Vitallium 2000+钴铬钼合金和纯钛在不同人工唾液中耐腐蚀性的评价

目的评价Vitallium 2000+钴铬钼合金和纯钛对不同氟浓度和溶解氧浓度的耐腐蚀性。方法采用ZahnerIM6e型电化学工作站及THALESanalysis软件测得金属试件在不同人工唾液中的动电位极化曲线,并得到自腐蚀电位(Ecorr)、自腐蚀电流密度(Icorr)和极化电阻(Rp)等指标。结果在酸性、溶解氧浓度(DO)≥8.1 ppm的人工唾液中加入0.05%F-,纯钛试件极化曲线上移,Icorr增大,Rp减小(P﹤0.05),而Vitallium试件极化曲线没有偏移,Icorr、Rp基本不变(P﹥0.05);当F-浓度增大到0.2%,纯钛和Vitallium试件极化曲线均上移,Icorr增大,Rp减小(P﹤0.05)。当纯钛和Vitallium试件处于无氧状态(DO≤0.1 ppm),极化曲线均上移,Icorr增大,Rp减小(P﹤0.05)。结论低浓度氟不会影响Vitallium 2000+钴铬钼合金的耐腐蚀性,但会降低纯钛的耐腐蚀性;高浓度氟和低溶解氧均会降低两者的耐腐蚀性。     

铸造前纯钛和钴铬合金的耐腐蚀性研究

目的:探讨纯钛和新配方钴铬合金在体外的电化学腐蚀性.方法:应用Tafel曲线电化学腐蚀测量法,将纯钛合金和新配方钴铬合金浸泡在人工唾液和自来水中,温度室温,pH值为6.8,测量试件的腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流密度和极化电阻.应用扫描电镜(SEM)观察试件表面形态变化.结果:纯钛和钴铬合金在人工唾液和自来水中的腐蚀性均有显著差异(P<0.05),并且同种金属在人工唾液和自来水中的腐蚀性也存在显著差异(P<0.05).扫描电镜观察表明,纯钛金属表面的腐蚀痕迹比钴铬合金表面的腐蚀痕迹明显.结论:新配方钴铬合金比纯钛有较好的耐腐蚀性,而人工唾液比自来水对这两种金属的腐蚀性的影响更大.     

钴铬、镍铬、含钛镍铬烤瓷合金在人工唾液中耐腐蚀性能的比较

目的:评价钴铬、镍铬、含钛镍铬烤瓷合金在人工唾液中的耐腐蚀性能。方法:采用动电位极化曲线法测定钴铬、镍铬、含钛镍铬烤瓷合金试件的自腐蚀电流密度、极化电阻、自腐蚀电位,并得出3种合金的极化曲线。应用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FSEM),观察实验前、后试件表面的形貌变化。采用SPSS11.0软件包对数据进行单因素方差分析。结果:钴铬合金试件自腐蚀电流密度显著低于镍铬合金(P<0.05)及含钛镍铬合金(P<0.05);含钛镍铬合金试件自腐蚀电流密度低于镍铬合金(P<0.05)。钴铬合金试件的极化电阻显著高于镍铬合金(P<0.05)及含钛镍铬合金(P<0.05);含钛镍铬合金试件的极化电阻明显高于镍铬合金(P<0.05)。钴铬合金试件的自腐蚀电位高于镍铬合金(P<0.05)及含钛镍铬合金(P>0.05);含钛镍铬合金试件的自腐蚀电位高于镍铬合金(P>0.05)。FSEM显示,钴铬合金试样表面腐蚀较镍铬合金及含钛镍铬合金轻微。结论:钴铬烤瓷合金的耐腐蚀性优于镍铬烤瓷合金及含钛镍铬烤瓷合金,含钛镍铬烤瓷合金耐腐蚀性不及镍铬烤瓷合金。     

