郧县作业场所粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量测定结果分析

目的 调查了解郧县粉尘作业场所粉尘中游离二氧化硅(SiO2)的含量,为预防矽肺病提供基础资料.方法 采集不同类型作业场所呼吸带粉尘,用焦磷酸质量法测定游离二氧化硅含量.结果 游离SiO2＜ 10％的有煤尘、大理石尘、石灰石尘、水泥尘、重晶石尘,10％≤游离SiO2≤50％的有砂轮尘、50％＜游离SiO2≤80％的有铸造车间混合尘,≥80％的有铸造尘、石英砂;游离SiO2含量以石英砂尘为最高(91.1±3.4％),以重晶石为最低(3.4±0.4％),230份粉尘游离SiO2含量平均值为26.3％.结论 作业场所中不同种类粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量差异较大,在进行粉尘浓度监测时,要根据游离二氧化硅的含量,才能确定是否超过职业接触限值.     

石咀山电厂生产性粉尘作业危害程度分级调查

本文对我市某电厂生产性粉尘作业危害程度的分级调查、系按国家《生产性粉尘作业危害程度分级》标准进行。调查测定了煤运某号运输带、煤仓、锅炉三个岗位,6名作业工人,测定粉尘样品54份,最高超标倍数8.8倍,最低0.045倍,平均为0.3倍,其中游离SiO_2含量均值未超过10％,根据接尘者肺总通气量和粉尘浓度超标倍数计算,结果三个岗位粉尘危害程度级别均为Ⅰ级。     

张家港市铸造行业粉尘危害作业分级研究

目的 对张家港市铸造行业粉尘危害进行作业分级,为职业卫生精准监管提供依据.方法 对张家港市48家铸造企业开展职业卫生现状调查,检测作业场所空气中粉尘浓度,并进行职业病危害作业分级.结果 张家港铸造行业粉尘总合格率为68.25％,矽尘(10％≤游离SiO2质量分数≤50％、50％＜游离SiO2质量分数≤80％)合格率较低...     

淄博市企业粉尘作业卫生学调查

目的了解淄博市粉尘作业企业的职业卫生状况,为今后企业职业卫生管理提供依据。方法对淄博市粉尘作业企业的基本职业卫生状况、生产性粉尘浓度、游离二氧化硅(SiO2)含量进行调查与测定。结果粉尘共测502点,462点超标,超标率为92.03%;游离(SiO2)样品数100份,69份超标,超标率为69%。结论粉尘浓度、游离SiO2含量超标率均过高,该市粉尘作业企业职业卫生管理需进一步加强。     

韶关市金属矿山粉尘危害现状调查与分析

了解韶关金属矿山井下工作场所粉尘接触状况,为有效控制此类矿山粉尘危害提供依据及对策。选择9家不同矿种的矿山企业进行现场卫生学调查、粉尘浓度及粉尘中游离二氧化硅(SiO2)含量检测。结果显示,检测的19个游离SiO2样品中钨矿、铅锌矿、锑矿样品粉尘中游离SiO2平均含量分别为49.8%、35.4%、33.1%,其中18个样品游离SiO2的含量超过10%。钨矿、铅锌矿、锑矿56个工作地点总粉尘浓度按地点超标率分别为38.2%、28.6%、37.5%。提示,韶关金属矿山整体工作场所中粉尘游离SiO2含量高,粉尘超标较为严重,接尘人员患尘肺病的风险较高,应采取有效措施,加强通风降尘工作。     

某光电仪器厂粉尘作业危害程度分级调查

为了解某光电仪器厂生产性粉尘作业危害程度 ,为作业环境安全性评价提供依据 ,我们对该厂工具车间的工具磨 ,铸造车间的混合铸铝 ,光学分厂镜片的手工粗磨、机器磨 ,表面处理车间的石英喷砂 ,精密铸造车间的涂料制壳、清砂、切割计五个车间 (分厂 )的 8个粉尘作业岗位工种进行了粉尘作业危害程度分级 ,并提出了整改建议。1　对象与方法1.1　对象每个接尘工种随机选择 2～ 5名工人。1.2　方法测定各作业点的粉尘浓度和粉尘中游离二氧化硅 (ＳｉＯ2 )含量 ,按中华人民共和国国家标准 (ＧＢ5 817 86) [1] 规定的方法进行粉尘危害程度分级。接尘…     

