手部带血管蒂皮瓣的临床应用

自1990年以来，我们应用手部带血管蒂皮瓣转移修复手指皮肤缺损50例，虎口皮肤缺损6例，效果满意。报告如下。1临床资料本组50例中男30例，女26例。年龄7～52岁，平均32岁。虎口皮肤缺损范围最大3．0cm×6．0cm，最小2．0cm×4．5cm。手指皮肤缺损情况见附在。皮瓣选用①食指背侧皮瓣修复虎口皮肤缺损；②指固有动脉顺行指测方皮瓣或掌背动脉颁行皮瓣修复拇指皮肤缺损；③指固有动脉逆行皮瓣修复2～5指未节指腹或指端皮肤缺损；④含指神经背侧支的指固有动脉蒂指背皮瓣修复指掌侧皮肤缺损；⑤掌背动脉逆行皮瓣修复指背皮肤缺损。皮瓣成活54…     

三种不同微型皮瓣修复手指掌侧功能区皮肤缺损的临床效果分析

目的探讨三种不同微型皮瓣修复手指掌侧功能区皮肤缺损的疗效。方法 2010年10月至2014年3月,本组收治46例52指手指掌侧单纯皮肤缺损的患者,缺损面积1.0 cm×1.5 cm~2.5 cm×5.0 cm。致伤原因:碾压伤10例,压砸伤19例,机器绞伤14例,化学烧伤3例。采用指固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复16指、指背皮神经营养血管筋膜蒂皮瓣修复24指、游离第二足趾侧方皮瓣修复12指,皮瓣供区取全厚皮片植皮修复。结果术后指固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣均顺利成活,指背皮神经营养血管筋膜蒂皮瓣部分坏死2例,经过换药愈合,游离第二足趾侧方皮瓣发生动脉危象1例,经过血管探查吻合成活。随访6~24个月,末次随访两点辨别觉恢复以游离第二足趾侧方皮瓣修复最佳,为5~6 mm。根据中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定标准评定,优37指,良10指,可5指。其中指固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复优9指、良4指、可3指,指背皮神经营养血管筋膜蒂皮瓣修复优16指、良6指,可2指,游离第二足趾侧方皮瓣修复12指均为优。结论游离第二足趾侧方皮瓣修复指掌侧皮肤缺损能最大限度地恢复手指形态、功能,且供区隐蔽,效果最佳。指固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣、指背皮神经营养血管筋膜蒂皮瓣操作安全、简单,适合基层医院开展。     

以指背动脉为蒂的邻指背侧岛状皮瓣移植修复指背皮肤缺损

为观察一种新型远端蒂皮瓣移植修复指背皮肤缺损的临床效果,选择2000-06/2006-04广东医学院附属医院整形外科指背远端皮肤缺损患者9例,应用指背动脉为蒂的邻指背侧逆行岛状皮瓣移植修复指背远端皮肤缺损。皮瓣轴线为邻指的指背动脉,血管蒂为相邻的患指指背动脉与邻指指背动脉,旋转点位于患指近节的中部或远1/3段。皮瓣最大切取面积为4cm×3cm,最小为2cm×1cm。结果显示术后9块皮瓣全部成活,未出现静脉回流障碍,各指尖关节伸屈功能良好。随访6个月9例,随访18个月7例,手指外形较为满意,活动度恢复正常。提示以指背动脉为蒂的邻指背侧岛状皮瓣设计合理,血供可靠,操作简便,损伤较小,适用于移植修复指背远端皮肤缺损。     

掌背皮神经营养血管蒂岛状皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损

目的总结分析用掌背皮神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损的疗效。方法2005年6月至2008年5月应用掌背皮神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣治疗手指软组织缺损30例,其中男21例,女9例;30例中拇指末节缺损6例,拇指指背缺损4例,食指指腹缺损5例,中指指腹缺损3例,示、中指指背软组织缺损各5例,环指指背软组织缺损2例。急诊手术27例,择期手术3例。皮瓣最大面积5．0cm×3．5cm,最小面积3．0cm×2．5cm。结果28例皮瓣成活良好,2例皮瓣术后2～3d出现暗紫、肿胀、结痂,经对症处理脱痂后成活;经5～12个月随访,手指外形和功能恢复满意。结论掌背皮神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣血供可靠,不损伤知名血管,操作简单,是修复手指软组织缺损较理想的皮瓣。     

