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Eliza Hartley Briony Hill Cate Bailey Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Helen Skouteris 《Women's health issues》2018,28(6):530-538
Background
Postpartum depression and anxiety are prevalent in the first year after giving birth and can have problematic health outcomes for the mother and infant, although further research is required about the factors that contribute to their development. This study explored the trajectory of depressive and anxiety symptoms across the first postpartum year and their associations with body attitudes, body mass index, and weight retention.Methods
Participants were 467 women recruited during pregnancy via online forums, in parenting magazines, and at baby and children's markets, or from a large tertiary Australian hospital. Participants reported retrospectively on the prepregnancy period and provided data in early pregnancy (Baseline; M = 17.1 weeks pregnant), at 3 months postpartum (T1; M = 13.1 weeks after birth), 6 months postpartum (T2; M = 26.6 weeks after birth), and 12 months postpartum (T3; M = 52.8 weeks after birth).Results
Latent growth curve modelling revealed that, from T1 to T3, depressive symptoms significantly decreased, whereas anxiety symptoms did not change significantly. Demographic factors, weight retention, body mass index, and body attitudes at T1 did not significantly predict the course of depression and anxiety over time; however, greater postpartum weight retention and negative body attitudes at T1 predicted a more severe experience of both depression and anxiety at T3.Conclusions
These findings emphasize the need to assess and monitor the risk factors that can have an adverse impact on postpartum women's psychological health. This finding is particularly important for women deemed to be at risk of problematic body image or weight issues so that health professionals can intervene, and better ensure the health of new mothers in the longer term. 相似文献8.
Barrot H. Lambdin Megan Comfort Alex H. Kral Jennifer Lorvick 《Women's health issues》2018,28(5):470-475
Background
Jail is frequently described as a “revolving door,” which can be profoundly destabilizing to people moving in and out of the system. However, there is a dearth of research attempting to understand the impacts of the accumulation of incarceration events on women who use drugs. We examined the association of the frequency of jail incarceration with hardship, perceived health status, and unmet health care need among women who use drugs.Methods
Our community-based sample included women who use heroin, methamphetamine, crack cocaine, and/or powder cocaine (N = 624) in Oakland, California, from 2012 to 2014. Poisson regression models with robust variances were built to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios between the frequency of jail incarcerations and measures of hardship, perceived health, and unmet health care need, adjusting for a set of a priori specified covariates.Results
We observed associations between high levels of jail frequency and higher levels of homelessness (p = .024), feeling unsafe in their living situation (p = .011), stress (p = .047), fair to poor mental health (p = .034), unmet mental health care need (p = .037), and unmet physical health care need (p = .041). We did not observe an association between jail frequency and unmet subsistence needs score or fair to poor physical health.Conclusions
We observed associations between higher levels of jail frequency and a higher prevalence of hardship, poor mental health, and unmet health care need. Our findings suggest areas for additional research to untangle the impacts of frequent incarceration on women's health and well-being. 相似文献9.
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Ashley C. Lima William L. Jeffries Hui Zhang Kudon Guoshen Wang Donna Hubbard McCree 《Women's health issues》2018,28(4):358-366
Background
Black women who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more likely than other HIV-positive women to experience poor health outcomes. Given these disparities, we compared receipt of HIV testing and other preventive services among Black, White, and Hispanic women participating in HIV prevention programs funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015.Methods
Data came from 61 health department jurisdictions and 123 community-based organizations. Using Wald χ2 tests, we assessed racial/ethnic differences in HIV testing by demographic characteristics, risk factors, HIV status, HIV service delivery, and (using unlinked data) participation in evidence-based HIV prevention interventions among women. We also assessed temporal changes in Black women's receipt of preventive services (2012–2015).Results
In 2015, there were 1,326,589 HIV testing events (single sessions in which one or more HIV tests are performed to determine HIV status) that occurred among Black, White, and Hispanic women, resulting in 4,868 positive diagnoses. Proportionally fewer Black (vs. White and Hispanic) women were linked to HIV medical care within 90 days (64.4% vs. 69.1% and 73.7%), interviewed for partner services (50.4% vs. 54.4% and 63.5%), and referred to risk reduction services (55.5% vs. 57.7% and 59.8%). From 2012 to 2015, HIV testing events among Black women decreased by 15.2%, but linkage to care within 90 days increased by 30.6% and participation in one or more evidence-based intervention increased by 46.8% among HIV-positive Black women.Conclusions
Black HIV-positive women were less likely than White and Hispanic women to receive services that prevent HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Additional programmatic efforts are needed to increase the proportion of HIV-positive Black women who are linked to services to reduce HIV disparities among women. 相似文献11.
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Background
Postpartum depression is underdiagnosed and undertreated. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and timing of depression diagnoses and treatment use in the year after childbirth among women with private and Medicaid health insurance coverage.Methods
Using two large claims databases (private employer-sponsored and multistate Medicaid), we identified women with a live birth in 2014. We calculated the percentage of women with a depression diagnosis in the year after giving birth and identified their mental health treatment use (antidepressant medication filled and/or psychotherapy). We calculated days to diagnosis, days to treatment initiation, and number of therapy sessions. Percentages were compared using Cohen's h measure of effect size between two independent proportions (h ≥ 0.20 are meaningful).Results
After childbirth, 7% of privately insured women and 13% with Medicaid were newly diagnosed with depression (h = 0.22). Those with Medicaid were diagnosed earlier (median 43 days vs. 78 days for private), but treatment initiation occurred later (h = 0.38) and at a lower rate (54% with Medicaid received some treatment vs. 71% with private insurance, h = 0.35). Many women received medication without therapy (44% with Medicaid vs. 51% with private insurance). Therapy was used more commonly by private enrollees (20% vs. 10% of Medicaid; h = 0.28). Among those who received therapy, the median was three sessions.Conclusions
Postpartum depression diagnosis was more prevalent among women with Medicaid coverage, yet the treatment gap was greater and initiation was later. These findings suggest that there is room for improvement when it comes to early intervention and treatment engagement. 相似文献18.
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Kelly M. Bower Ruth J. Geller Nancy A. Perrin Jeanne Alhusen 《Women's health issues》2018,28(6):495-501