不同转移潜能的人肿瘤细胞系金属蛋白酶活性分析

目的探讨不同转移潜能的人类肿瘤细胞的金属蛋白酶（ＭＭＰｓ）活性与其侵袭转移潜能的相关性。方法分别选取具有不同转移潜能的人类肺癌细胞系（ＰＧ、ＰＡａ、ＢＥ１、ＣＬ３、ＬＨ７）、黑色素瘤细胞系（ＷＭ３５、ＷＭ１３４１ｂ、ＷＭ９８３ａ、ＷＭ４５１）及前列腺癌细胞系（ＰＣ，ＰＣ３Ｍ），经细胞培养，条件培养基的收集与浓缩，利用明胶Ｚｙｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ法检测以上各组细胞ＭＭＰ２和ＭＭＰ９的产生及活性差异，并将这种差异与各自的转移潜能联系起来。结果转移能力相对较高的细胞系产生ＭＭＰｓ的能力相应强于转移能力相对较低者：ＰＧ高于ＰＡａ，ＢＥＩ高于ＣＬ３和ＬＨ７。在进展期黑色素瘤株ＷＭ９８３ａ和转移瘤株ＷＭ４５１出现了ＭＭＰ９的表达，早期瘤株则无。前列腺瘤细胞ＰＣ３的转移性克隆ＰＣ３Ｍ的条件培养基中有较高的ＭＭＰ９活性。结论肿瘤细胞的侵袭转移潜能与其产生ＭＭＰｓ的能力密切相关。     

胃腺癌细胞侵袭亚系的筛选及母,亚两系生物学特征的比较

应用人羊膜成功地筛选了侵袭性较强的胃腺癌细胞亚系，并比较了母、亚两系某些生物学特性。实验证明亚系细胞体外移动性和体内移植瘤的生长率及转称率均明显高于母系细胞。结论：（１）羊膜基底膜可作为筛选某些肿瘤细胞亚系的有效侵袭滤膜；（２）胃腺癌细胞系具有肿瘤异质性；（３）筛选的亚系细胞较母系细胞具有明显的高侵袭力和高转移力。本文对肿瘤异质性与侵袭机理进行了探讨。     

应用RNA干扰技术研究激素非依赖性高转移潜能前列腺癌细胞中survivin的表达及意义

目的研究 survivin 在激素非依赖性高转移潜能前列腺癌中的表达及其与前列腺癌的生物学行为及侵袭和转移潜能的相关性。方法应用 RNA 干扰技术构建 survivin 真核表达载体,转染人激素非依赖性前列腺癌高转移亚系 PC-3M-1E8细胞系。通过细胞生长曲线、肿瘤细胞裸鼠异种接种、软琼脂集落形成实验检测体内、体外细胞生长能力;流式细胞术检测 survivin RNA 干扰质粒对细胞周期及细胞凋亡的影响,Western blot 检测 caspase3活性片段,观察 survivin 抑制细胞凋亡的情况;Matrigel 穿膜实验检测肿瘤细胞体外侵袭能力。结果稳定转染 survivin RNA 干扰质粒的 PC-3M-1E8细胞中 survivin 的 mRNA 及蛋白水平明显降低,蛋白水平与阴性对照组相比,约下降78%～80%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);体外培养细胞生长速度及裸鼠体内肿瘤生长速度均明显减慢,锚着不依赖性生长的能力(软琼脂克隆形成数:14.33±3.51)与阴性对照组(52.33±6.81)及空白对照组(54.00±6.00)相比明显降低(P<0.01);凋亡细胞比例明显增加,空白对照组、阴性对照组及干扰阳性组的凋亡比例分别为5.88±0.99、6.97±1.60、16.40±1.95,干扰阳性组的凋亡比例显著高于对照组(P<0.01),并伴有 caspase3活性片段的表达增加;细胞阻滞在 G_0/G_1期(干扰阳性组、阴性对照组及空白对照组的细胞 G_0/G_1期的比例分别为52.71±1.10、43.59±1.83及43.65±3.44,P<0.05),并在细胞形态学上出现多核巨细胞现象;细胞体外侵袭能力明显降低,干扰阳性组的细胞(38.67±6.59)与阴性对照组(46.07±9.97)及空白对照组(47.87±9.58)相比穿膜细胞数明显减少(P<0.05)。结论 survivin 在激素非依赖性高转移潜能前列腺癌中高表达,并与细胞凋亡、细胞生长及肿瘤侵袭有关。抑制 survivin 的表达可能成为临床治疗激素非依赖性前列腺癌的方法之一。     

