分析显示:动脉瘤栓塞越致密,再生长率越低(P<0.05),术后Raymond分级、动脉瘤大小、瘤颈宽度、体颈比、是否使用支架辅助栓塞与再生长率无明显相关(均P>0.05)。结论随访显示Matrix栓塞颅内动脉瘤安全、有效和稳定,有必要长期随访。     

Y型支架技术治疗颅内动脉分叉部宽颈动脉瘤

目的评估Y型支架技术治疗颅内动脉分叉部宽颈动脉瘤的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年1月到2012年6月采用Y支架技术治疗的20例颅内动脉分叉部宽颈动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果20例患者共20个动脉瘤（破裂的9个,未破裂的11个）,其中使用交叉Y型支架技术治疗16个,平均用平行Y型支架技术治疗4个。术后即刻造影示10个致密栓塞,8个瘤颈残留,2个瘤体残留。造影和临床随访平均时间分别为9个月和17个月,17例完全治愈、2例瘤颈残留、1例复发（再次采用弹簧圈填塞最终获得致密栓塞）。所有患者出院和随访时都预后良好,改良Rankin评分为0～1分。结论采用交叉或平行Y型支架技术治疗一些复杂的颅内动脉分叉部宽颈动脉瘤是安全、有效的。     

Treatment of intracranial aneurysms with hydrogel coated expandable coils

BACKGROUND: Coiling of intracranial aneurysms with platinum coils sometimes results in relatively poor angiographic results which may be is related to low packing volumes achieved. Hydrogel coated expandable coils (HydroCoil) have been shown to achieve better aneurysm volume filling which may potentially result in lower recanalization rates. Currently there is limited clinical data on their safety and efficacy in aneurysm treatment. METHODS: We analyzed data from a prospectively collected database on patients treated at the Toronto Western Hospital. The analysis included the patients' characteristics, aneurysm size, packing, procedure related complications, recanalization and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Twenty-nine aneurysms were treated with HydroCoils only or in combination with other coils. The average calculated filling of the aneurysm volume was 74-76%. On the immediate post treatment angiograms, 44% of the berry type aneurysms were completely obliterated, 33% had a residual neck and, in 20%, a residual aneurysm was seen. Follow-up imaging was available in 23 cases. On imaging follow-up (from 2 days to 11 months) one dissecting aneurysm had recanalized. There were six technical/medical complications with no clinical consequences. Two clinically significant procedural related complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: HydroCoils can be used effectively to treat intracranial aneurysms. The volume expansion allows for much greater packing than described for bare platinum coils, which may result in better long-term results. The recanalization rate is low but the limited follow-up does not allow for any conclusion regarding the long-term outcome. The complication rate is similar to larger current series using bare platinum coils.     

水解脱弹簧圈填塞治疗急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤1例

摘要 背景：以往多采用电解脱弹簧圈填塞治疗颅内动脉瘤，但电解脱弹簧圈解脱时间较长，解脱区质地硬，并发症发生率较高，不利于微小动脉瘤的栓塞。 目的：观察水解脱弹簧圈填塞治疗急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤的效果。 方法：经头颅CT检查确认蛛网膜下腔出血并有脑叶出血1例，数字减影血管造影系统证实为颅内动脉瘤，采用水解脱弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤。 结果与结论：经过治疗，患者破裂动脉瘤致密栓塞，填塞达99%，出血得到控制。提示水解脱弹簧圈的超柔软性及对瘤体壁的顺应性，操作方便，提高了动脉瘤的致密性栓塞的可能性，减少并发症的可能，应该为目前急性期颅内动脉瘤破裂较好的栓塞方法。 关键词：颅内动脉瘤；蛛网膜下腔出血；水解脱弹簧圈；介入治疗 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.040     

三维数字减影血管造影在脑动脉瘤治疗和随访中的应用

目的　探讨三维数字减影血管造影 (3DDSA)在脑动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗及随访中的价值。方法　对 4 9例疑诊或确诊动脉瘤的病例 ,术前、栓塞术中行 3DDSA检查 ,其中 10例作 3DDSA随访。结果　 4 9例中经 3DDSA证实共检出 4 7例 5 3个动脉瘤 ,3DDSA对动脉瘤形状、瘤颈及瘤颈与载瘤血管关系能更好地显示 ,准确判断动脉瘤血管内栓塞的可行性 ,并为栓塞治疗提供最佳工作角度。 12例病人因 3DDSA检查而改变了原来的治疗方法。3DDSA尚可准确判断动脉瘤的栓塞程度及有无复发。结论　 3DDSA可提高颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞的安全性 ,并有助于随访研究。     

多层面螺旋CT血管造影在颅内动脉瘤术后评估中的初步应用

目的 初步评估多层面螺旋CT皿管造影(multi—slice helical CT angiography,MSCTA)在颅内动脉瘤术后复查中的临床应用价值。方法 对12例临床确诊颅内动脉瘤接受手术治疗病例应用Aquilion多层面螺旋CT于术后行MSCTA检查，图像后处理方法包括多层面重建、遮盖容积重建以及外视镜式血管表面重建。结果 对于使用钛制动脉瘤夹病例，MSCTA可以清楚显示动脉瘤体消失，载瘤动脉与动脉瘤夹之间关系。但对于使用普通合金动脉瘤夹以及GDC弹簧圈栓塞病例MSCTA术后重建伪影大，难以对动脉瘤体是否消失和载瘤动脉情况作出评价。结论 可以将MSCTA作为使用钻制动脉瘤夹病例的术后随访工具。     

