r-tPA对兔眼晶状体上皮细胞影响的实验研究

目的　研究体外细胞培养中基因重组的组织纤维蛋白溶解酶原激活物(recombination tissue plasminigen activator,r- t PA)对兔晶状体上皮细胞增殖的抑制作用及有效浓度 ,为晶状体后囊混浊的药物预防提供新线索。方法　首先进行兔晶状体上皮细胞的原代与传代培养。传代培养的兔晶状体上皮细胞分为 6个实验组 ,分别加入 2 mg· L- 1 、4mg·L- 1 、8mg· L- 1 、16 mg· L- 1 、32 m g· L- 1 的 r- t PA,设空白对照组 ,在加药后不同时间进行细胞计数 ,3H- TDR掺入实验 ,研究 r- t PA对晶状体上皮细胞增殖的影响。结果　 r- t PA对体外培养的兔晶状体上皮细胞的增殖有显著抑制作用 ,呈浓度依赖性改变。 4mg· L- 1 r- t PA已有显著抑制作用 ,16 mg· L- 1基本发挥最大作用。结论　 r- t PA能有效抑制体外培养晶状体上皮细胞的增殖 ,通过进一步在体研究 ,可能成为预防后囊膜混浊的理想药物     

Genistein对兔晶状体上皮细胞增殖的影响

目的　探讨染料木黄酮 (genistein)对体外培养的兔晶状体上皮细胞增殖的影响。方法　用不同浓度的 genisteinDMSO溶液处理常规培养的第 3代兔晶状体上皮细胞 ,采用细胞计数法以及MTT法检测对晶状体上皮细胞增殖的影响。结果　 12 .5mg·L-1genistein对晶状体上皮细胞增殖无显著影响 ,genistein在 2 5mg·L-1可显著抑制体外培养的兔晶状体上皮细胞的增殖 ,抑制率为 32 .86 % ,5 0mg·L-1genistein抑制率为 4 9.2 4 % ,10 0mg·L-1genistein抑制作用最强 ,抑制率达 70 .72 % ,且genistein在 2 5～ 10 0mg·L-1其抑制作用呈剂量依赖性。结论　genistein在浓度≥ 2 5mg·L-1时可显著抑制体外培养的兔晶状体上皮细胞的增殖 ,且呈剂量依赖性。提示genistein可能在临床防治后发性白内障中有所帮助。     

双氯芬酸钠滴眼液对培养人晶状体上皮细胞的抑制作用

目的　研究双氯芬酸钠滴眼液对人晶状体上皮细胞增殖的抑制作用。方法　分离培养人晶状体上皮细胞 ,在培养液内加入双氯芬酸钠滴眼液 ,并以高三尖杉酯碱作为对照。测定药物对细胞的半效抑制量 ;观察药物对细胞贴壁和形态学的影响。结果　双氯芬酸钠滴眼液作用 2 4h对晶状体上皮细胞半效量ID50 为 0 78μg/ml,72hID50 为0 63 μg/ml,作用时间对细胞的抑制率无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;与对照组相比 2 4h的ID50 无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而 72hID50 有明显差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　双氯芬酸钠滴眼液对培养人晶状体上皮细胞在体外试验有抑制作用 ,但作为滴眼液能否作为防治后囊混浊的一种药物尚需进一步研究才能确定     

糖基化终产物促人视网膜色素上皮细胞表达VEGFmRNA

目的　探讨糖基化终产物 (advancedglycationendproducts,AGEs)对人视网膜色素上皮 (retinalpigmentepithelium ,RPE)细胞表达血管内皮生长因子mRNA(vascularen dothelialgrowthfactormRNA ,VEGFmRNA)的影响。方法　不同浓度的AGEs(10mg·L-1、5 0mg·L-1、10 0mg·L-1、2 0 0mg·L-1、4 0 0mg·L-1、6 0 0mg·L-1)作用人RPE细胞18h ;10 0mg·L-1的AGEs作用人RPE细胞不同时间 (2h、4h、8h、18h、2 4h、4 8h) ,取不同组别细胞作原位杂交 ,用图像分析仪分析染色结果。结果　随AGEs浓度的增加 ,人RPE细胞表达VEGFmRNA逐渐增强 ;随AGEs作用时间的延长 ,人RPE细胞表达VEGFmR NA逐渐增强。结论　AGEs能促使人RPE细胞表达VEGFmRNA ,并呈剂量和时间依赖性。     

