Angiolipoma Larynx: A Case Report

We report an extremely rare case of angiolipoma larynx Case report and a review of the world literature concerning angiolipoma are presented. A case of tumour of the larynx in a 72-year-old male who underwent excision by a lateral pharyngotomy approach. Histopathological diagnosis was angiolipoma. 19 cases of angiolipoma have been reported from head and neck region, none from the larynx. To our knowledge this is the first report in the world literature of angiolipoma larynx.     

Forgotten foreign body in the larynx (A case report)

An interesting and unsual case of foreign body of larynx in adult is presented here, where the foreign body is a fish bone, quite large in size and has multiple projections by which it was impacted firmly in the subglottic region of larynx for about 3 months. Large irregular fish bone impacted for about 3 months in an adult larynx is very rare, and as such is reported.     

Candidates for larynx preservation: the next step?

Nonsurgical treatment approaches to enable larynx preservation in patients who would otherwise undergo laryngectomy have evolved over recent years. Randomized trials have demonstrated that concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy is more effective than doublet cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (PF)-based induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy in enabling larynx preservation. However, concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy is also associated with more toxicities than induction PF followed by radiotherapy. The triplet induction regimen of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-FU (TPF) is more effective than PF and is now considered to be the standard induction chemotherapy regimen for future larynx preservation trials. Manipulating the postinduction treatment regimen may help to improve larynx preservation rates, and possibly survival, and the use of concurrent chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy plus the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor cetuximab has been investigated in this setting. Determining the most effective treatment approach for larynx preservation will involve conducting a trial comparing concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy with sequential TPF induction chemotherapy followed by either radiotherapy or cetuximab plus radiotherapy. Collaboration among international groups is required to assess which approach would be most beneficial in terms of larynx function preservation, disease control, and survival.     

Clear cell carcinoma of the larynx: immunocytochemical study

A case of clear cell carcinoma of the larynx with multiple metastases is reported. The histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of this tumor are discussed as well as the main differential diagnoses. An origin from sero-mucous glands of the larynx is proposed. A literature review showed that clear cell carcinoma of the larynx is rare and is characterized by extremely high aggressiveness.     

凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin和血管内皮生长因子高表达是喉鳞状细胞癌生存预后的独立预测因子

Objective: To study the relationship between Survivin and VEGF proteins in a subgroup of patients with squa-mous carcinoma of larynx. Methods: 108 cases of squamous carcinoma of larynx with clinical data were collected and expressions of Survivin and VEGF in peripheral blood were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Expressions of Survivin and VEGF were significantly associated with T stage, N stage and metastasis of squamous carcinoma of larynx. The patients with Survivin or VEGF over-expressions presented lower survival rate, respectively, as compared to those of low-expression (P < 0.05). The survival rate in squamous carcinoma of larynx patients with Survivin and VEGF dual over-expressions was significantly lower than that of patients with dual low-expression (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that both Survivin and VEGF over-expressions in squamous carcinoma of larynx peripheral blood samples were strong independent factors of poor prognosis in squamous carcinoma of larynx patients. Conclusion: Survivin and VEGF over-expressions are independent prognostic factors for the patients with squamous carcinoma of larynx. These results also suggest that peripheral blood Survivin and VEGF expressions are valuable prognostic markers for prognosis prediction in squamous carcinoma of larynx patients.     

Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) in tumours of pharynx and larynx

Benign and Malignant squamous cell tumours from pharynx and larynx have been studied by silver colloidal staining technique for quantitative analysis of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) per nucleus and to assess its significance in differentiating the benign from malignant tumours. A total of 23 neoplasms including 8 squamous papillomas from larynx, 5 squamous cell cracinomas from larynx and 10 squamous carcinomas from pharynx have been studied. AgNOR count from benign papillomas showed a mean count of 2.56 whereas that in squamous cell carcinoma of Pharynx and larynx was 12.61 and 11.43 respectively. This simple staining method can be used to differentiate benign from malignant tumours in pharynx and larynx.     

Histoplasmosis of the larynx

Occurrence of histoplasmosis is very rare in India and involvement of the larynx only by histoplasmosis is still very rare. We have come across a case of histoplasmosis with only laryngeal involvement which is presented here for its rarity. Clinically the case was thought to be either a case of malignancy or of tuberculosis of the larynx. We came to the conclusion of histoplasmosis of the larynx only after histopathological study of the biopsy material and after special staining procedures for Histoplasma capsulatum.     

Extranodal non-Hodgkins lymphoma of larynx

Non-Hodgkins lymphoma is found in the older age group with extranoda involvement more commonly seen than in Hodgkins lymphomna. It isusually of B-cell type which has a better prognosis than T-cell type, Extranodal Non-Hodkin’s lymphomas of larynx are rare. they can present as isolated lesions in larynx or associated with multiple involvement. They are usually found in the supraglottic region of the larynx. We present a case of 70-year-old female with extranodal Hodgkins lymphoma of epiglottis with metastasis in the liver.     