氟离子对两种不同工艺制作的钴铬合金耐腐蚀性能的影响

目的 在模拟口腔环境下研究氟离子对采用选择性激光熔覆（SLM）技术和传统铸造技术两种工艺制作的钴铬合金耐腐蚀性的影响。方法 选择具有相同材料成分的钴铬合金金属粉末和金属块,分别采用SLM（SLM组）和铸造技术（Cast组）各制作15个试件,置于含不同氟离子质量分数（0、0.05%、0.20%）的酸性人工唾液（pH值为5.0）中浸泡24 h进行电化学试验,采用动电位极化曲线法测试合金的自腐蚀电位Ecorr、自腐蚀电流密度Icorr和极化电阻Rp,同时结合扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察,分析两组试件的耐腐蚀性能。结果 铸造工艺制作的钴铬合金在酸性人工唾液中的Ecorr随着氟离子质量分数的升高而减小。当氟离子质量分数为0.20%时,两种工艺制作的钴铬合金的Ecorr、Icorr、Rp均有明显改变（P<0.05）,SEM结果也显示合金表面均出现腐蚀现象。当氟离子质量分数为0.20%时,Cast组钴铬合金的Icorr高于SLM组,而Ecorr和Rp低于SLM组（P<0.05）。结论 氟离子可降低两种工艺制作的钴铬合金的耐腐蚀性,在氟离子质量分数较高（0.20%）时,SLM技术制作的钴铬合金的耐腐蚀性优于铸造工艺制作的钴铬合金。     

不同浓度茶多酚人工唾液溶液对牙科铸造合金腐蚀行为的影响

目的 研究镍铬合金、钴铬合金、纯钛在茶多酚人工唾液溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为.方法 将3种铸造合金分别浸泡在人工唾液以及浓度为1.25、2.50和5.00 g/L茶多酚人工唾液溶液中,采用动电位极化曲线法检测其自腐蚀电流密度(Icorr)、腐蚀电位(Ecorr)和极化电阻(Rp)等指标.结果 与人工唾液中Icorr相比、镍铬合金在1.25 g/L茶多酚人工唾液溶液中的Icorr显著增大(P < 0.01),且随着茶多酚浓度升高,Icorr逐渐减小、Rp逐渐增大.钴铬合金在4种溶液中的腐蚀速率明显不同(P < 0.01),在1.25 g/L茶多酚人工唾液溶液中的腐蚀速率显著小于在人工唾液中.纯钛在4种溶液中的腐蚀速度显著小于其他两种金属(P < 0.01).结论 有饮茶习惯的患者不宜选用镍铬合金制作修复体,而佩戴有钴铬合金或纯钛修复体的患者可适量饮茶,但无论哪类患者,都不建议饮浓茶.     

镍铬和含钛镍铬烤瓷合金的耐腐蚀性能研究

目的 评价2种镍铬和1种含钛镍铬烤瓷合金试件在人工唾液中的耐腐蚀性能.方法 采用电化学极化曲线法测定2种镍铬和1种含钛镍铬烤瓷合金试件的自腐蚀电流密度(Icorr)、极化电阻(Rp)、自腐蚀电位(Ecorr),并得出3种合金的极化曲线.应用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FSEM)观察实验前后试件表面形貌变化,并对数据进行单因素方差分析.结果 Bellabond镍铬烤瓷合金的Icorr低于Neotitan含钛镍铬烤瓷合金(P<0.05)及粤海镍铬烤瓷合金(P>0.05):粤海镍铬烤瓷合金Icorr低于Neotitan含钛镍铬烤瓷合金(P>0.05).Bellabond镍铬烤瓷合金的Rp明显高于粤海镍铬烤瓷合金(P<0.05)及Neotitan含钛镍铬烤瓷合金(P<0.05);粤海镍铬烤瓷合金试件的Rp高于Neotitan含钛镍铬烤瓷合金(P>0.05).Bellabond镍铬烤瓷合金的Ecorr低于粤海镍铬烤瓷合金(P>0.05)及Neotitan含钛镍铬烤瓷合金(P>0.05):Neotitan含钛镍铬烤瓷合金的Ecorr高于粤海镍铬烤瓷合金(P>0.05).FSEM显示,Bellabond镍铬烤瓷合金表面腐蚀较粤海镍铬烤瓷合金和Neotitan含钛镍铬烤瓷合金轻微.结论 Bellabond镍铬烤瓷合金的耐腐蚀性较粤海镍铬烤瓷合金和Neotitan含钛镍铬烤瓷合金优良,Neotitan含钛镍铬烤瓷合金耐腐蚀性与粤海镍铬烤瓷合金无明显差异.     