曲尼司特对培养兔晶状体上皮细胞的作用

目的 观察曲尼司特(Tranilast)对培养兔晶状体上皮细胞增殖的作用及其对细胞周期的影响。方法 将传代的兔晶状体上皮细胞用含不同曲尼司特浓度的培养液培养，每天计数，绘制细胞生长曲线，收集细胞做流式细胞仪检查。空白培养液培养的细胞做阴性对照，含0．004％丝裂霉素C(MMC)培养液培养的细胞为阳性对照。结果 用180μmol／L的培养液培养细胞时细胞增殖明显受到抑制，随药物浓度增加，细胞增殖受抑制越明显，细胞生长曲线越低平，细胞形态变化不大。经流式细胞术进行细胞周期分析，随药物浓度增加G0／G1期细胞数增多(67．47％～79％)，而S期细胞数减少(21．19％～4．32％)。阳性对照组细胞于48h全部死亡。结论 曲尼司特具有抑制晶状体上皮细胞增殖的效果，且呈浓度依赖性。曲尼司特将细胞抑制在G1期的限制点内。     

汉防己甲素及地塞米松对兔结膜成纤维细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的　观察汉防己甲素 (tetrandrine,Tet)对体外培养的兔结膜成纤维细胞 (rab-bit conjunctival fibroblasts,RCF)增殖的抑制作用 ,探讨其与地塞米松 (dexamethasone,Dex)联合应用的价值 ,并对二者的抑制作用进行比较。方法　应用 MTT法 ,测定不同浓度的 Tet、Dex及 Tet联合 Dex对 RCF增殖的抑制作用。结果　浓度为 1 0 0、80、2 0、5、1 .2 5、0 .3 1 2 5mg· L-1的 Tet对 RCF的增殖均有抑制作用 ,其抑制率分别为 86.0 0 %、78.1 5%、62 .89%、3 0 .1 9%、1 8.0 4%、9.2 1 %,与对照组相比有显著性差异。半数抑制量(ID50 ) 2 0 0 mg·L-1的 Dex在联合 5mg· L-1的 Tet后 ,对细胞生长的抑制率为 49.2 5%.结论　 Tet对 RCF的增殖有抑制作用 ,且与药物浓度成正相关。 Dex联合 Tet有协同抑制作用。 Tet可能成为一种新型的抗眼部增殖性疾病的药物     

受体蛋白质酪氨酸激酶抑制剂影响兔晶状体上皮细胞增生的研究

目的　研究受体蛋白质酪氨酸激酶 (receptorprotein tyrosinekinase,RPTK)抑制剂染料木黄酮对兔晶状体上皮细胞增生和胞膜RTPK活性的影响 ,探讨使用染料木黄酮防治后发性白内障发生的机制。方法　培养兔晶状体上皮细胞 ;测定 5、10和 15mg/L染料木黄酮作用晶状体上皮细胞 3d的氚标记胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷 (tritiatdethymidine,3 H TdR)掺入率 ,以无染料木黄酮作用的晶状体上皮细胞作为对照组 ;应用Casnetllie改良法检测不同浓度染料木黄酮作用 2 4h后 ,兔晶状体上皮细胞膜RTPK活性的变化。结果　 5、10和 15mg/L染料木黄酮作用晶状体上皮细胞 3d的3 H TdR掺入率分别为 6 30± 137、4 89± 16 6和 314± 98,与对照组比较差异均有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且细胞增生抑制率随浓度增加而升高 ;不同浓度染料木黄酮作用 2 4h后兔晶状体上皮细胞中RTPK的活性均明显下降 ,其中 10和 15mg/L染料木黄酮作用的晶状体上皮细胞RTPK单位活性与无染料木黄酮作用者比较 ,差异均有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　染料木黄酮在体外可通过抑制细胞膜RTPK的活性而抑制兔晶状体上皮细胞增生     

γ-干扰素对肿瘤坏死因子α促进牛晶状体上皮细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的　观察γ-干扰素 (γ- interferon,γ- IFN )对肿瘤坏死因子α(tum or necrosisfactorα,TNF-α)所引起体外培养的牛晶状体上皮细胞增殖的抑制作用。方法　牛晶状体上皮细胞原代与传代培养。第 3代培养细胞中添加 TNF-α,浓度为 10 - 2 ～ 10 4μg· L- 1 ,通过甲基噻唑基四唑 (methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ,MTT)测定法 ,观察 TNF-α对牛晶状体上皮细胞的影响 ,进一步测定γ- IFN对 TNF-α增殖影响的抑制作用。结果　 TNF-α在体外有促进牛晶状体上皮细胞增殖作用并与 TNF-α有关 ,10～ 10× 10 3μg· L- 1 OD值明显升高 ,并以 10 3μg· L- 1 最为明显 ,而γ- IFN可以抑制这一作用。结论　 TNF-α是促进晶状体上皮细胞增殖、参与后囊形成混浊的一个重要的细胞因子。γ- IFN可抑制 TNF-α促牛晶状体上皮细胞增殖作用 ,因而能抑制后发性白内障的形成     