指背神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复手指末节指腹缺损的临床疗效

目的探讨应用指背神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复手指末节指腹缺损的效果及对感觉功能重建的评价。方法选取2018年1月～2019年1月因外伤致手指末节指腹软组织缺损于我院就诊的患者120例,按入院先后顺序进行编号分为观察组和对照组各60例。对照组采用传统方法行指背动脉筋膜蒂皮瓣修复或邻指皮瓣修复,观察组采用指背神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复手指末节指腹缺损创面,术后观察并对两组患者进行3～8个月随访,比较两组患者皮瓣成活率、平均住院时间、皮瓣外观感觉评分及手指功能恢复情况。结果观察组和对照组皮瓣均全部存活,存活率均为100%;观察组平均住院时间低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组皮瓣外观感觉评分、两点辨别觉及指间关节活动度均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用指背神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复手指末节指腹缺损创面,住院时间短,皮瓣外观感觉和手指功能恢复好,值得临床推广。     

远端蒂掌指背皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损

目的应用手部掌指背皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损。方法采用远端蒂掌指背皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损15例,共15指。皮瓣面积为(1.2～2.5)cm×(1.5～4.2)cm,旋转点在近侧指间关节近侧0.5 cm平面。结果 15例皮瓣均完全成活,随访3～12个月,外形及功能均良好。结论远端蒂掌指背皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损血供可靠,操作简单,疗效满意,值得在各级医院包括基层医院推广应用。     

逆行拇桡侧指背动脉筋膜蒂掌骨皮瓣修复拇指末节复合组织缺损的护理

目的：总结逆行拇桡侧指背动脉筋膜蒂掌骨皮瓣修复拇指末节复合组织缺损围术期的护理措施。方法选取12例逆行拇桡侧指背动脉筋膜蒂掌骨皮瓣修复拇指末节复合组织缺损患者做好术前心理护理﹑健康教育﹑供受区皮肤准备等。术后详细了解手术经过,特别强调该骨皮瓣血供观察与普通皮瓣观察的区别,密切观察皮瓣的颜色﹑温度﹑张力﹑毛细血管充盈时间,卧位适当,病室环境适宜,保持患者良好心情,后期加强正确的康复指导。结果本组患者中仅1例术后发生静脉危象,经护士及时观察发现,汇报医生拆除部分缝线加强换药积极处理后皮瓣成活,其余11例逆行拇桡侧指背动脉筋膜蒂掌骨皮瓣均顺利成活。所有患者均为Ⅰ期愈合,未见皮肤溃疡、磨损等情况,拇指关节功能恢复至正常水平,无一例发生并发症。结论依据拇桡侧指背动脉筋膜蒂掌骨皮瓣血运的特点开展全面的围术期护理,可有效判断血管危象的实际发生情况,进而提高骨皮瓣移植成活率,具有确切的应用价值。     

小型皮瓣在手指软组织缺损的应用

目的：探讨手指各部位软组织缺损最佳皮瓣修复方法。方法：采用示指岛状皮瓣，手背逆行岛状皮瓣，邻指背随意皮瓣，指固有动脉为蒂手指方岛状皮瓣及V－Y皮瓣修复手指各部位缺损40例，结果：示指背岛状皮瓣修复拇指皮肤缺损8例，手背逆行岛状皮瓣修复示，中指皮肤缺损5例，指周有动脉为蒂指侧方岛状皮瓣修复中，环指皮肤缺损5例，邻指背随意皮修复示，中、环、小指指腹缺损12例，皮瓣全部成活，V－Y皮瓣修复指端缺损10例，除2例V－Y，皮瓣远端出现部分坏死，经换药后愈合外，其余全部成活。结论：手指皮肤缺损采用局部邻近部皮瓣修复具有损伤小，操作简单，疗效佳，疗程短等优点，部分患者可以同时Ⅰ期修复肌腱缺损和进行功能重建。     