安康市粉尘危害与尘肺病调查研究

目的了解安康市粉尘危害情况,进一步治理粉尘污染。方法对全市接触矽尘、煤尘等无机粉尘1年以上的3859名作业工人,按照尘肺病检查内容、程序和GBZ 70-2002尘肺诊断标准进行尘肺病检查、诊断,并对生产环境进行劳动卫生学调查及粉尘浓度、分散度、二氧化硅（SiO2）含量测定。结果粉尘浓度平均86.63 mg/m^3,游离SiO2含量32.17%;尘肺患病率为11.04%;发病工龄最长35年;最短11个月,平均19.58年。结论尘肺患病率、发病工龄、尘肺病进展均与粉尘浓度及游离SiO2含量高有关。     

1997-2001年漳州建筑瓷厂粉尘监测结果分析

[目的]了解建筑瓷厂粉尘作业环境的劳动卫生状况，为防尘工作提供依据。[方法]按GB5748-85规定测定空气中粉尘浓度和游离SiO2含量，按《职业性健康检查管理规定》进行职业性体检。[结果]粉尘作业环境中粉尘浓度0．5—293．3mg/m^3，粉尘中游离Si02含量为10．1％--25．5％，职业性体检发现陶工尘肺2例。[结论]建筑瓷厂粉尘危害依然存在，今后应进一步搞好通风除尘工作，加强作业工人个人防护，防止尘肺病的发生。     

铜陵市某铸造企业职业病危害现状调查

目的了解铸造行业职业病危害因素的现状,为职业流行病学研究和铸造行业职业病危害因素控制提供基础数据。方法采用随机抽样方法对铜陵市铸造行业某企业作业场所中粉尘、有毒气体、噪声及高温等职业病危害因素现场检测结果及作业工人健康监护情况进行调查。结果该企业作业场所中粉尘游离二氧化硅含量大部分大于10%,粉尘浓度为0.2~6.1 mg/m3,最大超标倍数为48倍,粉尘超标场所主要集中在抛砂、抛丸和清理岗位;各作业场所中的有毒气物质检测结果均符合国家卫生标准;噪声强度检测6个岗位,仅有1个岗位符合国家卫生标准;高温作业岗位的温度略高于国家卫生标准。结论铸造行业职业病危害仍比较严重,尤其是粉尘和噪声。建议强化企业职业病防治主体意识,投入资金进行技术改造,加强个人防护;落实并完善健康监护和定期检测评价制度;监管部门应加大监管力度。     

承德县水泥厂粉尘职业危害调查

为了解承德县水泥厂粉尘危害情况,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。我们分别对3家不同企业性质的水泥厂进行粉尘浓度、分散度和游离二氧化硅(SiO2)含量测定,对接尘作业工人进行胸部X射线检查,依据国家GBZ 70—2009《尘肺病诊断标准》诊断尘肺病。结果显示,共检测作业点64个,采集样品162份,粉尘浓度为4.85～194.25mg/m3,合格点9个,合格样品14份,粉尘分散度<5μm为79.5%～88.0%,绝大多数在80%以上。粉尘中游离SiO2含量为5.6%～57.4%。胸部X射线检查731名作业工人查出I期尘肺病患者7人,检出率为0.96%。检测点合格率及样品合格率分别占14.10%和8.64%。提示,该水泥厂粉尘浓度超标现象相当严重,粉尘中游离SiO2含量均较高,长期吸入严重危害工人身体健康,导致尘肺病的发生。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.