慢性乙型肝炎病毒基因型与YMDD变异关系

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）基因型与YMDD变异的关系。方法 选用200例HBV DNA、HbeAg阳性，血清ALT异常的．HBV肝炎患者，服拉米夫定（100mg／d）24个月。用PCR（FQ-PCR）检测HBVDNA，分析乙肝病毒野生型YMDD及突变耐药型YIDD／YVDD，HBV基因分型。结果 200例慢性乙肝病人C基因型占39％，B基因型占26％，D基因型占22％，B＋C混合基因型占10％，其他占3％，包括1例出现YIDD耐药株。服拉米夫定12个月后，YMDD变异率为6％；24个月后，YMDD变异率为15％。结论 乙肝病人HBV基因型以C型为主，次为B型及D型；服拉米夫定后大多数病人的DNA水平日月显降低，拉米夫定治疗可加速病毒YMDD变异发生，且与服药时间呈正相关；YMDD突变与乙肝病毒的基因型无关。     

采用PCR微板核酸杂交-ELISA技术进行HBV DNA基因分型的研究

目的 采用PCR微板核酸杂交－ELISA技术对HBV DNA进行基因分型研究。方法 采用PCR、核酸杂交和酶联显色技术,首先将HBV DNA进行PCR扩增,并将扩增产物加入预先包被HBV通用探针的微孔板,再加入HBV各基因型显色探针,同时进行微板核酸夹心杂交－ELISA显色,对152例临床诊断为不同程度乙型肝炎患者血清中HBV DNA进行基因分型。结果 152例不同临床表面的肝炎患得血清中的HBV DNA的基因型大多集中在B、C和D这3种基因型,其所占比例分别为：B型28．29％（43／152）,C型（37．50％（57／152）、D硎型18．42％（28／152）;A型、E型、F占比例很少,各占有3．29％（5／152）。还存在一定比例的混合基因型,B、C、D三型不同组合的混合型共占10．53％（16／152）。结论 PCR微板核酸杂交－ELISA方法可以准确、快速、简便进行HBV基因分型,在探讨HBV的流行病学及观察各基因型毒力强弱及致病性大小方面有重要意义。     

乙型肝炎病毒基因型与拉米夫定治疗疗效关系的研究

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型与拉米夫定治疗疗效的关系及其机理。方法对拉米夫定治疗的228例慢性乙型肝炎患者的临床资料进行收集和整理,分析HBV基因型与拉米夫定治疗疗效的关系;并对各HBV基因型影响拉米夫定疗效的可能因素进行探讨。结果HBV基因型B型对拉米夫定治疗的应答率为40.6%,C基因型的应答率为21.2%,两组应答率差异有显著性(P<0.05);B基因型的HBeAg的血清转换率为26.3%,C基因型为12.4%,统计学方法处理有显著性差异(P<0.05)。拉米夫定治疗期间的YMDD变异发生率B基因型组为13.2%,C基因型组为37.4%,两组差异有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者,HBVB基因型的疗效优于C基因型,其疗效机理可能与拉米夫定治疗后C基因型容易发生YMDD变异有关。     

特异性引物聚合酶链反应乙型肝炎病毒基因分型法的建立及应用

目的应用型特异性引物聚合酶链反应法（PCR）进行乙型肝炎病毒基因分型并分析该法的可靠性。方法应用型特异性引物PCR和INNO-LiPA分别对深圳、长春、北京152份HBV DNA阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者的血清标本进行了基因型分型，对该两种分型法不一致的血清标本再进行S区基因测序分型，以确定该两法的可靠性。结果型特异性引物PCR和INNO-LiPA的总符合率为86．8％（132／152），不一致率为13．2％（20／152）。型特异性引物PCR检测到81份（53．3％）B型；58份（38．2％）C型；13份（8．5％）B＋C型混合感染，未检出其他基因型或混合感染的基因型。INNO-LiPA检测到74份（48．7％）B型；61份（40．1％）C型；5份（3．3％）B＋C型混合感染；另检出3份（2．0％）A＋B型混合感染；1份（0．7％）B＋E型混合感染；1份（0．7％）C型与D型，1份（0．7％）D型感染，3份（2．0％）B／C／D型及3份未能分型。20份两法分型不一致的标本中，6份无剩余血清，对其余14份进行了S区基因测序分型，结果型特异性引物PCR与S区基因测序分型法的符合率为71．4％（10／14），而INNO-LiPA与S区测序法的符合率仅为7．1％（1／14），前者明显高于后者（P〈0．05）。结论型特异性引物PCR和INNO-LiPA均可鉴定HBV基因型，但前者较为简便和可靠，且费用较低，可用于临床标本的检测和流行病学调查。     