手指皮肤软组织缺损的皮瓣修复

目的：探讨各种皮瓣对手指近、中、远节皮肤软组织缺损修复方法上的选择及应用。方法：1998年1月～2004年8月针对手指近中远节皮肤软组织缺损共99例病例分别采用6种皮瓣修复，其中包括局部血管蒂皮瓣和带皮蒂皮瓣，局部血管蒂皮瓣包括食指背岛状皮瓣、指动脉皮瓣、掌背动脉一指背动脉血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣、邻指皮瓣、鱼际皮瓣、腹部带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣。结果：全部成活，术后随访1～3年，皮瓣外形、血运、弹性、质地良好，手功能恢复满意。结论：手指皮肤软组织缺损的皮瓣覆盖面积相对较小，但对功能、外形、质地要求高，应根据具体情况及要求选择适宜的皮瓣修复，以期对手功能、外形恢复达到最佳。     

前臂逆行岛状皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损分析

目的观察前臂逆行岛状皮瓣移植修复手部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法1990年1月至2007年12月，采取多种前臂逆行岛状皮瓣转位移植修复手部皮肤软组织缺损18例，在前臂远端设计皮瓣，依据皮肤软组织缺损的部位分别选用不同皮瓣。其中桡动脉逆行岛状皮瓣7例、桡浅神经伴行营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣2例、桡浅神经伴行营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣2例、骨间背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣移植4例、骨问背动脉桡侧皮支逆行岛状皮瓣1例、尺动脉腕上支逆行岛状皮瓣2例、尺神经尺动脉背支为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣2例。结果3例皮瓣远端部分坏死，成活15例。经6～18个月的随访，皮瓣血运、弹性、质地良好，皮瓣面积最小为3cm×3．5cm，最大为10cm×14cm，修复后的手指外观满意。结论前臂逆行岛状皮瓣移植是修复手部皮肤软组织缺损的最佳皮瓣之一。     

逆行指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣修复手指指端缺损

目的探讨应用指动脉远侧指间关节背侧支逆行岛状皮瓣修复手指指端缺损的方法和疗效。方法本院于2010年6月--2012年3月期间应用指动脉远侧指间关节背侧支逆行岛状皮瓣修复手指指端缺损并指骨外露患者16例,其中食指10例,中指4例,环指2例。皮瓣切取范围1．0cm×2．6cm--1．5cm×3．6cm。结果本组有5例患者皮瓣术后出现水疱,3例皮瓣淤血,2例皮瓣远端部分坏死,经换药后愈合,其余全部成活,且供区伤口皮瓣完全成活。平均随访6个月,静态2点辨别觉6--8mm,手指外观及功能均满意。结论该皮瓣操作简便,不损伤指固有动脉及神经,成功率高,是修复指端软组织缺损的一种有效治疗方法。     

A new finger fillet design from an index finger with severe postburn flexion deformity

Treatment of postburn deformities of the hand is a real challenge to reconstructive surgeons. A functional reconstruction was achieved with two sensate island flaps on two discrete pedicles in a case with severe postburn deformity involving both thumb and index finger. Surgical treatment was based on amputation of the second ray and reconstruction of the thumb with the flaps derived from the discarded index finger. Two sensate island flaps on two discrete pedicles, "1st dorsal metacarpal artery based flap" from the dorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx and "palmar digital artery based fillet flap" composed of available volar skin of the index finger distal to contracture, were harvested and used for replacement of the soft tissue defect of the thumb that appeared after correction of bone and joint deformities. Both of the flaps survived and functional improvement was satisfactory at one-year follow-up. Despite the shortening of neurovascular bundles due to severe flexion deformity, a sensate thumb reconstruction with a better tissue match was achieved thanks to more beneficial design and orientation of two neorovascular island flaps from a deformed index finger. Instead of a single fillet flap design in its common use, our current approach allowed more beneficial use of a discarded index finger in severe postburn deformity involving both thumb and index finger.     

