黄芪甲甙对病毒性心肌炎小鼠心肌中TL1A 表达的影响及意义

目的：观察黄芪甲甙干预的病毒性心肌炎(viral myocarditis,VMC)小鼠中TL1A表达的影响,探讨黄芪甲 甙治疗VMC的作用机制。方法：取Balb/c小鼠100只,随机分成6组。非感染小鼠腹腔无菌注射不含病毒的Eagle’s培 养液0.1 mL,分为正常对照组10只,以羧甲基纤维素钠0.1 mL灌胃7 d;高剂量对照组10只,9%黄芪甲甙0.1 mL灌胃 7 d;余80只小鼠以腹腔无菌注射0.1 mL内含1×102 50%组织感染率(TCID50)柯萨奇病毒B3(Coxsachievirus B3, CVB3)的Eagle’s培养液制作VMC模型。VMC小鼠随机分为心肌炎对照组和低、中、高剂量干预组,分别以生理盐水 和1%,3%,9%黄芪甲甙[分别为0.07,0.2,0.6 g/(kg.d)]0.1 mL灌胃7 d(每组20只)。14 d后处死全部小鼠并取其心脏。 采用RT-PCR及免疫组织化学分别检测心肌TL1A mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果：正常对照组和高剂量对照组无小鼠 死亡,心肌炎对照组有大量小鼠死亡,死亡率为45%(9/20),低、中、高剂量干预组小鼠死亡率分别为30%(6/20), 25%(5/20),10%(2/20),高剂量干预组小鼠死亡率较心肌炎对照组明显降低(P<0.05),而低、中剂量干预组小鼠死亡 率与心肌炎对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);正常对照组和高剂量对照组心肌未见任何病理改变,然而两 组心肌中均有一定量的TL1A mRNA及蛋白表达,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),心肌炎对照组TL1A mRNA及 蛋白表达水平明显增加,与正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),心肌炎小鼠经不同剂量黄芪甲甙干预后, 与对照组相比,在高剂量干预组显著下降(P<0.01),而低、中剂量黄芪甲甙对心肌炎小鼠TL1A mRNA、蛋白表达水 平以及心肌病变积分无明显影响(P>0.05)。结论：黄芪甲甙治疗VMC可能通过抑制炎症介质、降低TL1A的表达而起 作用。     

黄芪甲甙在Balb/C小鼠CVB3病毒性心肌炎中抗凋亡作用的机制

目的 观察黄芪甲甙对Balb/C小鼠CVB3病毒性心肌炎心肌细胞凋亡的影响,探讨黄芪甲甙抗心肌细胞凋亡的可能机制.方法 Balb/C小鼠50只随机分5组(每组10只).空白对照组:腹腔无菌注射不含病毒的Eagle's培养基0.1 mL,在腹腔注射病毒培养基30 min后,以生理盐水0.1 mL灌胃,共7天;病毒性心肌炎对照组:小鼠每只腹腔注射0.1 mL内含1×105TCID50 CVB3 的Eagle's培养基,在腹腔注射含病毒的Eagle's培养基30 min后,以生理盐水0.1 mL灌胃,共7天;黄芪甲甙低、中、高剂量干预组:在腹腔注射病毒30 min后,用黄芪甲甙[具体剂量分别为0.07、0.2、0.6 mg/(kg·d)]0.1 mL灌胃,共7天.采用缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测心肌凋亡细胞,免疫组织化学检测Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测Bcl-2、Bax基因的表达,并利用图像分析系统测量平均光密度值进行半定量分析.结果 与空白对照组比较,病毒性心肌炎对照组心肌细胞凋亡发生率增高;抑制凋亡因子Bcl-2基因及蛋白表达下降,而促进凋亡因子Bax基因及蛋白表达增强,Bcl-2/Bax mRNA比值降低.与病毒性心肌炎对照组比较,黄芪甲甙高剂量干预组能降低CVB3病毒性心肌炎心肌细胞的凋亡指数,Bcl-2基因及蛋白水平表达增强,Bax基因及蛋白水平表达下降.结论 黄芪甲甙在Balb/C小鼠CVB3病毒性心肌炎中抗凋亡作用机制可能是促进了抑制凋亡基因Bcl-2表达,抑制了促凋亡Bax基因表达.     

