Effectiveness of percutaneous laser disc decompression versus conventional open discectomy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation; design of a prospective randomized controlled trial

Background  

The usual surgical treatment of refractory sciatica caused by lumbar disc herniation, is open discectomy. Minimally invasive procedures, including percutaneous therapies under local anesthesia, are increasingly gaining attention. One of these treatments is Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression (PLDD). This treatment can be carried out in an outpatient setting and swift recovery and return to daily routine are suggested. Thus far, no randomized trial into cost-effectiveness of PLDD versus standard surgical procedure has been performed. We present the design of a randomized controlled trial, studying the cost-effectiveness of PLDD versus conventional open discectomy in patients with sciatica from lumbar disc herniation.     

椎间盘镜下腰椎间盘髓核摘除术的疗效

目的 探讨椎间盘镜下腰椎间盘髓核摘除术的手术要点和早期疗效。方法 在椎间盘镜直视下对50例单间隙腰椎间盘突出症患者行突出髓核摘除术，并进行疗效分析。结果 患者均在术后10天出院，平均随访9.34个月，临床疗效优良率96%，无严重手术并发症，术后CT检查显示突出椎间盘已摘除，脊髓及神经根已获得充分减压。结论 椎间盘镜下腰椎间盘髓核摘除术创伤小，患者术后恢复快，疗效肯定，是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的有效方法之一。     

Microendoscopic discectomy versus open discectomy for lumbar disc herniation: a meta-analysis

Purpose

To compare the outcomes of microendoscopic discectomy and open discectomy for patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Methods

An extensive search of studies was performed in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane library and Google Scholar. The following outcome measures were extracted: visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), complication, operation time, blood loss and length of hospital stay. Data analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.0.

Results

Five randomized controlled trials involving 501 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the VAS, ODI or complication between the two groups. However, compared with the open discectomy, the microendoscopic discectomy was associated with less blood loss [WMD = ?151.01 (?288.22, ?13.80), P = 0.03], shorter length of hospital stay [WMD = ?69.33 (?110.39, ?28.28), P = 0.0009], and longer operation time [WMD = 18.80 (7.83, 29.76), P = 0.0008].

Conclusions

Microendoscopic discectomy, which requires a demanding learning curve, may be a safe and effective alternative to conventional open discectomy for patients with lumbar disc herniation.

     

退变性巨大型腰椎间盘突出症的椎间盘镜治疗策略

目的通过回顾性研究,探讨腰椎间盘镜下治疗退变性巨大型腰椎间盘突出症的策略和疗效。方法2005年6月至2007年9月,经椎间盘镜下治疗37例退变性巨大型腰椎间盘突出症患者,男29例,女8例;年龄33～65岁,平均43．6岁;L3-4 2例,L4-5 21例,L5S1 14例。患者均有不同程度的腰骶部不适或疼痛,其中17例伴双侧下肢症状,15例伴单侧下肢症状,5例伴大小便功能障碍。术后采用Maenab疗效标准评估手术效果。结果术后随访3～12个月。优良30例,可2例,优良率81．1％。手术切口均一期愈合,无神经根损伤、椎间隙感染及脑脊液漏等并发症。结论运用椎间盘镜工作通道,采用椎板间隙入路通过单侧或双侧椎板开窗术,治疗退变性巨大型腰椎间盘症,既可切除突出椎间盘组织,解除硬膜囊和神经根压迫,又可最大限度保护脊柱的稳定性,取得满意的临床疗效。     

显微镜与椎间盘镜辅助腰椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效的对比分析

目的 报道显微镜辅助直视下腰间盘切除术与椎间盘镜辅助腰间盘切除术两种不同手术方法治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效.方法 比较分析显微镜与椎间盘镜辅助下的两种不同手术方法治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症病例,治疗病例分别为33例和36例.比较手术时间、术中出血量、并发症、住院天数、术前及术后腰腿疼痛的JOAS(Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score)及VAS(Visual Analog Scales)评分、围手术期并发症等指标.结果 所有病例平均随访2年2个月(11个月至4年),2组术前及术后腰腿疼痛的JOAS及VAS评分、围手术期并发症、住院天数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而在手术时间、术中出血量上差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 显微镜辅助直视下腰间盘切除术与椎间盘镜辅助腰间盘切除术治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症均疗效满意,均为理想的微创手术方法.     