胃腺癌细胞侵袭亚系的筛选及母、亚两系生物学特性的比较

应用人羊膜成功地筛选了侵袭性较强的胃腺癌细胞亚系，并比较了母、亚两系某些生物学特性。实验证明亚系细胞体外移动性和体内移植瘤的生长率及转移率均明显高于母系细胞。结论：（１）羊膜基底膜可作为筛选某些肿瘤细胞亚系的有效侵袭滤膜；（２）胃腺癌细胞系具有肿瘤异质性；（３）筛选的亚系细胞较母系细胞具有明显的高侵袭力和高转移力。本文对肿瘤异质性与侵袭机理进行了探讨。     

Doxycycline对PC—3细胞金属蛋白酶表达及生物学行为影响的意义

目的 研究Doxycycline抑制雄性激素非依赖型前列腺癌细胞PC－3细胞金属蛋白酶蛋白酶的表达及其与体外侵袭转移能力的关系。方法 以免疫组织化学方法和transwell小室法研究不同浓度的Doxycycline对PC-3金属蛋白酶的表达的影响及对体外侵袭转移能力的影响。结果 免疫组织化学方法检测结果表明Doxycycline可以抑制PC－3细胞对金属蛋白酶蛋白的表达,transwell小室法结果显示Doxycycline可以抑制PC－3的侵袭转移能力,且两者均具有浓度依赖性。结论 Doxycycline可以抑制PC－3的侵袭及转移,与其抑制金属蛋白酶的表达有关。为Doxycycline治疗前列腺癌提供了实验依据。     

液泡型ATP酶C亚基ATP6V0C在人前列腺癌细胞系中的表达及其意义

目的探讨液泡型ATP酶C亚基ATP6V0C在不同转移潜能人前列腺癌细胞系中的表达及其意义。方法采用半定量RT-PCR、荧光实时定量RT-PCR和Western blot法检测ATP6V0C在人不同转移潜能前列腺癌细胞系PC-3M-1E8、PC-3M(高转移潜能)和PC-3M-2B4、PC-3(低转移潜能)中的表达。结果 ATP6V0C在PC-3M-1E8、PC-3M细胞系中的mRNA及蛋白表达量均明显高于在PC-3M-2B4、PC-3细胞系中的表达,其中,ATP6V0C在PC-3M-1E8中的表达最高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ATP6V0C在高转移潜能人前列腺癌细胞系中的表达明显高于低转移潜能人前列腺癌细胞系,证明其和肿瘤的转移密切相关,有可能成为判断人前列腺癌侵袭和转移的重要指标及治疗前列腺癌的新靶点。     

鞘糖脂微结构域1相关磷酸化蛋白基因的筛选及其对转移性前列腺癌细胞生物学行为的影响

目的 筛选肿瘤转移相关新基因,探讨鞘精脂微结构域1相关磷酸化蛋白基因(PAG1)转染对人前列腺癌细胞系PC-3M的高转移亚系PC-3M-1E8体外生物学行为的影响.方法 利用PC-3M高转移亚系PC-3M-1E8、低转移亚系PC-3M-284,人肺巨细胞痛细胞系(PG)高转移亚系PG-BE1和低转移亚系PG-LH7 cDNA制作4张基因芯片,筛选出PC-3M和PG高、低转移亚系共同差异表达基因.对在两个转移亚系共同表达下调的PAG1基因做进一步研究,采用即时定量PCR及Western blot验证PAG1在PC-3M细胞系中的表达.构建pcDNA3.0-PAG1真核表达载体,稳定转染PC-3M-1E8细胞.MTT比色实验及软琼脂集落形成实验检测肿瘤细胞体外增殖能力;流式细胞术检测肿瘤细胞周期及凋亡;Matrigel穿膜实验检测肿瘤细胞体外侵袭能力.结果 基因芯片初步筛选出PC-3M高、低转移亚系差异表达基因共327个,上调基因123个,下调基因204个.PG高、低转移亚系差异表达基因共281个,上调基因167个,下调基因114个.PC-3M与PG高转移亚系共同表达下调基因9个、上调基因8个.即时定量PCR及Western blot证实PAG1在PC-3M高转移亚系中表达低于低转移亚系.MTT比色及软琼脂集落形成实验显示转染pcDNA3.0-PAG1组细胞增殖速度明显低于转染空载体组和未转染组(均P<0.05).细胞周期检测转染pcDNA3.0-PAG1组比转染空载体组和未转染组处于G_0～G_1期的细胞百分数明显增加(P<0.05).转染pcDNA3.0-PAG1组与转染空载体组和未转染组相比凋亡细胞百分率无显著差异(P>0.05).体外穿膜侵袭实验结果表明转染pcDNA3.0-PAG1组比转染空载体组和未转染组穿膜细胞数目明显减少,分别为(35.1±4.9)、(127.6±6.6)和(135.0±5.0)个(P<0.05).结论 利用同一母系来源的高、低转移亚系制作基因芯片可以摒除转移无关基因的干扰,筛选出差异表达的肿瘤转移相关基因.PAG1基因稳定转染能抑制人前列腺癌高转移亚系PC-3M-1E8细胞的体外增殖能力和侵袭能力,PAG1基因可能是一个潜在的肿瘤增殖、侵袭和转移的抑制基因.     