去整合素对人眼品状体上皮细胞的粘附移行作用

目的研究去整合素对体外培养的人眼晶状体上皮细胞生长的抑制作用。方法对先天性白内障患者术中环行撕前囊膜,进行原代培养并传代,取第2代细胞用于实验。抗粘附实验:将悬浮的细胞与不同浓度的去整合素(5μg·L-1、10μg·L-1、20μg·L-1、40μg·L-1、80μg·L-1)在37℃、50mL·L-1CO2条件下一起孵育30min。然后接种于涂有鼠尾胶原的96孔培养板。8h后,用HBSS轻洗各孔2次,MTT法测定粘附细胞的吸光度。抗移行实验:对融合的细胞进行划线,80μg·L-1的去整合素进行干预,24h、48h、72h后,细胞计数法观察裸露区内细胞的移行数量。结果不同浓度的去整合素(20μg·L-1、40μg·L-1、80μg·L-1)对晶状体上皮细胞的粘附均具有抑制作用且呈剂量依赖性。与对照组相比,24h、48h、72h内80μg·L-1的去整合素可显著抑制晶状体上皮细胞的移行。结论去整合素抑制体外培养的人眼晶状体上皮细胞的粘附及移行。     

雷帕霉素对兔晶状体上皮细胞增殖的影响

目的研究雷帕霉素（rapamycin）对培养的兔晶状体上皮细胞增殖的作用及其对细胞周期的影响。方法将传代的兔晶状体上皮细胞用含不同雷帕霉素浓度的培养液培养24h后，用NIT法测定5ng／ml、10ng／ml、20ng／ml、40ng/ml、80ng/ml雷帕霉素浓度组及对照组细胞的增殖情况；用流式细胞仪测定20ng/ml雷帕霉素浓度组及对照组细胞周期的变化情况。结果用5ng/ml的培养液培养细胞时，细胞增殖受到抑制（P〈0．05），随药物浓度增加，细胞增殖受抑制越明显；用10ng/ml的培养液培养细胞时，细胞增殖明显受到抑制（P〈0．01）。细胞周期分析显示，雷帕霉素（20ng/ml）作用后，G0／G1期细胞较对照组增多（由51．72％增加到61．63％），S期细胞较对照组减少（由34．92％减少至10．85％）。结论雷帕霉素具有抑制兔晶状体上皮细胞增殖的作用，且随浓度增加抑制作用增强。雷帕霉素将细胞抑制在G1期的限制点内。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Current Thoughts on the Aetiology of Ocular Changes during Contact Lens Wear

ABSTRACT: Contact lenses are known to produce changes to the ocular tissues, and this review attempts to give a comprehensive assemblage of the knowledge on the aetiology of such changes. To achieve this result, the changes are categorized by structure and function, and discussed according to the temporal nature of occurrence where appropriate. Although assessment of the importance of a particular tissue change is difficult, this overview enables some degree of judgement to be made on the aetiology of the major side-effects of contact lens wear. This gives a basis on which to modify aspects of contact lens wear to ultimately increase the success rate.     

The detection of motion in chromatic stimuli: first-order and second-order spatial structure

This study provides evidence for the existence of a low-level chromatic motion mechanism and further elucidates the conditions under which its operation becomes measurable in an experimental stimulus. Observers discriminated the direction of motion of amplitude modulated (AM) gratings that were defined by luminance or chromatic variation and masked with spatiotemporally broadband luminance or chromatic noise. The size and retinal location of the stimuli were varied and the effects of broadband noise and grating masks were both compared with the cohort of stimuli. Some significant disparities in the published literature were well explained by the results. In conclusion, evidence for a chromatically sensitive motion mechanism that evades the, detrimental effects of a luminance mask was found only at the fovea and only when the stimulus was small and centrally placed.     

Local chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of ocular malignancies

We critically analyze available peer-reviewed literature, including clinical trials and case reports, on local ocular cancer treatments. Recent innovations in many areas of ocular oncology have introduced promising new therapies, but, for the most part, the optimal treatment of ocular malignancies remains elusive.