The relationship between personality traits and eating pathology in adolescent girls

Summary This research investigated the relationship between personality and the tendency towards developing eating disorders in adolescent females Personality traits were assessed using the High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ) and dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviours were assessed using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI). The sample consisted of 244 students from a high school in Johannesburg, South Africa. Significant relationships were found between certain personality traits and eating dysfunction. Reservation, emotional instability, excitability, opportunism, shyness, individualism, proneness to guilt feelings, self-sufficiency and high tension were the personality factors that were significant in relation to eating dysfunction. This thus suggests that personality appears to influence the tendency towards developing eating disorders. Correspondence: Adilia S. F. Silva, Psychology – School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa     

The relationship between performance monitoring, satisfaction with life, and positive personality traits

Neural reflections of performance monitoring, including the error-related negativity (ERN) component of the event-related potential (ERP), are modulated by personality and affective constructs. Little is known, however, about the relationship between positive personality traits and neural indices of performance monitoring. We investigated the relationship between measures of positive personality traits, including satisfaction with life, dispositional optimism, and positive affect, and indices of performance monitoring in a sample of 45 neurologically-healthy individuals. Increased satisfaction with life was associated with decreased (i.e., less negative) ERN amplitude. Dispositional optimism and positive affect were not related to ERN amplitude. Results remained consistent when negative affect and measures of positive personality were accounted for using multiple regression. There were no relationships between measures of positive personality and the post-error positivity (Pe) or behavioral indices. Findings are consistent with an affective salience interpretation of the ERN, with errors potentially being less meaningful for individuals with higher satisfaction with life.     

人格特质与宿舍人际关系质量的关系:应对方式的中介作用

探讨人格特质与宿舍人际关系质量的关系,并考察应对方式的中介作用,为进一步研究和改善宿舍人际关系质量奠定基础。方法:采用整群抽样的方法,用大五人格测试-简版(NEO-FFI)、大学生宿舍人际关系质量调查问卷、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)对某工科院校一至三年级学生进行调查研究。对收集到的数据进行相关分析和结构方程模型分析。结果显示:(1)积极应对、消极应对2种应对方式皆与神经质和大学生宿舍人际关系质量均呈相关性(P<0.01);(2)神经质与宿舍人际关系质量均呈相关性(P<0.01);(3)神经质对于宿舍人际关系质量的直接效应为-0.12,而通过消极应对对宿舍人际关系质量产生的间接效应为-0.079,中介效应占总效应的39.76%;(4)神经质对于宿舍人际关系质量的直接效应为-0.12,而通过积极应对对宿舍人际关系质量产生的间接效应为-0.029,中介效应占总效应的19.35%。结论:宿舍人际关系质量、神经质与积极应对和消极应对方式得分之间的相关存在显著的统计学意义,并且神经质部分通过影响消极应对方式和积极应对方式影响宿舍人际关系质量。     

A quantitative genetic analysis of schizotypal personality traits

BACKGROUND: Previous twin studies investigating the heritability of schizotypy have often had limited power and have failed to measure the disorganization/social anxiety component. METHOD: Seven hundred and thirty-three female twin pairs, drawn from the Institute of Psychiatry Volunteer Twin Register, completed the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences and the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory. Structural equation modelling was carried out on scores for MZ and DZ twin pairs. RESULTS: The best fitting models for all scales comprised additive genetic and unique environmental effects. Heritability was estimated at approximately 50% for most scales, although it was lower at 37% for the PDI scale. Multivariate structural equation model fitting revealed a best-fitting model in which additive genetic and unique environmental influences act through a single common pathway for Cognitive Disorganization, Unusual Experiences and the PDI, and through a separate common pathway for Cognitive Disorganization and Introvertive Anhedonia. CONCLUSIONS: The various components of schizotypy are moderately heritable. Multivariate model fitting indicates that at least two latent factor structures are required to account for the covariation between the various components of schizotypy. The positive and negative components of schizotypy are relatively genetically independent, although each in turn may be related to Cognitive Disorganization.     

The relationship of aerobic physical fitness to selected personality traits.