成都地区HBV基因型分布研究

目的 调查成都地区乙型肝炎患者外周血中乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）基因型的分布情况。方法 以长片段高保真聚合酶链反应（LA—PCR）扩增乙肝病毒S基因区，结合双脱氧链末端终止法（Sanger）测序技术对该地区90例乙型肝炎患者感染的HBV进行基因分型；同时与常用的基因型特异引物扩增分型法获得的分型结果进行比较，做重复试验以证实所用方法的可靠性和准确性。结果 S基因直接测序法检测成都地区人群HBV基因分型结果为B基因型57例（63．3％）、C型30例（33．3％），D型3例（3．3％），无其他基因型和混合型；基因型特异引物分型法除检出23例（25．5％）混合基因型外，其他各例结果均与S基因测序法吻合。结论 成都地区HBV优势基因犁以B型为主，C型次之，偶见D型。S基因直接测序法能准确鉴定HBV基因型，并较好地反映HBV基因组变化的准种特征，总体上优于型特异引物分型法，此结论具有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。     

中国30个地区HBV基因型分布特点和临床意义

目的了解中国乙型肝炎病毒感染者中HBV基因型的分布特点和临床意义。方法应用型特异性引物聚合酶链反应法,对中国30个省市自治区共2922份HBV感染者血清标本进行基因型检测,同时检测相关病毒学及肝功能生化指标,分析基因型分布特点及临床意义。结果2922例HBV感染者中,B、C、B／C、D基因型分别占15．9％、83．5％、0．41％、0．21％,未发现其他基因型。北方地区c基因型占绝大多数,南方地区浙江、江苏地区以c基因型为主,广东、湖南、湖北、江西以B基因型为主。B基因型较c基因型HBV感染者平均年龄小（P〈0．001）;C基因型HBV感染者HBeAg阳性率较B基因型高（P=0．023）;B基因型HBV感染者乙型肝炎病毒载量较c基因型高（P=0．038）;C基因型HBV感染者CHE、ALB较低,差异有统计学意义（P值分别为0．016）。结论中国HBV基因型以B、c基因型为主,仅少量的B／C和D基因型。北方地区以c基因型为主,南方地区c基因型明显减少,部分南方地区以B基因型为主。c基因型HBV感染者年龄较大、HBeAg阳性率高、HBVDNA载量低,病情较重。     

泛昔洛韦治疗HBV慢性感染的临床研究

目的：观察泛昔洛韦对HBV慢性感染抗病毒的治疗效果。方法：慢性乙型肝炎患者89例，采用随机对照分组，和单用泛昔洛韦治疗组32例，和单用α－干扰素29例和单用拉米夫定28例两个对照组，对比观察三组抗病毒治疗效果。结果：治疗组泛昔洛韦血清HBV DNA阴转率40．62％（13／32），HBeAg阴转率21．88％（7／32）；对照组α－干扰素血清HBV DNA阴转率37．93％（11／29），HBeAg阴转率41．38％（12／29）；拉米夫定血清HBV DNA阴转率67．90％（19／28），HBeAg阴转率21．43％（6／28）。治疗组HBV DNA阴转时间最短1个月，最长3个月，平均1．3个月，无1例出现严重不良反应。结论：泛昔洛韦治疗HBV慢性感染安全有效。     