LIGHT在病毒性心肌炎中的表达及意义

目的 探讨LIGHT在实验性病毒性心肌炎(VM)小鼠中的表达及其意义.方法 60只小鼠随机分为心肌炎组(n=50)和对照组(n=10),心肌炎组腹腔接种0.1mL柯萨奇B3病毒(CVB3)复制VM动物模型,于接种后7、14和28 d处死,对照组腹腔接种0.1 mL Eagle's液,于第28天处死,采用RT-PCR、免疫组织化学检测心肌LIGHT mRNA及蛋白表达,ELISA测定血清LIGHT浓度,HE染色检查心肌病理变化,并对心肌炎组血清LIGHT浓度与心肌病变积分进行相关性分析.结果 心肌炎组各时点心肌LIGHT mRNA及蛋白表达水平、血清LIGHT浓度均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),并且心肌炎组血清LIGHT浓度与心肌病变积分呈正相关(r=0.81,P＜0.05).结论 LIGHT可能在VM发病机制中起重要作用,血清LIGHT浓度能反映心肌炎的严重程度,可作为VM病情判断的一个血清学指标.     

黄芪总黄酮对柯萨奇B3病毒所致病毒性心肌炎小鼠急性期心肌组织连接蛋白43mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨黄芪总黄酮（TFA）对柯萨奇 B_3 病毒性心肌炎（VMC）小鼠急性期心肌组织缝隙连接蛋白 43（connexin 43,Cx43）mRNA 表达的影响,探讨 TFA 对 VMC 并发心律失常发挥作用的机制。方法 Balb/c 小鼠腹腔注射柯萨奇 B_3 病毒感染建立 VMC 小鼠模型,予黄芪总黄酮各剂量组以不同剂量的 TFA 灌胃治疗;对照组及病毒感染组给予生理盐水灌胃,第 14 天无痛苦处死全部小鼠并留取心脏。使用 real-time PCR 技术比较各组心肌组织 Cx43mRNA 的水平。结果 TFA 各剂量组 Cx43 mRNA 表达明显高于模型组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 TFA 能明显提高 CVB 心肌炎小鼠急性期心肌组织 Cx43 mRNA 表达。     

黄芪甲甙对香烟烟雾暴露大鼠肺组织Nrf2表达的影响

目的 探讨熏烟对大鼠肺组织Nrf2表达的影响以及黄芪甲甙(AS-IV)干预对Nrf2表达的调控作用.方法 将30只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(Ctrl),高剂量黄芪对照组(AH),熏烟模型组(CS),熏烟+低剂量黄芪组(CS+AL),熏烟+中剂量黄芪组(CS+AM),熏烟+高剂量黄芪组(CS+AH),每组5只大鼠.除Ctrl组和AH组外,其它各组大鼠接受染毒柜被动吸烟4周,建立熏烟模型.CS+AL组、CS+AM组和CS+AH组在熏烟前分别给予1.2 mg/(kg·d)、2.4 mg/(kg·d)、3.6 mg/(kg·d)黄芪甲甙灌胃.AH组给予3.6 mg/(kg·d)黄芪甲甙灌胃.造模结束后留取肺组织,采用HE染色观察肺部形态学改变,免疫组化、RT-PCR、Western blot方法检测Nrf2的表达.结果 吸烟诱导大鼠气道上皮Nrf2阳性表达升高,同时吸烟上调大鼠肺组织Nrf2基因和蛋白水平的表达.黄芪甲甙能剂量依赖性降低Nrf2在熏烟大鼠气道上皮和肺组织的表达.结论 吸烟可以引起大鼠肺组织Nrf2表达升高,黄芪甲甙可以下调吸烟诱导的Nrf2 的高表达.     