转移潜能不同的小鼠肺腺癌亚系的生物学性质的比较

本文利用来源于同一母系的具不同转移潜能的亚系LA1、LAD、LA5,比较研究了它们的细胞电泳速度、运动性及其与不同靶细胞或基质的粘附性。结果表明:三个亚系细胞的电泳速度、运动性与其转移潜能相一致,瘤细胞自身粘附性及其与成纤维细胞的粘附性与其转移潜能则相反。可见瘤细胞电泳速度的加快,运动能力的增强及自身粘附性的下降均有利于其侵袭和转移。     

前列腺癌细胞系中TMSG-1的表达及其意义

目的 探讨一种新的肿瘤转移抑制基因TMSG-1(tumor metastasis suppressor gene 1,TMSG-1)在不同转移潜能前列腺癌细胞系中的表达及其意义.方法 采用半定量RT-PCR、Western blotting、细胞爬片免疫组化PV-9000法来检测TMSG-1在人不同转移潜能前列腺癌细胞系PC-3M-2B4(低转移潜能)和PC-3M-IE8(高转移潜能)中的表达情况.结果 TMSG-1在PC-3M-2B4(低转移潜能)细胞系中的mRNA及蛋白表达量均明显高于在PC-3M-IE8(高转移潜能)细胞系中的表达,具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 TMSG-1在低转移潜能前列腺癌细胞系中的表达明显高于在高转移潜能前列腺癌细胞系中的表达,证明它是一种肿瘤转移抑制基因,有可能成为判断前列腺癌细胞浸润及转移的重要预后指标.     

利用基因扫描分析TCR Vβ亚家族的CDR3长度方法检测T细胞克隆性

分析了健康人、Ｔ－ＡＬＬ外周血及Ｔ细胞株Ｍｏｌｔ－４和Ｊｕｒｋａｔ中ＴＣＲＶβＴ细胞的表达和克隆性。应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增ＴＣＲＶβ２４个亚家族的ＣＤＲ３，并经基因扫描和序列分析确定Ｔ细胞克隆性。结果表明健康人表达除Ｖβ２０外的多克隆Ｔ细胞；Ｔ－ＡＬＬ仅表达３～４个Ｖβ亚家族Ｔ细胞；部分呈寡克隆性；Ｍｏｌｔ－４和Ｊｕｒｋａｔ分别表达Ｖβ２和Ｖβ８单克隆Ｔ细胞。Ｔ－ＡＬＬ中存在克隆性生长Ｔ细胞。该方法是检测Ｔ细胞克隆性的敏感和精确的方法。     

Characterisation of breast cancer cell lines and establishment of a novel isogenic subclone to study migration,invasion and tumourigenicity

The process of tumour invasion and subsequent metastasis represents the most lethal aspect of cancer. In this study the invasive and migratory activity of four human breast cancer cell lines; MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, BT474 and Hs578T was investigated. Isogenic subclones were isolated from the Hs578T cell line using sequential passages through the BD Matrigel Invasion Chamber assay system. A new invasive subclone designated, Hs578Ts(i)8 was isolated and shown to be 3-fold more invasive and 2.5-fold more migratory than the parental cell line. The variant cells formed up to 25 times more colonies in soft agar and also produced tumours in vivo in nude mice. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the Hs578Ts(i)8 cells had 30% more CD44+/CD24-/low cells than the parental Hs578T cell line. The presence of a breast cancer stem cell population within the variant cell line may provide an explanation for the increased anchorage independent growth and tumourigenicity.     