广西乙型肝炎病毒基因分型及其临床意义的研究

目的 了解广西乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型流行情况及其临床意义。方法 用套式PCR扩增检测广西南部和北部[桂南和桂北]的各型乙型肝炎患者和慢性无症状HBV携带者共161份血清HBV DNA，阳性者用限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)方法、直接测序法或克隆测序法进行基因分型。结果 广西HBV各种基因型分布比例：基因型A占3．7％，基因型B 21．7％，基因型C 72．7％、基因型D 1．2％；未发现基因型E、F、G和H。基因型C在慢性肝炎、肝硬化和原发性肝癌患者组中流行呈增加趋势，基因型B的流行与基因型C比较呈相反趋势(主要在慢性无症状HBV携带者和急性肝炎流行率相对较高)；基因型C组的HBeAg阳性率显著高于基因型B组，而基因型C组抗—HBe阳性率显著低于基因型B组。在基因型C组的肝脏损伤(ALT)比基因型A和B组更为严重；而在慢性无症状HBV携带者组中，基因型C在桂南的流行率显著高于桂北，基因型B的情况则相反。结论 ①广西主要流行的HBV主要为基因型B和C，桂南主要为HBV基因型C，桂北则主要为HBV基因型B，提示广西HBV基因型由于其流行分布的不同与广西肝癌发病率桂南高于桂北有关。②基因型C与较严重的肝脏疾病如肝癌的发生有关。③首次发现广西的急性肝炎、慢性肝炎存在少量的HBV基因型A型、D型和B C的混合型的流行。     

贵州乙型肝炎病毒基因型分布及意义分析

目的调查贵州乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）基因型分布。方法选择贵阳、遵义、凯里、都匀慢性HBV感染者693例，其中无症状携带者（ASC）292例，慢性肝炎（CH）276例，肝硬化（LC）76例，肝细胞肝癌（HCC）49例。用S基因限制性片段长度多态性确定基因型，比较主要基因型的地区分布及其与临床的关系。结果693例中，B基因449例（64．79％），C型233例（33．62％），A型6例（0．87％）。D型5例（0．72％），未发现E、F基因型。B型的分布：凯里最高（96．40％），遵义、都匀其次（78．79％、76．19％），贵阳最低（53．66％）。C型的分布，贵阳（45．68％）高于都匀（23．80％）、遵义（13．13％）及凯里（3．96％），差异有统计学意义（P≤0．01）。与B型相比，C型感染者平均年龄大；ALT水平高；HBeAg阳性率低（P≤0．01）。除ASC组外，B、C2种基因型在CH、LC和HCC中的分布差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）。结论贵州存在A、B、C、D4种HBV基因型，但以B型为主，C型其次，A型、D型仅占很小比例。B、C基因型在贵州不同地区的分布有一定差异。与B型相比，C型感染者肝脏损害的程度较重。     

乙肝病毒基因型及病毒变异对慢性肝病进展的影响

目的进一步研究HBV基因型及病毒变异与慢性肝病进展的关系。方法用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）以及部分PCR产物测序的方法对401例慢性HBV感染者，包括112例HCC患者（HCC组）。129例无症状携带者（ASC组），70例肝硬化患者（LC组）和90例慢性肝炎患者（CH组）进行HBV基因分型以及BCP和PC变异检测。结果401例慢性HBV感染者中181例发生B基因型感染，220例发生C型感染。HCC组中C型分布高于其他3个疾病组；C基因型感染者BCP变异多于B基因型；B基因型感染者PC变异多于C基因型：同时BCP变异发生率随着病程进展而递增：在ASC组、CH组、LC组和HCC组里的BCP变异阳性率分别为22．4％、35．0％、50．0％、74．1％。C1与C2亚型相比，C1有较高BCP变异阳性率，而C2有较高PC变异发生率。结论BCP变异与肝病进程存在依从关系，因此BCP变异的检测对慢性HBV感染的疾病进展和临床结局的评估有重要意义。     