Histiocytic tumors of the larynx: a clinicopathological study with review of the literature.

A case of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the larynx occurring in a 58-year-old man is described. This neoplasm is extremely rare in the larynx and the case reported (the second described by me) is the fifth so far reported in the world literature. The patient died after 19 months from first surgical treatment and the autopsy confirmed the histological diagnosis. The cases of histiocytic tumors of the larynx previously reported in the literature are re-examined and reclassified. Biological behavior and the therapy of the tumor, as well as differential diagnosis from other neoplasms, are discussed.     

Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the larynx

Sarcomas constitute fewer than 1% of the head and neck cancers. They represent less than 1% of laryngeal cancers. Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the larynx is an extremely rare malignancy. The available literature on this medical oddity is in the form of isolated case reports only. The purpose of this article is to add another case of primary rhabdomyosarcoma of a rare site, the larynx, of which only 36 cases have so far been reported in the world literature. The present patient, an eighteen-year-old boy is only the third case being reported from India among all reported cases of rhabdomyosarcoma of the larynx in the world literature.     

221例晚期喉鳞癌患者术后的生存和预后分析

背景与目的：目前晚期喉鳞癌患者的预后差,针对晚期喉癌预后的相关因素的研究结果差异较大。本研究旨在总结晚期喉癌的临床特征和治疗方法,探讨影响晚期（Ⅲ～Ⅳ期）喉鳞状细胞癌患者术后生存和预后的临床病理因素。方法：回顾性分析1990年1月至2003年12月中山大学肿瘤防治中心221例晚期喉鳞癌患者的临床病理资料。应用Kaplan—Meier法分析生存结果。通过Cox回归模型确立影响患者生存预后的独立因素,并建立晚期喉鳞癌的预后模型。结果：本组221例晚期喉鳞癌患者术后的中位生存时间为96个月．2年和5年无瘤生存率分别为60．0％和43．0％;2年和5年累积生存率分别为76．9％和51．1％。Ⅲ期喉癌的无瘤和累积生存率均高于Ⅳ期;术后放疗可以提高切缘阳性患者的生存率;行部分喉切除术的患者的生存率与全喉切除术者相近。年龄、解剖分型、病理分期、手术切缘和放射治疗为影响患者无瘤生存的独立因素：而年龄、病理分期和手术切缘是影响患者累积生存率的独立因素。结论：晚期喉鳞癌患者预后差,影响患者术后累积生存率的独立因素为年龄、病理分期和手术切缘。     

Atypical angiofibroma of larynx — a case report

Primary extra nasopharyngeal angiofibroma of larynx is a very rare tumour. We here by present a case of angiofibroma of larynx affecting the anterior commissure & subglottic region in larynx-a rare site of involvement.     

Steroid hormone receptors in human squamous carcinoma cell lines

Specific estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors were determined in 19 well-characterized squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines. Ten of the lines were derived from patients with SCC of the larynx and nine were from patients with SCC originating in other areas of the head and neck. Estrogen receptors (ER) were found in seven of 10 cell lines derived from squamous cancers of the larynx (70%) but in only one of the nine SCC cell lines from sites other than larynx. Progesterone receptors (PGR) were more evenly distributed. Eight of the 10 laryngeal carcinoma cell lines (80%) and five of the nine non-laryngeal SCC lines (55%) had progesterone receptors. Only one cell line, UM-SCC-10B (derived from a recurrent carcinoma of the larynx) was found to express androgen receptors (AR). Expression of specific estrogen receptors was not dependent on the sex of the patients since lines from both males and females contained receptors. These results establish that squamous carcinoma cell lines may express specific steroid hormone receptors and that cell lines from cancers of the larynx (an organ known to be androgen-responsive) are more likely to express estrogen receptors than androgen receptors. From this initial survey it appears that there is a striking difference in estrogen and progesterone receptor content between SCC cell lines originating from larynx cancers and cell lines established from squamous carcinomas of other head and neck regions. The presence of estrogen receptors in a high proportion of laryngeal carcinoma cell lines suggests that hormonal therapy may be a useful adjunctive therapy in selected patients with cancer of the larynx.     

Larynx squamous cell carcinoma: concepts and future directions

The larynx is one of the most important structures in the upper aerodigestive tract. Functional impairment of the larynx is a bur-den to patients who suffer from laryngeal carcinoma, the second most common cancer of the head and neck region after the oral cavity.     

Osteosarcoma of the soft tissue of the larynx: report of a case with light and electron microscopic studies.

A case of osteosarcoma arising in the soft tissue of the larynx in an elderly man is presented with light and electron microscopic documentation. The patient developed chronic hoarseness and a recurring polypoid laryngeal tumor, causing acute airway obstruction. He was treated by total laryngectomy, but he died with multiple pulmonary metastases within three months of laryngectomy. This is the third (or possibly fourth) recorded case of osteosarcoma arising in the soft tissues of the larynx, and the previous cases were clinically and pathologically similar to this one. The prognosis of sarcoma of the larynx is poor but may be improved with early recognition and adequate surgical excision.     