pH值对烤瓷工艺处理后的合金耐腐蚀性能的影响

目的研究不同pH值对经过烤瓷处理过的烤瓷合金的耐腐蚀性能的影响。方法制作金合金、纯钛、钴铬合金、镍铬合金试件,常规临床烤瓷,分别置于不同的pH值溶液中,应用电化学综合测试系统和腐蚀分析软件对受试合金行动电位极化扫描,绘制合金在人工唾液中的极化曲线,获得并分析材料的自腐蚀电位(Ecorr)和腐蚀电流密度(Icorr)。结果4种合金临床烤瓷加工后在同一pH值人工唾液中自腐蚀电位负值增加的排序为金合金、纯钛、钴铬合金、镍铬合金;4种合金在pH为5.6±0.04、pH=为.6±0.04人工唾液中均比pH为6.8±0.04中自腐蚀电流密度增大,自腐蚀电位负值增大。结论纯钛与金合金耐腐蚀性能好于钴铬合金,镍铬合金,随pH值下降,非贵金属耐腐蚀性能下降明显。     

氟离子及阳极氧化对纯钛耐腐蚀性的影响

目的:模拟口腔环境,研究氟离子(F-)及阳极氧化对纯钛耐腐蚀性的影响。方法:采用塔菲尔(tafel)曲线测试,测定自然氧化纯钛试样及阳极氧化纯钛试样在不同氟离子浓度(500 mg/L、750 mg/L、1 000 mg/L)人工唾液中的自腐蚀电流(Icorr)、自腐蚀电位(Ecorr),并以人工唾液为对照组进行比较分析。场发射扫描电镜(FSEM)观察不同纯钛试样腐蚀前后形貌。结果:F-和阳极氧化对纯钛的腐蚀性均有显著影响(P<0.05)。纯钛试样在含氟人工唾液中Icorr明显增大,腐蚀速度加快。对纯钛试样进行阳极氧化表面处理后,在4种腐蚀介质中Icorr均明显减小,腐蚀速度减慢。纯钛试样在F-浓度为500mg/L人工唾液中Icorr最大,腐蚀速度最快。结论:人工唾液中加入F-后纯钛腐蚀加重,阳极氧化可提高纯钛的耐腐蚀性。     

不同抛光方法对纯钛铸件表面耐腐蚀性影响的研究

目的：评价不同抛光方法对纯钛铸件表面耐腐蚀性的影响。方法：制作纯钛试件30个,随机分为机械抛光组、化学抛光组和电解抛光组对其表面进行抛光处理。然后在人工唾液中,运用电化学方法测量试件的自然腐蚀电位（Ecorr）、极化电阻（Rp）、腐蚀电流密度（Icorr）。应用扫描电镜观察试件腐蚀前后表面形貌的变化。结果：在人工唾液中,三组之间Ecorr、Rp和Icorr的比较分别有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,两两比较显示三组之间均有差异。结论：铸造纯钛试件表面的耐腐蚀性为电解抛光组〉化学抛光组〉机械抛光组。     

3种整铸支架义齿常用金属的耐腐蚀性比较

目的 以电化学方法比较3种整铸支架活动义齿常用金属试件的耐腐蚀性.方法 将钴铬合金、含钛镍铬合金、纯钛3种试件置于pH为6.8的人工唾液中,通过电化学线性扫描技术获得Tafel曲线,比较腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流;通过X射线衍射(XRD)仪观测腐蚀前后试件的表面物相结构;以场发射扫描电镜观察金属表面形貌的改变和差异.结果 含钛...     

Evidence of the validity of a model of determinants of quality of restorative dental care

A model describing the relationship between self-reported quality of restorative dentistry and dentist characteristics for 119 Montana general dentists is presented. The best predictors formed a significant model explaining 22% of the variance of the quality measure. Results are contrasted with a previous estimation of the model for 102 Washington general practitioners. Evidence for the external validity of the model is presented.     