乙型肝炎病毒基因分型及临床应用研究

目的了解常州地区乙型肝炎病毒基因型分布特征,探讨其基因型与肝功能损伤、病毒复制水平及对拉米夫定疗效的关系. 方法采用巢式聚合酶链反应 (nest-PCR), 扩增乙型肝炎病毒S基因区, 用末端标记方法对PCR产物标记并直接测序, 测序结果和GenBank中登录的标准基因型序列相比较. 结果对该地区146份不同HBV感染者血清HBV DNA进行了基因分型,B型51份 (34.9%),C型95份(65.1%),未发现B、C以外其他基因型;丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平分别为383.8±335.7IU和364.3±333.7 IU,(t=0.335,P>0.05)、HBV DNA含量分别为107.795±1.22和107.69±1.19拷贝/毫升(t=0.138,P>0.05)、HBeAg 阳性数分别为36/51和64/95,(χ2=0.159,P>0.05);104例慢性乙型肝炎中B型为43例、C型为61例,28例肝硬化和肝癌患者检出B型4例、C型24例,二组比较χ2=7.65,P<0.01;23例B基因型患者和45例C基因型患者接受48周以上拉米夫定治疗,48周后反跳者B型为18例,C型为14例,χ2=13.49,P<0.001.结论本地区HBV DNA基因型为B型和C型;二种基因型丙氨酸转氨酶水平、病毒复制水平和HBeAg表达水平差异均无显著性;C基因型与肝硬化和肝癌关系密切;拉米夫定对C基因型患者的疗效强于B型.     

Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B, C and D viruses in Turkish patients

Summary. Different genotypes of the hepatitis viruses may influence the clinical outcome of the disease. The distribution of genotypes may vary according to geographical regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) genotypes in Turkish patients with chronic hepatitis in a large cohort of patients. Genotyping was performed in 41, 59 and 365 patients with chronic hepatitis B, D and C, respectively, and 36 hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C. Genotypes were determined by direct sequencing in hepatitis B and by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in hepatitis C and D patients. In addition, HBV subtyping by multiplex PCR and subtype specific ELISA were performed in 83 and 71 HBsAg (+) blood donors, respectively. All hepatitis B (100%) and hepatitis D (100%) patients had genotype D and type I, respectively. HBsAg subtyping by two methods yielded that 99% of the patients were subtype ayw. S gene amino acid sequence in the 41 patients included for HBV genotyping revealed the ayw2 subtype. Genotype distribution of 365 patients with chronic C hepatitis were as follows: 306 (84%) patients genotype 1b, 43 (11%) patients genotype 1a, 10 (3%) patients genotype 2, 3 (1%) patients genotype 3, 3 (1%) patients genotype 4. Among 36 patients receiving hemodialysis, 28 (78%) patients had genotype 1b and 8 (22%) patients had genotype 1a. The study indicates that Turkish patients with chronic viral hepatitis show very little genotypic heterogeneity. Subtype ayw and the genotype D of HBV DNA, and the type I of HDV RNA represent almost 100% of related infections. The genotype 1b of HCV RNA was found to be significantly dominant in Turkish patients.     

Molecular evolutionary analysis and mutational pattern of full‐length genomes of hepatitis B virus isolated from Belgian patients with different clinical manifestations

Molecular evolutionary patterns of 62 HBV full‐length genomes obtained from Belgian patients were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed diverse HBV subgenotypes including A2 and A6 (46.8%), D1–D4 (38.8%), E (9.7%), C1 (1.6%), and B2 (1.6%). The study population consisted of patients with different ethnic origin (Caucasian, Turkish, Asian, Arab, and African). One HBV D/C recombinant isolate was identified, which encoded subtype adw2. An HBV subgenotype D4 with an aberrant subtype ayw4 was detected. Although none of the genotypes was associated with a specific disease outcome, several nucleotide substitutions, deletions and insertions were observed within the HBV preS1/S and X genes, particularly among patients with active chronic hepatitis B infection and patients with cirrhosis. Within the immunological domain of the HBsAg gene, the most frequent substitutions were sT125M and sT118A. High rates of precore and basal core promoter mutations were detected in patients infected with genotype D of HBV. Almost half of the patients who received lamivudine therapy for at least 1 year had HBV variants associated with lamivudine drug resistance. In conclusion, the most common HBV genotypes in West Europe (A and D) also prevail in Belgium. The highest degree of genetic diversity was detected in HBV genotype D. In addition, this study reveals the circulation of exotic HBV genotypes B, C, and E in Belgium. J. Med. Virol. 82:379–389, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Persistence of acute infection with hepatitis B virus genotype A and treatment in Japan