颅内动脉瘤电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞后MRA随访

目的评估磁共振血管造影(MRA)在动脉瘤弹簧圈栓塞后随访中的价值.方法回顾栓塞后3个月同期进行了MRA和数字减影血管造影(DSA)复查的37例41个动脉瘤,两者时间间隔在3d以内,以DSA为标准,观察有无瘤颈残留以及弹簧圈内有无血流残留.结果 41个动脉瘤中,DSA发现有29个完全闭塞,9个可见瘤颈残留,3个动脉瘤内有对比剂.MRA见31个动脉瘤完全闭塞,8个可见瘤颈残留,2个可见瘤内存在血流.本组中假阴性2例,无假阳性.结论 MRA是脑动脉瘤弹簧圈栓塞后的一种无创、可靠、快速的影像学随访方法,有助于监测动脉瘤颈残留和弹簧圈内血流残留.     

可膨胀水凝胶弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤的临床研究

目的 观察可膨胀水凝胶弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤后的近期及远期疗效.方法 对41例用可膨胀水凝胶弹簧圈栓塞的颅内动脉瘤(45个)患者进行随访,随访时间6～24个月,采用脑血管造影、CT脑血管成像、磁共振脑血管成像方法,了解颅内动脉瘤复发及并发症情况.结果 41例中复发1例,死亡1例.术后并发脑梗死3例,动眼神经麻痹1例,脑积水2例.改良Rankin评分量表评为0级8例,1级19例,2级7例,3级3例,4级2例,5级和6级各1例.结论 可膨胀水凝胶弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤安全有效,对闭塞载瘤动脉有独特优势.处理小动脉瘤(<5mm)时会有较高的并发症,栓塞时要谨慎.     

颅内支架在颅内动脉瘤栓塞中应用

目的评价颅内支架在颅内动脉瘤栓塞过程中应用的操控性有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析采用颅内支架治疗35例的临床资料。结果 35枚支架均成功释放,所有支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术后即刻造影,动脉瘤获致密栓塞21例,瘤颈残留8例,瘤体显影4例。获脑血管造影随访,共12例,均未见动脉瘤复发。结论颅内支架应用于栓塞颅内动脉瘤过程中,操作性好,在保持载瘤动脉通畅的情况下,提高动脉瘤的治愈率,有效安全性高。     

Results of endovascular treatment of aneurysms depending on their size,volume and coil packing density

Background and purposeIn contrast to neurosurgery, which is more efficient, endovascular treatment (EVT) is less invasive. The main purpose of EVT is complete occlusion of the aneurysm and protection from subarachnoid haemorrhage. Accurate measurements of the aneurysm (size, volume) obtained using a 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) workstation can assist in the proper assessment of coil packing density (CPD), which affects possible distant recanalization. The main disadvantage of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms compared to neurosurgery is the high recurrence rate. We evaluated the results of endovascular treatment of aneurysms depending on their size, volume and coil packing density.Material and methodsThirty-five patients with intracranial aneurysms underwent endovascular embolization with bare platinum coils. Three-dimensional DSA was used to evaluate aneurysms’ morphology. Eighteen patients underwent 3D DSA follow-up 6-45 months after treatment. Initial and follow-up results of embolization were assessed with the Raymond-Montreal scale. The impact of aneurysms’ morphology, volume and initial CPD on endovascular treatment was evaluated.ResultsAmong 35 patients, complete initial embolization was achieved in 74%. Mean initial aneurysm volume in 3D DSA was 0.517 mL and decreased significantly after embolization. Initial CPD varied from 74% to 2% depending on aneurysm diameter (12.1% for aneurysms ≥ 10 mm, 22.5% for aneurysms < 10 mm). Results of embolization on the Raymond-Montreal scale significantly depended on aneurysms’ CPD. Aneurysms’ recanalization rate on 3D DSA follow-up was 36%, with complete recanalization in 3.3%.ConclusionsWe can achieve a better outcome if size and volume of the aneurysm sac is smaller and if CPD is higher.     

Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with Guglielmi Detachable Coils: emphasis on new techniques.

Endovascular therapy for intracranial aneurysms has evolved since Serbinenko pioneered embolisation with latex balloons in the 1970s. The focus of modern endovascular therapy has shifted to the use of Guglielmi Detachable Coils (GDC; Boston Scientific Corporation, Natick, MA, USA) which are retrievable until the operator is satisfied with placement and they are detached. GDC therapy has been shown to be most efficacious in smaller aneurysms with relatively large dome:neck ratios which allow maximal coil packing within the aneurysm lumen. Wide neck aneurysms with dome:neck ratios of less than 2.0 and large aneurysms have a significantly lower incidence of complete treatment, with higher rates of repeat rupture following GDC therapy. The geometry of wide neck aneurysms is less favourable for retention of coils within the aneurysm lumen, resulting in greater risk of parent vessel compromise from coil herniation and difficulty obtaining maximal coil packing. This chapter will summarise GDC therapy for intracranial aneurysms including newer techniques designed to address the problem of wide neck aneurysms.