Experimental evidence of formation of imines in the course of reduction of hydrazones

The reduction of hydrazones is generally suggested to proceed through a reductive cleavage of the nitrogen–nitrogen bond followed by a reduction of the carbon–nitrogen bond. This sequence of reduction processes is here supported for fluorenone (V) and benzophenone (VI) hydrazones as well as by a comparison of the reduction of fluorenone and benzophenone hydrazonium ions (I,III) with corresponding imines (II,IV). Another proof of the presence of imines as intermediates is the splitting of four-electron waves of hydrazones V and VI and hydrazonium ions I and VIII into two waves at pH < 2. This has been interpreted as due to differences in slopes dE_1/2/dpH and pK_a-values of protonated hydrazine derivatives on one side and corresponding imines on the other. In this pH-range imines formed in reductions of VI and VIII are reduced in a single two-electron wave, those of I and V in two one-electron steps. Fluorenone imine (II) is sufficiently stable to allow recording of time-independent current–voltage curves between pH 6 and 11. In this pH-range the imine (II) is reduced in two one-electron steps. Benzophenone imine (IV) has been found stable between pH 4.6 and 12. At pH 4.6–8 the reduction of the imine IV takes place in a single two-electron step, at pH 8–12 in two one-electron steps. Final proof of the initial cleavage of the N–N bond is presented by comparison with the reduction of nitrones.     

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀溶解性比较研究

目的:研究、比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀的溶解性和表面微观形态改变,为临床使用提供依据.方法:将3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)及GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)分别在人工唾液中浸泡30 d,冷热循环15000次,烘干测重,比较前后质量变化,计算溶解率,并用扫描电镜观察表面微观改变.结果:不同剂型的玻璃离子水门汀溶解率由高到低分别为3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型).3种玻璃离子水门汀经浸泡溶解后,SEM扫描表面微观形态可观察到GE玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)表面形态改变较少,其他2组玻璃离子水门汀表面微观改变较多.结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀理化性能及溶解率均低于传统水粉剂型,是未来临床修复治疗的的良好选择.     

Evaluation of efficacy of chemiluminescence for diagnosis of leukoplakia

ObjectiveLeukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder preceding oral cancer. Chemiluminescence has been developed as an adjunct to conventional examination for the diagnosis of these potentially malignant disorders. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of leukoplakia and to compare the results with histopathological examination.Study designA total of 50 patients with leukoplakia were included from the outpatients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. These patients were subjected to conventional oral examination followed by chemiluminescent examination with Vizilite (Zila, Fort Collins, CO, USA) and biopsy for histopathological confirmation.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chemiluminescence were 93.75%, 55.56%, 78.95%, and 83.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of chemiluminescence was 80%. A statistically significant association was observed between histopathology results and chemiluminescence results.ConclusionAlthough it is an easy, safe, minimal time consuming, and noninvasive technique, it has only adjunctive utility and it does not replace biopsy for the diagnosis of leukoplakia.     

颌骨动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的：总结直接穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静脉静脉畸形的经验。方法：收治凳骨动静脉畸形患者6例,均进行了介入栓塞治疗。采用的栓塞材料为附凝血棉纤毛的螺圈,聚乙烯醇泡沫微粒和二氰基丙烯酸对丁酯。数字减影颈动脉造影在PHILIPSV300下完成。结果6例颌骨动静脉畸形患者中4,例急性出血得到了快速、有效控制,1例慢性渗血的右下 骨动静脉畸形患者,介入栓塞治疗,拔除松动的右下凳第一磨牙,有效地控制了出血,另1例伴局部软组织搏动性膨隆的上凳骨动静脉畸形患者,介入治疗后膨隆的搏动性得到明显改善,栓塞治疗后分别随访3－24个月,均未发现有口腔内渗血或出血。随访的X线片上,病灶区可见新骨形成。结论：局部穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静畸形是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Design of clinical trials of traditional therapies of periodontitis

