三维CT对面中部骨折手术的临床意义

目的 :对于面中部骨折的患者 ,为了进一步确定其外科的治疗方案 .方法 :手术的选择和安全性等方面应用三维 CT进行比较其临床价值 .作者分析 14例面中部骨折患者通过三维 CT检查和 X线平片的比较 .结果 :12例面中部骨折的患者进行手术治疗 ,2例患者发现伴有颅脑损伤而非手术治疗 .通过 14例患者进行三维 CT的比较和分析后 .结论 :对于面中部骨折的患者要正确判断其骨折的部位、损伤的范围 ,以及与邻近软组织的关系 .同时对手术方法的选择和手术安全性 ,应用三维 CT的检查是很有临床意义的 .     

人工种植牙手术的麻醉技术

部分患者认为,一个好的牙医应能提供最舒适的局部麻醉.本文关注了种植外科中未引起重视的领域——人工种植牙的麻醉技术.在种植手术中,为减少患者在术中产生的恐惧和疼痛,提高手术效率,手术全程需要安全、有效的局部麻醉.然而,局部麻醉的实施同时也是部分种植患者恐惧和疼痛的主要来源.目前对于种植的各种关注点多集中在外科技术对治疗结果和效果的影响,对于患者在整个治疗过程的感受和体会易被临床医师忽视.随着微创种植理念和服务意识的发展,患者本人对于整个种植治疗的感受也应该作为评价最终结果的重要标准,因此麻醉技术对种植手术的影响不可忽视.本文回顾了近年来国内外与种植麻醉相关的临床研究,重点综述了局部穿刺注射麻醉技术的应用,以及非注射麻醉技术应用于种植过程的独特优势,同时介绍了用于种植手术中麻药递送的新型设备.     

唇腭裂患者心理干预影响的初步研究

目的 探讨心理干预对成人唇腭裂患者心理状况的影响.方法 对34例住院成人唇腭裂患者按照随机分组原则分为对照组和干预组.对照组在住院期间仅进行手术治疗,干预组在进行手术治疗的同时接受心理干预.人院后、出院前分别对两组患者进行测评,以评价心理干预对成人唇腭裂患者心理状况的影响.施测工具为交往焦虑量表、自尊量表及社会支持量表...     

多个牙拔除与牙槽骨修整

老年患者常会因牙周病或多发龋齿拔除多个病牙,同时为了义齿修复而需进行牙槽骨修整.将二者同时进行,可以缩短治疗时间,减轻患者痛苦,提高老年人生活质量.本文就多个牙拔除概念的界定以及进行牙槽骨修整时,治疗计划的合理安排、手术方法、术前准备和术后护理等问题作一阐述.     

649例老年患者拔牙前、后血压变化的临床分析

目的:观察老年拔牙患者手术前、后的血压变化,探讨老年高血压病患者心电监护拔牙的安全性.方法:将649例老年拔牙患者分为高血压病组和非高血压病组.术前、术中及术后给予心电监护,全程监测并记录血压数值.采用SPSS 18.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析.结果:2组患者在手术刺激下均出现血压升高.高血压病组患者手术前、后血压波动更加明显.当血压控制在正常范围时,2组患者手术前、后血压波动无显著差异.服用β受体阻滞剂的高血压病患者,手术前、后血压上升幅度最小.结论:控制老年患者的术前血压,是降低患者心电监护拔牙手术风险的重要手段.     

综合治疗重度牙周炎患牙临床疗效的个案报道

报道1例重度牙周炎(Ⅳ期C级)患者经过牙周基础治疗、牙周手术联合拔牙、种植修复最终恢复咀嚼功能的病例.提示系统的牙周治疗可减少重度牙周炎患者失牙数,同时恢复咀嚼功能,提高生活质量.     

唇腭裂患儿手术治疗的住院管理

本文通过文献回顾和作者的临床经验就唇腭裂修复手术的术前术后管理以及影响因素进行了详细地论述.文章认为大部分唇腭裂患者可以在手术当天入院,术后24～48小时出院,但必须考虑下述因素:患者年龄、手术复杂性、术者的手术技术和经验、患者围手术期的恢复情况以及患者是否患有其它先天畸形.     

双侧腭裂整复术中凿断翼钩与否对上颌骨发育的影响

目的对比在双侧腭裂修复术中凿断翼钩与否,术后患者的上颌骨发育情况.方法选择在3岁以内做双侧腭裂修复手术,术中不凿断翼钩的患者16例,编入试验组.另再选择3岁以内做双侧腭裂修复手术,术中凿断翼钩的患者10例,编入对照组.两组的年龄范围9～12岁,术后追踪9～10年.拍摄每例患者的头颅侧位片,并作头影测量分析,对比两组患者的上颌骨发育情况.结果两组的上颌骨都有明显的矢状向发育不足,下颌骨发育基本正常.测量上颌骨发育的各项目（SNA、A-NP、PP-SN、ANS-FHp、Ptm-A等）的组间差别不明显,说明手术中有无凿断翼钩,对患者的上颌骨发育并无影响.结论在双侧腭裂修复手术中,有无凿断翼钩,对患者的上颌骨发育并无明显影响,但不凿断翼钩有利于保护腭帆张肌,同时也能减少手术创伤,简化手术过程.     