Among the 97 adult patients with acute hepatitis B who were admitted to the Toranomon Hospital in Metropolitan Tokyo during 28 years from 1976 to 2003, 31 (32%) were infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype A, nine (9%) with genotype B, 44 (45%) with genotype C, one (1%) each with genotypes E and F. HBV in the remaining 11 (11%) patients were untypeable. All the 31 patients with acute hepatitis B caused by HBV genotype A infection were male with a median age of 31 years, and 16 (52%) contracted infection through extramarital sexual contacts. The baseline HBV DNA level was higher in the seven (23%) patients in whom infection with HBV genotype A persisted than the remaining 24 (77%) with spontaneous resolution (median: >8.7 vs. 6.0 log genome equivalents/ml, P = 0.004). Persistent infection was more frequent in patients with maximum alanine aminotransferase <500 IU/L than > or =500 IU/L (83% [5/6] vs. 4% [1/25], P = 0.0001). Of the six patients with persistent HBV genotype A infection who received interferon and/or lamivuidine for treatment of chronic active hepatitis, three (50%) responded with the loss of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg); hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was cleared from serum in one patient who received interferon and lamivudine in sequence. HBV genotype A persisted along with HBeAg in the remaining three patients given antiviral therapy as well as another who was not treated. In conclusion, infection with HBV genotype A prevails in patients with acute hepatitis B in Japan where genotypes B and C are common, is often contracted sexually (16/31 [52%]) and tends to persist (7/31 [23%]). Infection was cleared in only one of the six (17%) patients who received antiviral therapy.     

Favorable efficacy of long-term lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B: an 8-year follow-up study

The long-term efficacy of lamivudine therapy in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still not clear. In this study, 20 non-cirrhotic Japanese patients infected with HBV received lamivudine therapy for more than 1 year and were followed for a median period of 8.5 years (range, 6.7-8.7 years). The rates of HBe antigen (HbeAg) negative, HBV-DNA undetectable, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normal level at the start of lamivudine were 55%, 25%, and 20% and 85%, 80%, and were 80%, respectively, at the last visit, including patients who received additional treatment. The values at the last visit tended to and were significantly higher than those at the start. The values improved at the last visit regardless of the emergence of YMDD motif mutant and continuation of lamivudine. YMDD mutant and biochemical relapse with mutant virus (breakthrough hepatitis) appeared in 65% and 45% during follow-up, respectively, but severe breakthrough hepatitis occurred in only 5%. Furthermore, 80% of patients who received additional treatment for breakthrough hepatitis, regardless of continuation of lamivudine, were ALT normal level at the last visit, in contrast to 25% untreated. HBsAg clearance occurred in two patients of the discontinuous lamivudine group with non-vertical transmission, who were relatively young. One was infected with HBV genotype C with breakthrough hepatitis and the other had no YMDD mutant and was infected with genotype D, a rare type in Japan. None developed cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during follow-up. Our results suggest that long-term lamivudine therapy improves long-term prognosis, especially when additional treatment for breakthrough hepatitis is used.     

Response to long-term lamivudine treatment in patients infected with hepatitis B virus genotypes A, B, and C

Response to lamivudine treatment longer than 1 year was compared in 15 patients persistently infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype A, 38 with genotype B, and 449 with genotype C. Patients with genotype A were younger (median age 37 [range 24-49] vs. 47 [24-67] or 44 [18-73], P = 0.015), possessed hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) more frequently (73% vs. 21% or 56%, P < 0.001) and HBV DNA in higher levels (8.6 [6.1-8.7] vs. 6.5 [<3.7-8.7] or 6.5 [<3.7-8.7] log genome equivalents (LGE)/ml, P = 0.024) than those with genotype B or C. During lamivudine, YMDD mutants (89% vs. 53% or 42%, P = 0.0001) and breakthrough hepatitis developed more often (47% vs. 21% or 29%, P = 0.023) in patients with genotype A than B or C. YMDD mutants elicited more frequently in patients with genotype A than B or C who were positive (82% [9/11] vs. 25% [2/8] or 48% [117/245], P = 0.037) or negative for HBeAg (75% [3/4] vs. 30% [9/30] or 33% [68/204], P = 0.003). HBeAg (hazard ratio 2.1 [95% confidence interval 1.53-2.92], P < 0.001) and genotype A (2.78 [1.08-7.12], P = 0.034) enhanced the emergence of YMDD mutants by the Cox proportional hazard model. The risk for breakthrough hepatitis was increased by the baseline alanine aminotransferase level <500 IU/L (2.56 [1.82-5.50], P = 0.018), HBeAg (2.11 [1.40-3.16], P < 0.001), cirrhosis (1.92 [1.24-2.97], P = 0.004) and HBV DNA > or =8.0 LGE/ml (1.57 [1.04-2.36], P = 0.03); it was influenced by genotypes only in patients with HBeAg. In conclusion, HBV genotypes help in predicting response to long-term lamivudine treatment and development of YMDD mutants in patients with chronic hepatitis B.     