显微内窥镜腰椎间盘切除系统治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的分析显微内窥镜腰椎间盘切除系统(MED)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的技术特点和疗效。方法54例腰椎间盘突出症行MED治疗,手术采用后路椎间盘镜手术进行“开窗”减压,髓核摘除术及神经根减压。结果随访6~12个月,按照Macnab标准:优40例,良6例,可4例,优良率92.6%。结论该方法适用于腰椎间盘突出症或伴轻度侧隐窝、神经根管狭窄的患者,近期疗效好且具有创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快等优点。     

椎间盘镜与传统开放术治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效和安全性比较的Meta分析

目的:比较椎间盘镜与传统开放椎间盘摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效与安全性。方法:在中国生物医药数据库,CNKI数据库,重庆VIP数据库和万方数据库进行系统文献检索。Meta统计分析使用RevMan4.2软件完成。对两种手术方法的优良率、手术时间、术中失血量、术后卧床休息时间、恢复日常活动时间、住院或手术后住院天数,以及并发症进行比较。结果:总共纳入了20篇文献,其中2957例患者行椎间盘镜术,而2130例患者行传统开放椎间盘摘除术。有12篇报道比较了两种治疗方法的手术时间,11篇比较了术中失血量,7篇比较了术后卧床休息时间,5篇进行了术后恢复日常活动所需时间的比较,另外分别有4篇比较了住院日及术后住院天数。其中有10篇文献提到了手术并发症。与开放手术比较,椎间盘镜治疗的患者有较高的优良率[OR=1.29,95%CI(1.03,1.62)],术中出血量少[OR=-63.67,95%CI(-86.78,-40.55)],更少的卧床休息时间[OR=-15.33,95%CI(-17.76,-12.90)],恢复日常活动所需时间更短[OR=-24.41,95%CI(-36.86,-11.96)],更少住院日[OR=-5.00,95%CI(-6.94,-3.06)]或手术后住院天数[OR=-7.47,95%CI(-9.17,-5.77)]。但是在手术并发症发生率和手术时间方面,两者之间差异无统计学意义。结论:椎间盘镜与传统开放术治疗腰椎间盘突出症均是安全有效的,手术并发症发生率相当。与传统手术比较,椎间盘镜治疗出血量少,术后卧床休息天数及住院日短,并且能更快地恢复日常生活。选择哪种手术方式主要根据患者的适应证,在相同适应证的情况下椎间盘镜手术应该被推荐。     

后路椎间盘镜与微创小切口治疗腰椎间盘突出症的对比研究

目的对比后路椎间盘镜（MED）与微创小切口治疗腰椎间盘突出症的手术疗效。方法采川MED治疗腰椎间盘突出症56例,微创小切口手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症58例,将两者的手术疗效进行统计学分析。结果采用NAKAI评定标准,两组优良率比较差异无统计学意义（p〉0．05）。结论MED与常规手术组治疗腰椎间盘突出症状疗效相当,各有优缺点,两者可根据具体情况选用。     

显微内镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症远期效果评价

目的探讨显微内镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症远期效果. 方法回顾性分析218例经显微内镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症远期疗效,术后随访3年以上,采用日本骨科学会下腰痛评分标准(JOA)进行疗效评定. 结果本组病例术后随访3年以上,优121例,良80例,可16例,差1例,优良率92.2%(201/218).结论显微内镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症远期疗效确切,娴熟的操作技巧和术后正确指导患者康复训练是确保手术效果的关键.     

后路椎间盘镜治疗老年多节段腰椎间盘突出症的疗效观察

目的探讨采用后路椎间盘镜治疗老年多节段腰椎间盘突出症的技术特点及疗效。方法对19例老年多节段腰椎间盘突出症患者行后路椎间盘镜治疗。结果所有病例均获随访,时间3个月～2年。疗效评定按Macnab标准,优15例,良3例,可1例。结论后路椎间盘镜具有创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快的优点,是治疗老年多节段腰椎间盘突出症有效且安全的手术方法。     

MED椎间盘镜手术38例

目的 探讨经椎间盘镜治疗旁侧型腰椎间盘突出症或合并侧隐窝狭窄症的方法及疗效。方法 采用脊柱后路椎间盘镜技术（MED）行旁侧型腰椎间盘突出物摘除及侧隐窝扩大术38例。结果 35例获随访,时间3-11个月（平均6个月）。疗效优31例、良3例、可1例。无差级疗效及相关并发症发生。结论 MED除能达到解除临床症状的目的外,主要优势为微创、腰椎后结构及软组织损伤小、出血少、患者乐于接受;旁侧型腰椎间盘突出症或合并侧隐窝狭窄症为最佳适应证;操作者必须具备熟练的常规椎间盘手术技巧。     