Chromosome 18 suppresses tumorigenic properties of human prostate cancer cells

Although prostate cancer is still the most diagnosed cancer in men, most genes implicated in its progression are yet to be identified. Chromosome abnormalities have been detected in human prostate tumors, many of them associated with prostate cancer progression. Indeed, alterations (including deletions or amplifications) of more than 15 human chromosomes have been reported in prostate cancer. We hypothesized that transferring normal human chromosomes into human prostate cancer cells would interfere with their tumorigenic and/or metastatic properties. We used microcell-mediated chromosome transfer to introduce human chromosomes 10, 12, 17, and 18 into highly tumorigenic (PC-3M-Pro4) and highly metastatic (PC-3M-LN4) PC-3-derived cell lines. We tested the in vitro and in vivo properties of these hybrids. Introducing chromosome 18 into the PC-3M-LN4 prostate cancer cell line greatly reduced its tumorigenic phenotype. We observed retarded growth in soft agar, decreased invasiveness through Matrigel, and delayed tumor growth into nude mice, both subcutaneously and orthotopically. This phenotype is associated with a marker in the 18q21 region. Combined with the loss of human chromosome 18 regions often seen in patients with advanced prostate cancer, our results show that chromosome 18 encodes one or more tumor-suppressor genes whose inactivation contributes to prostate cancer progression.     

Increased metastatic potential in human prostate carcinoma cells by overexpression of arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase

Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (LOX) converts arachidonic acid to 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), a bioactive lipid implicated in tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. Alteration in 12-LOX expression or activity has been reported in various carcinomas including prostate carcinoma. However, little is known about the impact of the altered expression or activity of 12-LOX on tumor metastasis. In the present study, we examined whether or not an increase in 12-LOX expression in human prostate carcinoma cells can modulate their metastatic potential. We report that increased expression of 12-LOX in PC-3 cells caused a significant change in cell adhesiveness, spreading, motility, and invasiveness. Specifically 12-LOX transfected PC-3 cells were more adhesive toward vitronectin, type I and IV collagen, but not to fibronectin or laminin, than cells transfected with control vector. Increased spreading on vitronectin, fibronectin, collagen type I and IV also was observed in 12-LOX transfected PC-3 cells when compared to control PC-3 cells. The increased spreading of 12-LOX transfected PC-3 cells was blocked by treatment with 12-LOX inhibitors, baicalein and CDC. 12-LOX transfected PC-3 cells were more invasive through Matrigel than cells transfected with control vector. In vivo, tumor cell invasion to surrounding muscle or fat tissues was more frequent in nude mice bearing s.c. tumors from 12-LOX transfected PC-3 cells than in those from control vector transfected cells. When injected via the tail vein into SCID mice with implanted human bone fragments, there was an increase in tumor metastasis to human bone by 12-LOX transfected PC-3 cells in comparison to control vector transfected cells. Taken together, our data suggest that an increase in 12-LOX expression enhances the metastatic potential of human prostate cancer cells. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Integrin α5β1: a potent inhibitor of experimental lung metastasis

The integrin alpha5beta1 seems to be the most relevant receptor of tumor cells for binding to fibronectin. Although numerous studies suggest a role of tumor cell fibronectin interaction in tumor metastasis, differential integrin expression on tumor cells has, however, not been correlated with metastatic capabilities. We addressed this question by transfection of the integrin alpha5beta1 cDNA into HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells which led to de novo expression of functional integrin alpha5beta1. Similar to other reports, expression of the integrin alpha5beta1 in HT-29 tumor cells exerted an inhibitory action on cell proliferation as indicated in our study by formation of fewer colonies in soft agar. The tumor growth inhibitory property of the integrin alpha5beta1 was also shown by reduction of subcutaneous xenograft growth in nude mice to approximately 50% of that of control transfectants. For the first time, we found that several clones of integrin alpha5 subunit transfectants displayed dramatically reduced formation of lung colonies and cutaneous metastasis after intravenous injection into nude mice. While most animals inoculated with control transfectant cells formed macroscopically visible lung colonies ranging from 12.6 +/- 2.6 to 22.0 +/- 6.6 (mean colony number +/- SEM), mice inoculated with HT-29 cell clones expressing the integrin alpha5beta1 were almost completely free of lung colonies (ranging from 0.0 +/- 0 to 0.2 +/- 0.1). Our results imply that integrin alpha5beta1 expression inhibits circulating tumor cells in pursuing late steps of the metastatic process as represented by the artificial metastasis (lung colonisation) model.     