The relationships between aerobic physical fitness and selected personality traits measured by the MMPI were investigated for college males engaged in an aerobic conditioning class. Results indicated that physical fitness scores and selected scales on the MMPI are related in college males and that changes in aerobic physical fitness are related to score changes on selected scales of the MMPI for college males who participated in an aerobic exercise program.     

No association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and personality traits

Human family and twin studies have established considerable heritable components in personality traits as assessed by self-report questionnaires. Recently, an association between a functional polymorphism in the upstream regulatory region of the serotonin transporter gene and neuroticism-related personality traits was reported. Two different serotonin transporter polymorphisms including the previously associated variant were genotyped in two samples of healthy Swedish subjects (n = 127 and n = 178, respectively) assessed with the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) inventory. No statistically significant association between serotonin transporter polymorphisms and any of the eight neuroticism-related KSP scales was found. Thus, the previously reported association between serotonin transporter alleles and neuroticism-related personality traits could not be replicated in the present study. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 88:430–436, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

肾移植受者服药依从性及其与人格特质的关系

目的:探讨肾移植受者服药依从性及其与人格特质的关系。方法:选取130例肾移植受者,应用一般资料调查表、免疫抑制剂治疗依从性Basel评估量表(BAASIS)和中国大五人格问卷简式版(CBF-PI-B)进行调查。结果:肾移植受者服药依从性差者占43.8%;多元线性回归显示,移植术后时间与服药依从性负向关联(β=-0.45),宜人性和开放性人格特质与服药依从性正向关联(β=0.29、0.23)。结论:肾移植受者服药依从性处于较低水平,移植术后时间越长、宜人性和开放性人格特质得分越低,其服药依从性可能越差。     

No association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and personality traits.

Human family and twin studies have established considerable heritable components in personality traits as assessed by self-report questionnaires. Recently, an association between a functional polymorphism in the upstream regulatory region of the serotonin transporter gene and neuroticism-related personality traits was reported. Two different serotonin transporter polymorphisms including the previously associated variant were genotyped in two samples of healthy Swedish subjects (n = 127 and n = 178, respectively) assessed with the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) inventory. No statistically significant association between serotonin transporter polymorphisms and any of the eight neuroticism-related KSP scales was found. Thus, the previously reported association between serotonin transporter alleles and neuroticism-related personality traits could not be replicated in the present study.     

A double dissociation between mood states and personality traits in the anterior cingulate

Neuroticism and extraversion are personality traits associated with negative and positive mood states, respectively, confounding trait and state factors that may affect brain responses to emotional stimuli. The authors dissociated these factors using fMRI and the emotional Stroop attention task: Anterior cingulate (AC) response to positive stimuli varied as a function of personality trait, but not mood state, whereas AC response to negative stimuli varied as a function of mood state, but not personality trait. Negative mood, but not personality trait, also increased the functional connectivity between AC and other regions. Variance in AC activation can thus be ascribed to an intersubject variable (extraversion) when responding to positive stimuli and an intrasubject variable (mood) when responding to negative stimuli. The former may explain stable differences between extraverts and introverts. The latter may provide an adaptive mechanism to expand an individual's dynamic range in response to potentially dangerous or threatening stimuli.     

A study on relationship between personality and self-acceptance]

The purpose is to examine the relationship between self-acceptance and personalities developmentally, as for evaluative and affective dimensions. Results: Males and females showed differences in the formation of adolescent self-acceptance. At junior high school level, the accepted personalities are not yet differentiated as for two dimensions in both males and females. In males, they are differentiated at senior high school, and above this level, they showed a linear increase in differentiation. Females showed emotional differentiation at junior high school, and behavioral differentiation at senior high school, and further emotional differentiation at college level. The transition of male is "from a few limited to diverse", while for females it is "from diverse to a few limited". As the traits to self-acceptance diversify, the self-acceptance score is high.     