The NEtherlands Cervical Kinematics (NECK) Trial. Cost-effectiveness of anterior cervical discectomy with or without interbody fusion and arthroplasty in the treatment of cervical disc herniation; a double-blind randomised multicenter study

Background  

Patients with cervical radicular syndrome due to disc herniation refractory to conservative treatment are offered surgical treatment. Anterior cervical discectomy is the standard procedure, often in combination with interbody fusion. Accelerated adjacent disc degeneration is a known entity on the long term. Recently, cervical disc prostheses are developed to maintain motion and possibly reduce the incidence of adjacent disc degeneration. A comparative cost-effectiveness study focused on adjacent segment degeneration and functional outcome has not been performed yet. We present the design of the NECK trial, a randomised study on cost-effectiveness of anterior cervical discectomy with or without interbody fusion and arthroplasty in patients with cervical disc herniation.     

Anterior discectomy and total disc replacement for three patients with multiple recurrent lumbar disc herniations

Background context

Although results of primary discectomy are generally excellent with relief of leg pain, recurrent lumbar disc herniation is relatively common ranging from 5% to 25%. Patients with recurrent herniation may undergo revision surgery; however, this carries with it increased risks and lower success rates. Many surgeons will advocate a fusion in addition to repeat discectomy after the third recurrent herniated disc. With the approval of lumbar total disc arthroplasty, there now exists another option for the patient with three or more recurrent disc herniations to preserve motion, theoretically decrease the rate of adjacent-level disease, and ameliorate the patient’s symptoms.

Purpose

The purpose of this case report is to describe our experience using total disc replacement (TDR) in three patients after prior partial hemilaminectomy and discectomy for the treatment of a third and fourth recurrent lumbar disc herniation.

Study design

This article is a report of three cases from a spine specialty center describing an alternative surgical technique for patients with multiple recurrent lumbar disc herniation.

Methods

Comprehensive chart review of three patients with recurrent lumbar herniation who underwent TDR.

Results

Anterior discectomy and TDR were undertaken, and at most recent follow-up (8–12 months), all patients had improvement of their visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index. No patient had postoperative complications or reoperation.

Conclusions

Recurrent disc herniation is a relatively common problem that may be difficult to treat. Traditionally, a patient presenting with three or more recurrent disc herniation may likely have undergone revision discectomy with fusion. The current case report suggests that TDR may be an alternative option in select patients.     

Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for upper lumbar disc herniation: clinical outcome, prognostic factors, and technical consideration

Background

Compared with lower lumbar disc herniations, upper lumbar disc herniations at L1–L2 and L2–L3 have specific characteristics that result in different surgical outcomes after conventional open discectomy. There are no published studies on the feasibility of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for upper lumbar disc herniation. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical outcome, prognostic factors and the technical pitfalls of PELD for upper lumbar disc herniation.

Method

Forty-five patients with a soft disc herniation at L1–L2 or L2–L3 underwent percutaneous endoscopic discectomy. Posterolateral transforaminal endoscopic laser-assisted disc removal was performed under local anesthesia. Clinical outcomes was assessed using the Prolo scale. The prognostic factors associated with outcome were then analyzed.

Findings

The mean follow-up was 38.8 months (range, 25–52 months). The outcome of the 45 patients was excellent in 21 (46.7%), good in 14 patients (31.1%), fair in six patients (13.3%), and poor in four patients (8.9%). Four patients with a poor outcome underwent further open surgery. Mean scores on a visual analog scale decreased from 8.38 to 2.36 (P?<?0.0001). Age less than 45 years and a lateral disc herniation were independently associated with an excellent outcome (P?<?0.05).

Conclusions

Patient selection and an anatomically modified surgical technique promote a more successful outcome after percutaneous endoscopic discectomy for upper lumbar disc herniation.     

显微内镜髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨显微内镜髓核摘除术(microendoscopic discectomy,MED)治疗腰椎间盘突出症或伴有腰椎管狭窄的疗效.方法216例采用髓核钳清除椎板上方的软组织,刮匙刺破黄韧带,枪式咬骨钳咬除黄韧带及部分椎板下缘,牵开神经根,暴露突出髓核并摘除,伴侧隐窝狭窄者扩大成形.结果2例术中出血多改为开放手术.216例随访3个月～4年,平均2.5年.按Nakai疗效评定标准:优210例,良2例,可1例,差3例,优良率98.1%(212/216).2例术后3个月疗效差,二次开放手术;1例因腰椎间盘突出症伴椎体间轻度结核,漏诊结核致手术效果差.结论MED治疗腰椎间盘突出症创伤小,对脊柱结构稳定性的破坏小,术后病人恢复快,临床疗效满意.     