指动脉皮瓣修复手指深度烧伤——附32例报告

目的:评价指动脉皮瓣修复手指深度烧伤的临床效果。方法:手指深度烧伤伴肌腱及指骨外露患者32例共36指,应用带指动脉、神经蒂顺行岛状皮瓣推进术或指固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣转移术(包含吻合指神经背侧支指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣转移术)治疗,分别于术后3、6、12个月运用美国手外科学会总主动活动度(TAM)系统评定标准和按英国医学研究会(BMRC)标准,对患者供瓣区及被修复手指的感觉、运动、外观以及生活和工作质量进行评价。结果:术后半个月36指皮瓣全部存活,所有伤指运动功能恢复良好,无明显关节活动受限;长度良好,色泽正常,外观不臃肿,指腹饱满,质地柔软;指固有动脉顺行岛状皮瓣及吻合指固有神经背侧支指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣感觉恢复好;日常生活不受影响且恢复了工作。29例32指获完整随访,其中行带指动脉、神经蒂顺行岛状皮瓣推进术9指的术后3、6、12个月的平均综合评定均为优;指固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣转移术15指术后3、6、12个月的平均综合评定分别为良、良、优,吻合指神经背侧支指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣转移术8指术后3、6、12个月的平均综合评定分别为良、优、优。结论:该类术式简单,可一次完成,皮瓣外形佳,是目前较为理想的治疗方法,使手指保持良好的功能与形态,供区功能和外形也较好。     

外科皮瓣重建修复指端缺损

【目的】探讨应用外科皮瓣重建指端缺损的疗效并探讨其治疗策略。【方法】回顾性分析2003年1月至2008年12月采用伤指邻近皮瓣和游离足趾皮瓣修复手指指端缺损285例328指的临床资料。【结果】术后伤指邻近皮瓣中有13例手指袁浅坏死,游离足趾皮瓣全部成活。术后随访2周～1年,皮瓣的血运、质地、弹性良好,感觉以指神经血管束蒂皮瓣恢复最佳,与术前相近似;游离足趾皮瓣、侧支血管皮瓣的两点辨别觉为5～10mm,手指活动好,外观令人满意。【结论】严格掌握手术适应证,选择伤指邻近皮瓣和游离足趾皮瓣可修复指端缺损创面,并获得良好的修复外形和满意的功能恢复。     

Flow-through踇趾腓侧皮瓣游离移植修复断指再植

背景：断指再植损伤性质不同,组织损伤各异,单纯的组织或者血管、神经损伤用传统的邻指、腹部皮瓣等可以覆盖创面,容易修复,但时间长,需2次手术,外形患者不满意。目的：探讨Flow-through踇趾腓侧皮瓣游离移植在断指再植中的修复效果。方法：2011年1月至2013年10月应用Flow-through踇趾腓侧皮瓣游离移植修复合并软组织缺损的断指11例,其中男8例,女3例;年龄23-42岁;皮肤缺损范围2.0 cm×1.5 cm至4.0 cm×2.2 cm;血管缺损1-3 cm,平均1.5 cm;皮瓣切取范围在2.2 cm×1.7 cm至4.5 cm×2.5 cm。结果与结论：随访6-18个月,全部断指均成活。10例皮瓣一期愈合;1例皮瓣边缘部分坏死,经过换药后逐渐愈合,皮瓣外形好,色泽质地与正常手指基本相似。患指末梢两点分辨觉为4-10 mm。手指屈伸功能良好,根据中华医学会手外科分会上肢部分功能评定标准,优9例,良2例。提示Flow-through踇趾腓侧皮瓣游离移植能同时修复皮肤软组织缺损和血管缺损,对于合并有节段性皮肤软组织缺损的断指,是一种较好的修复方案。     

Perforator-based reverse radial forearm flap to reconstruct multiple third-degree burn defects of the fingers.

Adequate soft-tissue coverage is a cornerstone for successful hand reconstruction in burn patients allowing for hand mobilization and rehabilitation. Multiple finger injuries that involve separate soft-tissue defects with complex wounds challenge the reconstruction dilemma. In this case report, a modified application of reverse radial forearm flap for the simultaneous reconstruction of multiple separate finger defects for burn cases is presented. A 23-year-old heavy industry worker is presented with a history of third-degree electrical burn of left index and middle fingers. The proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of the both fingers were exposed. A distally based radial forearm flap with a dimension 7.5 x 6 cm was planned. The flap was transposed to the distal defect and splitted. The bilobed flap was inset. A tendon graft is used to span the gap of extensor apparatus before insetting the flaps in both fingers. The donor defect was closed primarily. A satisfactory coverage is observed in the recipient areas. Finger functions including full range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal and PIP joints of the index and PIP and distal interphalangeal joints of long fingers were observed. The technique presented here is advantageous as it is easy to perform, covers multiple finger defects simultaneously, avoids long-term immobilization, saves the operative time, avoids microsurgery. Donor site is closed primarily and finally this approach ensures a simultaneous repair of complex wounds with multiple vital anatomical structures i.e. bone, tendon, joint, and soft tissue.     