沈阳地区乙型肝炎病毒基因型分子流行病学研究

目的 研究沈阳地区乙型肝炎病毒基因型分布和特点。方法 应用半巢式聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增乙型肝炎病毒P基因，将PCR产物应用ABI377自动测序仪直接做核苷酸序列分析，并用DNA STAR软件进行种系发生分析及基因型鉴定。结果 HBV DNA标准株P基因片段可进行基因分型。在沈阳地区慢性HBV感染者中可检出基因型B、C和D，检出率分别为22％、50％和28％，基因型C分布与基因型B、D的差异有统计学意义，在慢性乙型肝炎患者和慢性HBV携带者间各基因型间分布比较中差异无统计学意义。结论 通过测定HBV DNAP基因序列片段可进行HBV DNA基因分型。沈阳地区乙型肝炎病毒基因型有基因型B、C和D型，其中基因型C为优势基因型。     

Comparison of genotypes C and D of the hepatitis B virus in Japan: a clinical and molecular biological study

The genotype-related differences between genotype C and genotype D of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) remain unknown. The relationship was studied between the HBV genotypes and their clinical features, paying special attention to genotypes C and D. Serum samples from 413 HBV carriers were genotyped using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The nucleotide sequences at the basic core promoter (BCP) and precore (PreC) regions were analysed by direct sequencing. The full genome sequences of three HBV genotype D cases were also examined. Almost all carriers with HBV genotype D were asymptomatic carriers (84.2%). Genotype D was not found in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast, carriers with genotype C had mainly chronic liver disease (63.2%; P<0.001). The ratio of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)/anti-HBe was significantly higher in genotype C than in genotype D in the young age-matched group (P<0.01). The mutation at BCP (T1762, A1764) was significantly lower in genotype D than in genotype C among HBeAg-negative patients (P<0.05). The HBV full-genome sequences are very similar to certain HBV genotype D sequences from Europe. In conclusion, genotype C was associated with chronic liver disease, whereas genotype D was related to asymptomatic carriers with earlier HBeAg seroconversion. Thus, the outcome of chronic HBV infection may be different in persons infected with HBV genotypes C and D.     

Characterization of seven genotypes (A to E, G and H) of hepatitis B virus recovered from Japanese patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1

To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and characteristics of HBV isolates among Japanese patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), serum samples collected between September 1990 and March 2002 from 471 HIV-infected patients (age, 38.8 +/- 11.4 [mean +/- standard deviation] years; male, 90%) were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA. Positivity for HBsAg and HBV DNA was seen in 42 patients (8.9%), 41 of whom had contracted HIV infection through sexual activity and 1 had hemophilia. Genotypes of HBV were determined by comparative and phylogenetic analyses of the S gene sequence (396 nucleotides [nt]). The distribution of HBV genotypes among the 42 HBV-viremic patients was: A (50%), B (5%), C (24%), D (5%), E (2%), H (10%), A plus D (2%), A plus G (2%). The hemophilia patient had HBV genotype D. Genotypes E, G, and H which had not been reported in Japan, were found in one patient each who had traveled to Zambia, the US, and South America, respectively. Genotypes A and D, which are rare in Japan, were found in patients who had no history of traveling abroad. The entire genome of the HB-JI411 (genotype E [3,212 nt]), HB-JI444G (genotype G [3,248 nt]), and HB-JI260 (genotype H [3,218 nt]) isolates had the highest identity of 98.3%, 99.9%, and 98.5%, respectively, with reported HBV isolates of the same genotype. Most Japanese patients coinfected with HIV and HBV had HBV genotypes that are found rarely or had not been reported in Japan.