CD28单克隆抗体对病毒性心肌炎小鼠的治疗作用

目的探讨CD28单克隆抗体（CD28 mAb）对柯萨奇病毒B3（CVB3）病毒性心肌炎（VMC）小鼠的死亡率、心肌病理改变及病毒滴度的影响。方法随机将106只BALB/c小鼠分为CD28 mAb组16只、病毒组40只、IgG组40只及正常对照组10只，腹腔注射半数组织感染量(TCID50 )为10-6/mL的柯萨奇B3病毒0.15?mL，正常对照组接种0.15?mL?的Eagle氏液。CD28 mAb组、IgG组接种病毒后6、72?h分别接种CD28 mAb(0.1?mg/kg)和IgG(0.1mg/kg)。于接种病毒后第7天处死所有小鼠，取心脏，在光镜下观察心肌病理变化，采用实时荧光定量PCR（RQ-PCR）检测心肌组织中CVB3mRNA的表达。结果CD28单克隆抗体组小鼠死亡率、心肌病理积分、心肌CVB3mRNA均低于病毒对照组(P均＜0.05)。结论CD28单克隆抗体可降低心肌病毒滴度，减轻VMC小鼠心肌炎症，降低VMC小鼠死亡率。     

黄芪甲甙对实验性肺纤维化大鼠瘦素表达的影响

目的 研究黄芪甲武对肺纤维化大鼠的治疗作用及对肺组织中瘦素表达的影响.方法 36只SD大鼠,随机分为对照组、模型组和黄芪甲甙干预组.模型组和干预组气管内注射博来霉素( BLM,5 mg/kg)诱导肺纤维化,对照组在相同条件下给予生理盐水.第二天起干预组大鼠每天经胃管灌服0.1 g/L黄芪甲甙2mL,其余两组相同条件下给予生理盐水.治疗的第7天和第28天,处死动物取出肺组织,进行病理学观察;用免疫组化和RT-PCR观察各组鼠肺组织瘦素蛋白及mRNA表达的水平.结果 病理学观察显示:与模型组比较,干预组肺泡炎和纤维化程度均减轻;与模型组比较,干预组瘦素蛋白及mRNA表达显著降低.结论 黄芪甲甙可能通过抑制瘦素的过度表达,对实验性大鼠肺纤维化具有良好的治疗作用.     

抗心肌肌球蛋白抗体在慢性病毒性心肌炎小鼠中的表达及卡托普利、氧化苦参碱的干预效果

目的 观察抗心肌肌球蛋白抗体(AMA)在慢性病毒性心肌炎(VMC)小鼠中的表达,比较卡托普利和氧化苦参碱的干预效果.方法 以柯萨奇病毒B_3株(CVB_3)重复增量感染(第0、14、28天,剂量分别为0.20、0.25、0.30mL)BALB/c小鼠建立慢性VMC(n=60)模型,正常对照组(n=8)同期腹腔注射等体积生理盐水.42d将慢性VMC模型组存活小鼠随机分为慢性VMC对照组(n=8)、卡托普利干预组(n=8)及氧化苦参碱干预组(n=8),干预28d后,即实验第70天杀死各组小鼠.称取小鼠心脏质量,计算心脏与体质量比值;分别以苏木素-伊红(HE)、苦味酸天狼猩红行心肌组织及心肌胶原组织特异性染色,运用图像分析软件计算心肌组织中胶原容积积分(CVF,%);酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测实验小鼠血清中AMA的表达,以光密度值(OD值)>(x-)+2s为阳性组,<(x-)+2s为阴性组.结果 慢性VMC组小鼠在实验第70天心脏与体质量比值、CVF及血清中AMA OD值均较正常对照组增高(P均<0.01).卡托普利及氧化苦参碱干预后心脏与体质量比值、CVF较慢性VMC组降低(P均<0.01),血清中AMA OD值较慢性VMC组降低(P<0.05).AMA阳性组心脏与体质量比值、CVF及OD值均较阴性组增高(P均<0.01).结论 慢性VMC小鼠血清中AMA表达增高,卡托普利及氧化苦参碱可下调AMA的表达,抑制慢性VMC小鼠的心肌重构.     