大学生自我和谐与人格特征的关系研究

大学阶段是青少年学生人格形成的关键时期,大学生的自我和谐水平对于他们健全人格的形成有重要影响,本研究采用自我和谐量表和艾森克人格问卷成人版,对139名大学生进行了调查,结果表明大学生的自我和谐程度一般,人格发展状况较好;自我和谐各分量表及总分与艾森克人格问卷成人版各分量表有相关性;性格外向、情绪稳定、态度温和的大学生自我和谐性高于性格内向、情绪起伏大、倔强的大学生。     

Note on the relationship between trait anxiety and the Eysenck personality questionnaire

Administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory A-Trait scale and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire to 97 females and 105 males unde neutral conditions. The interrelationships gave limited support to Eysenck's hypothesis that anxiety is a dimension oblique to extraversion and neuroticism. such that high anxiety is associated with high introversion and neuroticism. Trait anxiety was independent of the psychoticism and lie dimensions.     

The relationship between personality type and style of alcohol use

Two hundred fifty male, alcoholic VA inpatients were administered the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) and the Alcohol Use Inventory (AUI). A cluster analysis, based on the scales of the MCMI, yielded three clusters: Cluster 1 was the smallest and was described by the least overall psychopathology. Cluster 2 had significant elevations on Antisocial, Narcissistic, Paranoid, Drug and Alcohol Abuse scales. Cluster 3 was the largest and had significant elevations on Avoidant, Schizoid, Dependent, Passive-Aggressive, Anxiety, Dysthymia, and Alcohol Abuse scales.     

青少年人格与父母养育方式的相关研究

本文采用父母养育方式问卷（ＥＭＢＵ）和艾森克人格问卷（ＥＰＱ）对７９名高中学生进行了测查，结果发现艾森克人格问卷所测查的人格维度神经质（Ｎ）、精神质（Ｐ）得分分别与父母不良的教养方式如严厉惩罚、拒绝否定、过度干涉与保护呈显著的正相关关系。这一结果提示了父母教养方式对其子女人格特质的形成具有重要的影响作用。     

Mood states and personality traits.

In this article we analyze the relationship between personality traits assessed by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, and six mood states assessed by the Profile of Mood States-bipolar form. Our data suggest that large portions of personality and/or behavior, e.g., higher order dimensions of Novelty Seeking and Reward Dependence, can be relatively independent from current mood. In contrast, the Harm Avoidance dimension covaries with mood and anxiety. Also, we analyze the psychometric properties of the Profile of Mood States-bipolar form, and discuss some practical aspects of our findings.     

Perceived parenting behavior in the childhood of cocaine users: relationship with genotype and personality traits.

Low parental care during childhood, a pattern characteristic of an "affectionless control" rearing style was frequently reported in the history of addicted individuals. Parents' childrearing regimes and children's genetic predispositions, with their own behavioral characteristics, have been seen to be closely interwoven, probably affecting children's development and addictive behavior susceptibility. In the present study, parents care perception, aggressive personality traits, and genotype (serotonin transporter promoter gene--5-HTTLPR) have been investigated in cocaine users and healthy control subjects. PBI scores (maternal and paternal care) were lower and BDHI scores (aggressiveness) higher in cocaine users in comparison with controls and significant differences in the perception of either paternal or maternal care were observed between cocaine users and non-users. The short-short (SS) genotype frequency was significantly higher among cocaine users compared with control subjects (P = 0.04). Logistic regression proves that persons bearing the SS genotype have a risk of becoming cocaine user almost three times higher than those having the LL genotype. Estimations of the effects of other factors potentially affecting the risk of being cocaine addicted clearly prove the significant impact of aggressiveness: the highest the score, the highest the risk of becoming cocaine user. Moreover, paternal and maternal care perception significantly improve the fit of the model (the log likelihood decreases passing from -105.9 to -89.8, LR test = 32.17, P-value = 0.0000). Each unit increase in the PBI score yields a significant 12% and 10% decrease of the risk of becoming cocaine user, respectively for paternal and maternal care. Interestingly, once controlled for the PBI score, the relative risk associated to the SS genotype drops strikingly and becomes no longer statistically significant. On the whole, our preliminary data suggest that the association between 5-HT transporter polymorphism and psycho-stimulant use may be mediated by mother-child relationship and parental attachment perception, both being environmental and genetic factors involved in the proneness to substance use disorders, particularly in aggressive-antisocial individuals.