Closure of digital arteries in high vascular tone states as demonstrated by measurement of systolic blood pressure in the fingers

Finger systolic blood pressure (FSP) was measured indirectly in normal subjects and patients with primary Raynaud phenomenon by applying a thin-walled plastic cuff around the finger and a strain gauge more distally to detect volume changes. Inducing a high vascular tone in one or more fingers by direct cooling or intra-arterial noradrenaline infusion caused a marked drop in FSP in the exposed fingers, but not in the non-exposed fingers of the same hand. The fact that the non-exposed fingers retained the normal (arm systolic) pressure level is taken to indicate that palmar arch blood pressure also remained normal. In the high vascular tone state, a large transmural pressure difference must apparently be established before the digital arteries are forced open. The lowered opening pressure constitutes a manifestation of the closure phenomenon of the digital arteries described in patients with vasospastic arterial disease. It implies an underestimation of palmar arch systolic pressure measured indirectly on the fingers. FSP measured under these circumstances may be taken as an estimate of the vascular tone, and can be employed in diagnosis and quantification of vasospastic disorders.     

E-flow显像评价系统性硬化病患者指端微循环变化

目的 探讨高频超声结合E-flow显像评价系统性硬化病(systemic sclerosis,SSc)患者指端微循环病变的临床价值.方法 SSc患者 24 例,正常对照组 29 例,均行高频超声检查并结合E-flow显像,观察各组受试者左右手中指末节指端血管分布特征、走行,测量指掌侧固有动脉、指腹动脉及甲床动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、平均血流速度(MV)、阻力指数(RI)及搏动指数(PI).结果 对照组末节指端血流信号丰富,可清晰显示指掌侧固有动脉、指腹动脉、甲床动脉及其细小分支;SSc末节指端血流显示欠清晰,连续性欠佳,血流分布明显减少.与对照组相比,SSc组中指末端指掌侧固有动脉、指腹动脉及甲床动脉PSV、EDV、MV均减低(P＜0.01),而RI及PI增高(P＜0.05).对照组左右侧指端动脉血流参数无明显差异(P＞0.05),而SSc组左侧指掌侧固有动脉PSV、EDV及MV指标较右侧增高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 高频超声结合E-flow显像可敏感、准确地反映SSc患者的指端微循环变化,为临床评价SSc患者微血管病变情况提供了新方法.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical value of high frequency ultrasonography with E-flow imaging in the evaluation of fingertip's microcirculation changes in patients with systemic sclerosis(SSc).Methods Twenty-four SSc patients and 29 healthy subjects were involved.High frequency ultrasonography with E-flow imaging was used to observe the configuration and distribution of digital arteries in the last segment of left and right middle finger.Peak systolic velocity (PSV),end diastolic velocity (EDV),mean velocity(MV),vascular resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index(PI) of digital palmar propria arteries,nail bed arteries and finger ventral arteries were measured.Results In control group,rich blood supply was revealed within the fingertips.Digital palmar propria arteries,nail bed arteries and finger ventral arteries and their small branches were displayed clearly and continuously by E-flow imaging.While in SSc patients,the definition and continuity of fingertip's small vascular flow images were not as good as that in the control group,with the distribution of blood flow markedly reduced.compared with the control group,PSV,EDV and MV of digital palmar propria arteries,nail bed arteries,finger ventral arteries were decreased in SSc group(P＜0.01),but both RI and PI were increased(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between left and right fingertip's arteries index in normal control group (P＞0.05).But PSV,EDV and MV of left digital palmar propria arteries in SSc group were higher than that of the right(P＜0.05),whose differences bear statistic significance.Conclusions High frequency ultrasonography with E-flow imaging is sensitive and reliable to reflect fingertip's microcirculation changes and provide a new method to assess microvascular changes in SSc patients.