P2Y嘌呤受体活化的PI-3K信号通路在前列腺癌细胞生长和侵袭中的作用

目的研究P2Y嘌呤受体激动剂对前列腺癌细胞PI-3K信号通路的激活及对肿瘤细胞生长和侵袭的影响。方法以高转移的人前列腺癌细胞系1E8为研究对象,以Western blot法,用特异性识别磷酸化Akt的抗体检测PI-3K信号通路的活化情况;以细胞计数、流式细胞术、Matrigel侵袭实验等方法检测P2Y受体激活的PI-3K／Akt信号通路在前列腺癌细胞生长和侵袭中的作用。结果P2Y嘌呤受体激动剂以时间和剂量依赖的方式激活了1E8细胞中的PI-3K／Akt信号通路。其持续刺激导致的生长抑制作用主要通过将细胞阻滞在S期实现（刺激组S期细胞分数比对照组提高22．3％）。应用特异性抑制剂LY294002阻断PI-3K通路明显影响1E8细胞的生长,但不能逆转P2Y受体介导的生长抑制作用。P2Y受体瞬时激活对前列腺癌细胞体外侵袭的促进作用主要通过增强细胞的运动能力（刺激组划痕修复率比对照组提高21．2％）,而非提高基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-2和MMP-9的酶解活性实现,且此促侵袭作用可被LY294002明显抑制。结论P2Y嘌呤受体可以激活人前列腺癌细胞的PI．3K信号通路,并通过这条通路促进肿瘤细胞的运动能力进而促进侵袭;该通路是前列腺癌细胞生长的重要调节通路,但不参与P2Y嘌呤受体对前列腺癌细胞生长抑制的调节。     

不同侵袭潜能卵巢癌细胞系蛋白质谱的比较

目的探讨与卵巢癌侵袭潜能相关的蛋白质。方法将卵巢癌细胞系SKOV-3在裸鼠体内多次传代,体外培养建系,结合体外黏附、侵袭、移动实验,筛选不同侵袭潜能的细胞亚系,用表面增强激光解吸电离-飞行时间-质谱技术检测其蛋白质谱。结果SKOV-3F3细胞亚系较其母系SKOV-3侵袭潜能更高。有6个差异蛋白质峰(质荷比M/Z分别为6249、14675、15425、15717、17123和17660)仅在SKOV-3中表达,3个差异蛋白质峰(M/Z分别为4355、4823和5763)仅在SKOV-3F3中表达,2个差异蛋白质峰(M/Z分别为1842和3145)可在SKOV-3的3代亚系中捕获。此外,5个差异蛋白质峰(M/Z分别为1242、5465、6899、6568和14027)和1组蛋白质谱峰簇在SKOV-3和其3代亚系中均可表达,但强度不同。结论体内传代结合体外实验可筛选出不同侵袭潜能的卵巢癌细胞,它们之间的差异蛋白与侵袭潜能密切相关。     

Transfection of MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells with bone sialoprotein (BSP) stimulates migration and invasion in vitro and growth of primary and secondary tumors in nude mice

We have investigated the role of bone sialoprotein (BSP), a secreted glycoprotein normally found in bone, in breast cancer progression. To explore functions for BSP in human breast cancer invasion and metastasis, the full-length BSP cDNA was transfected into the MDA-MB-231-BAG human breast cancer cell line under the control of the CMV promoter. Clones expressing BSP and vector control clones were isolated. BSP producing clones showed increased monolayer wound healing, a faster rate of stellate outgrowth in Matrigel and increased rate of invasion into a collagen matrix when compared to control clones. Clones were also examined in models of breast cancer growth and metastasis in vivo. BSP transfected clones showed an increased rate of primary tumor growth following mammary fat pad injection of nude mice. BSP transfected clones and vector control clones metastasized to soft organs and bone at a similar rate after intra-cardiac injection as determined by real-time PCR and X-ray analysis. Although these organs were targets for both BSP transfected and non-transfected cells, the size of the metastatic lesion was shown to be significantly larger for BSP expressing clones. This was determined by real-time PCR analysis for soft organs and by X-ray analysis of bone lesions. For bone this was confirmed by intra-tibial injections of cells in nude mice. We conclude that BSP acts to drive primary and secondary tumor growth of breast cancers in vivo.