Approaches to preserve larynx function in locally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer

Randomized controlled studies have shown that preservation of the larynx function in patients with advanced resectable laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer is possible without compromising survival compared to total laryngectomy (TL). Options for preserving the larynx include function-sparing surgery, radiotherapy alone, induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy of responders, and concomitant radiochemotherapy. The current data suggest that induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy of responders is an acceptable alternative to TL for patients desiring larynx preservation. Concomitant radiochemotherapy (platinum/5-FU) leads to superior local control and larynx preservation rates compared to induction chemotherapy followed by radiation. The optimal treatment sequence for newer cytotoxic agents is, however, unclear. Such cytotoxic agents and more effective fractionation regimens as well as more advanced surgical techniques are currently evaluated. Predictive tests to successfully stratify patients for the optimal treatment option and more effective systemic therapy are needed to improve therapeutic possibilities and survival.     

Time trends of lung and larynx cancers in Italy

During the period 1970-1989, age-adjusted mortality rates for lung cancer in Italy increased by more than 50%, while rates for larynx cancer in males decreased by approximately 13%. This study aims to interpret this difference, which seems to contradict the finding that cigarette smoking is a common major risk factor for both lung and larynx cancer. To this end, we jointly analyzed the time trends of incidence, survival and mortality. We first examined survival data taken from the population-based Lombardy Cancer Registry (northern Italy). Based on data referring to 860 incident cases of larynx cancer, diagnosed during the period 1976-1987, we estimated a 3% annual increase in relative survival. By contrast, no significant period effect was observed for survival rates of 2,259 incident cases of lung cancer. National incidence rates were estimated using official mortality data and the above-described survival data. Age-adjusted estimated incidence rates increased, from 1970 to 1989, for both cancer sites: +55% for male lung, +56% for female lung, and +22% for male larynx. Moreover, the patterns of birth-cohort effect, which are diverging for mortality, are nearly parallel with regard to incidence. This analysis suggests that a substantial improvement in survival of larynx cancer patients may largely explain the differences in mortality trends for cancer of lung and larynx. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The role of E-cadherin/catenin complex in laryngeal cancer

In this review the role of the epithelial E-cadherin/catenin complex in cases of laryngeal cancer is discussed. Cancer of the larynx remains the second most common head and neck malignancy. The E-cadherin/catenin complex expression is abnormal in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Loss or reduction of E-cadherin expression is especially observed in supraglottic larynx cancer in relation with poor histological differentiation and/or lymph nodes metastases. Controversial results in some studies regarding the role of the E-cadherin/catenin complex in various anatomical parts of the larynx have been reported. Further studies are needed to establish the importance of the E-cadherin/catenin complex as a potential biomarker in laryngeal cancer diagnosis and prognosis.     

Isolated Laryngeal Lymphangioma: A Rarity

Lymphangiomas are uncommon congenital lesions of the lymphatic system, most often located in the head and neck. Most of these lesions manifest in children less than 2 years of age. Involvement of the larynx in isolation is rare and only a few cases have been reported so far. We report the case of a thirteen-year-old girl who presented with a swelling in the supraglottis. Excision of the mass was done after tracheotomy. Histopathological diagnosis was lymphangioma of the larynx. After a follow up of 15 months the patient is free of recurrence with all functions of larynx being normal.     

近交系F344大鼠喉移植改良模型的建立

背景与目的:喉为非生命必需器官,喉移植研究一直滞后于其它生命必需器官的移植,然而,一旦宿主对移植喉的免疫耐受诱导成功,那么,喉移植将是晚期喉癌治疗和喉功能重建的重要手段。本研究的目的在于建立改良鼠喉移植模型,提高受体鼠和移植喉的存活率,为喉移植抗免疫排斥和免疫耐受诱导研究提供动物模型。方法:采用近交系F344大白鼠建立喉移植Strome模型,并对该模型进行改良:供体喉切取时保留甲状腺上动脉和咽升动脉,形成舌骨、舌根、下咽、喉、甲状腺、部分颈段食管、气管的移植复合体,移植喉血运通过供体鼠双侧颈总动脉分别与受体鼠颈总动脉和颈前静脉端-端吻合重建,术中行对侧颈外静脉穿刺补液,术后皮下注射补液。术后1周解剖移植喉,观察移植喉大体形态和血管通畅情况,常规病理检查评价移植喉的组织变化和存活状况,对比Strome模型和改良模型的受体鼠及移植喉存活率。结果:StromeA组、StromeB组、改良组的受体鼠存活率和各组移植喉存活率分别为70%(14/20)、85%(17/20)、95%(19/20)和30%(6/20)、40%(8/20)、80%(16/20),改良模型优于Strome模型。结论:与Strome模型比较,改良模型加强围手术期的处理,降低受体鼠的死亡率;将咽升动脉及其分支包含在移植复合体中,增加移植血管蒂中喉供血动脉的侧支循环,降低侧支循环阻力,减少微循环障碍的发生率,提高移植喉的存活率。