The present paper on the design of clinical trials of periodontal therapy first addresses the issue of the etiology of periodontal disease. It is suggested that most if not all forms of destructive periodontal disease are caused by microorganisms and that there are different forms of disease with different microbial etiologies. The progressive nature of destructive periodontal disease is subsequently discussed and it is emphasized that, in a given patient, periodontal sites which show signs of inflammation and attachment loss may not over a period of several months and years show further sign of attachment loss. The present methods of assessing periodontal disease do not allow us to discriminate between potentially active and inactive sites in untreated patients. The significance and variability of indicators of periodontal disease such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level measurements are discussed. The errors inherent in the various measurements are analyzed and suggestions are presented describing how alterations in any of the above parameters could be identified and presented in a clinical trial. Of concern for the statistical analysis of clinical data of periodontal disease is the definition of the "experimental unit". For a number of years, the "experimental unit" in periodontal trials was the patient. It is clear, however, that different sites within the same individual show different patterns of disease progression and lesion morphology and often respond differently to periodontal therapy. Statistical analyses must consequently be designed which recognize differences in site-to-site infection and lesion morphology within a common host. Until such analyses are available, the investigator should be wary of pooling data within the same individual, since such pooling may obscure meaningful alternatives which may take place in individual periodontal sites. Some goals of periodontal therapy are subsequently identified. 4 goals are discussed more in detail, namely: to establish conditions which will allow the patient to maintain a dentition without further breakdown of the periodontium; to reduce pocket depth to establish an anatomy in the dentogingival region which with proper maintainance care will prevent the re-establishment of the subgingival infection; to gain attachment as a result of treatment; to assess the effect of a certain chemotherapeutic agent on periodontal disease.     

正畸患者切牙影像失真发生情况分析

目的研究正畸患者曲面体层片上的切牙影像失真发生情况，并分析其原因。 方法从中山大学附属口腔医院放射科影像数据库中选取500例正畸患者的曲面体层片和头影测量侧位片，所有曲面体层片均采用咬合杆投照，分别从切牙牙体影像放大、缩小、牙根变短、根尖模糊等评价指标分析上下颌切牙影像失真的发生情况，在头影测量侧位片上测量中切牙根尖-对颌切牙切缘的距离，探讨切牙影像失真发生的原因。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计学检验。 结果500例患者中，切牙牙体影像正常者共417例，切牙牙体影像失真者共83例，影像失真发生率16.6%，其中切牙牙体影像放大17例、牙体影像缩小0例、牙根变短30例，牙根影像变短伴模糊36例。影像失真患者的根尖-切缘距离大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F = 5 187.18，P = 0）；影像失真患者的覆盖值大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F>477，P = 0）。 结论严重牙颌面畸形如反 、深覆盖是导致曲面体层片的切牙影像失真的主要原因之一。     

正常青年Monson球面半径的测量研究

目的测量正常青年Monson球面半径。方法选择60名(男30名,女30名)正常青年制取全口印模,应用立体摄影成像的原理与方法对Monson球面半径进行测量和统计学处理。结果Monson球面的半径平均为10.173 cm,大于理论值10.160 cm,差异有显著性(P<0.01);男、女性球面半径差异无显著性。结论本实验所得到的数据可作为全口义齿修复中记录颌位关系的一个参量。     

鼻测量法的进展

唇裂术后继发畸形是指唇裂修复术后,仍遗留或继发于手术操作和生长发育变化而表现出来的一类畸形[1]。包括唇畸形、鼻畸形和颌骨畸形。其修复较原发性唇裂修复更复杂,更灵活多变。而导致其修复复杂性的一个重要原因即是局部组织结构复杂变异和缺乏可靠的三维测量手段[2],鼻畸形     

口底癌34例临床分析

目的探讨口底癌的临床特性、治疗方法及预后。方法对我院自1992—2002年住院治疗的34例口底癌患者进行回顾性分析。结果34例口底癌患者中,男28例(82.4%),女6例(17.6%),男女比为4.7∶1,平均发病年龄58岁。发病部位:前口底22例(64.7%),后口底12例(35.3%)。淋巴结转移率41.2%。单纯手术组、化疗加手术组、放疗加手术组、化疗加手术加放疗组的5年生存率分别为45.5%、60.0%、50.0%、62.5%。结论口底癌以中老年患者好发,男性居多。易发生淋巴结转移,综合疗法疗效较好。