经皮椎间孔内窥镜下手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的近期疗效观察

目的:评价经皮椎间孔内窥镜下椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的近期临床效果。方法:2009年9月～2010年3月应用经皮椎间孔内窥镜下椎间盘切除术治疗30例腰椎间盘突出症患者,男19例,女11例,年龄18～60岁,平均40.8岁;病程3个月～4年,平均9个月。术前患者均表现为腰痛伴单侧下肢放射性疼痛,均为单间隙突出,侧方型突出25例,旁中央型突出5例。均采用局部麻醉下手术。术前、术后不同时间对患者腰、腿痛进行VAS评分;采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估腰椎功能改善情况;术后6个月随访时采用Mac-Nab标准评价疗效。结果:30例患者均成功实施手术,手术时间55～135min,平均75min,术中出血5～30ml,平均12ml。术后第二天戴腰围下地行走。1例术后患侧膝反射减弱;1例术后腰痛缓解,出院后腿痛加重,均经保守治疗后恢复正常或症状缓解。随访6～12个月,平均9.2个月。腰痛、腿痛VAS由术前的平均6.5分、8.7分下降到术后6个月时的1.9分、1.5分,与术前比较均有显著性差异﹙P<0.01﹚。ODI由术前平均77.38%下降至术后6个月时的平均19.09%。根据MacNab标准,术后6个月时随访优10例(33.3%),良16例(53.3%),可3例(10%),差1例(3.3%),优良率86.6%。结论:经皮椎间孔内窥镜下椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症创伤小,并发症少,术后恢复快,近期疗效较满意。     

Full endoscopic contralateral transforaminal discectomy for distally migrated lumbar disc herniation

Background  

Discectomy of distally, inferiorly migrated disc herniations below midpedicle level of the vertebral body in the lower lumbar spine is known to be very difficult by endoscopy. The purpose of this study was to introduce the technical possibility of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy using a contralateral transforaminal approach for distally migrated disc herniation.     

椎间盘镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的：评价椎间盘镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法：腰椎间盘突出症患者15例，男11例，女4例；平均年龄39．8岁。在椎间盘镜下行腰椎间盘髓核切除、椎板减压及神经根管扩大术。术前在X线机下，分别于病变节段上位棘突下缘、上位椎板下缘中点定位，置人内窥镜头。在椎间盘镜配套的监视器下咬除部分椎板下缘及黄韧带，扩大椎板间隙，清除椎间盘髓核组织，扩大神经根管。结果：本组除1例患者因术中硬膜囊破裂改为开放手术，其余14例平均手术出血量60ml，平均手术时问86min。本组平均随访时间13．2个月，按照Nakai评级，优11例，良3例，可1例。结论：椎间盘镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症比常规手术方法视野清晰、创伤小、恢复快，基本保持了脊柱后柱完整。     

经横突间入路显微内窥镜下髓核摘除术治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症

目的：探讨经横突间入路显微内窥镜下髓核摘除（MED）治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法：对2005年2月至2010年2月经横突间入路显微内窥镜下髓核摘除治疗的极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症73例患者进行回顾性分析,其中男41例,女32例;年龄19-80岁,平均56.5岁;病程1-25个月,平均4.5个月。突出间隙：L3,49例,L4,549例,L5S115例。记录术前、术后2周及末次随访时疼痛强度视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,评估患者疼痛缓解情况。采用Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry Disability Index,ODI）评价患者术前和末次随访时躯体功能、行走能力等总体生活质量。结果：所有患者手术顺利完成,手术时间40-115 min,平均50 min;出血量50-150 ml,平均110 ml;切口感染1例,神经根不完全损伤1例。73例均获随访,时间3-8年,平均4.5年。术后VAS及ODI分值均较术前有明显改善（P〈0.01）。结论：经横突间入路显微内窥镜下髓核摘除术是治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症有效可行的方法。     

脊柱后路显微内窥镜下手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床应用

目的 探讨脊柱后路显微内窥镜下椎间盘切除术(MED)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果和应用价值。方法 自1999年9月～2002年10月，对腰椎间盘突出症152例患者采用椎板间隙入路显微内窥镜下椎间盘切除术治疗，随访观察临床疗效。结果 113例获得3～19个月随访，按Macnab疗效评定标准，优86例，良21例，可4例，差2例，手术优良率94．6％。结论 只要掌握好适应证，应用椎板间隙入路显微内窥镜下椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有创伤小、术后恢复快、手术安全性好等优点，疗效可靠。