病毒性心肌炎小鼠凋亡基因表达及卡维地洛的干预作用

目的 探讨新型β受体阻滞剂卡维地洛对病毒性心肌炎(VMC)小鼠Bcl-2/Bax凋亡基因表达的影响.方法 4周龄Balb/c雄性小鼠随机分为心肌炎组、卡维地洛治疗组(卡维地洛组)和对照组.心肌炎组和卡维地洛组经腹腔接种柯萨奇病毒B3(CVB3)诱发急性VMC,对照组接种不含病毒的RPMI 1640培养基.卡维地洛组于接种病毒次日开始灌服卡维地洛5 mg/kg,每日2次;心肌炎组和对照组灌服生理盐水.于接种后的第7、14天小鼠取血后处死,留取心脏标本,苏木精-伊红染色检测心肌病理积分、逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术检测Bcl-2 mRNA和Bax mRNA表达.结果 心肌炎组心肌组织病理积分较对照组增高(P＜0.01),卡维地洛组较心肌炎组病理积分降低(P＜0.05);与对照组比较,心肌炎组Bcl-2 mRNA和Bax mRNA表达均增高(P＜0.01),Bcl-2 mRNA/Bax mRNA比值降低;与心肌炎组比较,卡维地洛组Bcl-2 mRNA表达增高、Bax mRNA表达降低,Bcl-2 mRN/Bax mRNA比值增高(均为P＜0.01).结论 CVB性心肌炎心肌病理损害与凋亡基因Bcl-2/Bax表达异常有关,卡维地洛能够通过抑制Bax基因、增强Bcl-2基因表达减轻心脏损害.     

缬沙坦对慢性病毒性心肌炎小鼠Th17/Treg免疫平衡的影响

目的观察血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)缬沙坦对慢性病毒性心肌炎(VMC)小鼠Th17与CD4+CD25+Treg细胞的平衡状态及心肌病变的影响,探讨ARB对慢性VMC的作用及其机制。方法以柯萨奇病毒(CVB3)重复增量感染(第1、14、28天剂量分别为0.20、0.25、0.30 mL)BABL/c组小鼠建立慢性VMC模型(n=36),对照组(n=6)同期腹腔注射等体积生理盐水。42 d将慢性VMC模型组存活小鼠随机分为慢性VMC组和缬沙坦组,干预28 d后,处死各组小鼠。处死前测量各组小鼠血压、心脏质量和体质量;脾脏中提取淋巴细胞,采用流式细胞术检测Th17和CD4+CD25+Treg细胞比例;采用Real Time-PCR法检测Foxp3和IL-17的mRNA在心肌中的表达;心肌行HE和Masson染色;心脏超声检查小鼠心脏功能。结果各组小鼠血压水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。慢性VMC组小鼠心脏质量/体质量比(HW/BW)大于缬沙坦干预组和对照组(P<0.01),慢性VMC组小鼠脾脏中Th17细胞的比例、IL-17、病理积分明显高于缬沙坦组和对照组(P<0.01),而CD4+CD25+Treg细胞的比例、Foxp3低于缬沙坦组和对照组(P<0.05)。缬沙坦组小鼠心功能较慢性VMC组明显改善。结论病毒性心肌炎小鼠外周血中存在Th17/Treg失衡,且与心肌病变有相关性,缬沙坦可通过调节Th17/Treg平衡,减轻慢性VMC自身免疫损伤,避免向扩张型心肌病进展。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.