全下颌管内外神经撕脱术治疗三叉神经(第Ⅲ支)痛

目的:介绍全下颌管内外神经撕脱术手术方法,评价治疗效果.方法:对34例原发性三叉神经第Ⅲ支痛患者,采用自下颌孔上方高位切断后,撕脱全部下颌管内段神经和颏孔末梢神经,同时撕脱颊神经,随访观察手术治疗效果.结果:34例手术均顺利完成,术后伤口愈合正常,无严重并发症,随访2～4年无复发.结论:全下颌管内外神经撕脱术是治疗三叉神经第Ⅲ支痛的有效方法.     

颈阔肌瓣防治味觉出汗综合征

目的:探讨手术同期行颈阔肌瓣修复腮腺术区缺损对味觉出汗综合征的预防作用及美学效果,同时探讨味觉出汗综合征的病理生理机制.方法:回顾性分析近2 年9 例手术同期行颈阔肌瓣修复腮腺术区缺损患者,观察患者术后是否出现味觉出汗综合征及术区凹陷.结果:所有患者均未出现味觉出汗综合征,术区凹陷不明显.结论:同期行颈阔肌瓣修复腮腺术区缺损对预防味觉出汗综合征可能有一定的作用,且可降低术区凹陷,为一种理想的腮腺肿瘤术式.     

柠檬精油对牙周致病菌抑制作用及其安全性初步研究

目的:探讨柠檬精油对牙周致病菌的体外抗菌活性及对细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用微量液体稀释法测定柠檬精油对Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC);以较低浓度的MIC为标准稀释LEO作为实验组,采用MTT法测定柠檬精油对HUVECs的毒性作用,明确抑菌浓度下LEO的安全性。结果:柠檬精油对牙周主要致病菌均有抑菌作用,Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的MIC分别是9.0 g/L、4.5 g/L、4.5 g/L、9.0 g/L,Aa、Fn的 MBC是9.0 g/L,Pg、Pi的MBC未测得。1/2MIC、1/20MIC浓度的LEO能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,而低于1/200MIC浓度的LEO则对人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长没有影响,其中1/200MIC浓度的LEO作用明显优于0.02%的CHX。结论:体外环境中,柠檬精油对牙周致病菌Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi具有抗菌活性,低浓度应用对机体相对安全。     

Oral cancer: molecular technologies for risk assessment and diagnosis

Purpose: The effective biomarkers related to diagnosis, metastasis, drug resistance and irradiation sensitivity of oral cancers will help the pathologist and oncologist to determine the molecular taxonomy diagnosis and design the individualization treatment for the patients with oral cancers.     

Computer-assisted planning for maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation

Computerized tomography (CT) planning and the use of CT derived surgical templates for implant placement have shown promise for restoring function within months after surgical reconstruction of acquired post-oncologic defects.     

Stimulated whole saliva components in children with Down syndrome

The authors report on the components of stimulated whole saliva from children with Down syndrome—including pH, flow rate, sialic acid and protein concentrations, and amylase and peroxidase activity. Saliva samples were collected from 35 children aged 6–10 years. Of the participants, 17 had Down syndrome and 18 did not. To stimulate saliva production, the children chewed a piece of parafilm for 10 minutes before the sample was collected. Soon after collecting the saliva sample, the authors measured pH using a portable pH-meter. Sialic acid levels were determined with a thiobarbituric acid assay. Protein content was determined with Folin's phenol reagent. Amylase was assayed and the authors measured the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase using ortho-dianisidine.
No statistically significant difference was observed in levels of sialic acid (free and total) between the two groups. Protein concentration was about 36% higher in the group with Down syndrome. However, the salivary flow rate, pH, and amylase and peroxidase activities were lower among the children with Down syndrome.     

Effect of Pingyangmycin on human venous malformation endothelial cells

Purpose: Venous malformations are common vascular anomalies with a propensity of the head and neck. Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5 hydrochloride) is a widely used sclerotherapy method for the treatment of venous malformation.     

牙髓再生的研究现状

目前,根管治疗术在临床上已得到了广泛的应用并成功的保存了患牙,但其仍有许多术后并发症。随着组织工程技术在口腔领域的应用,构建一种组织工程化牙髓进行牙髓-牙本质复合体的再生治疗成为可能。近年来国内外已有很多关于牙髓再生的研究,并且已经取得了一定成果。本文将对目前国内外牙髓再生的研究进展现状作一综述。     

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis alters quality of life

Dysphagia is one of the most important complications encountered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our aim was to determine whether oropharyngeal dysphagia impacted the quality of life (QoL) of patients with ALS. Thirty consecutive patients were recruited (31–82 years, 18 men). Swallowing function was evaluated using a standardised videofluoroscopic barium swallow. All the patients completed a specific questionnaire on quality of life in dysphagia (SWAL‐QoL) immediately after the videofluoroscopy. The results of dysphagia outcome severity scale separated 14 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia and 16 with normal swallowing function. There was no difference in the average age, weight and body mass index of the two groups (dysphagic patients: 68 ± 11 kg versus non‐dysphagic patients: 69 ± 14 kg). Most of the dysphagic patients had a bulbar affection based on their Norris scores which determine the importance of cranial nerves illness (20 ± 8), significantly lower than those of the non‐dysphagic patients (35 ± 5) (P < 0·0001). There was no difference in the neurological peripheral symptoms evaluated by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale scores (dysphagic patients: 26 ± 7 versus non‐dysphagic patients: 27 ± 8) (ns). The swallowing quality of life questionnaire revealed that the dysphagic patients had significant burden (P < 0·001). They were affected by the necessity to applied a food selection (P < 0·01), by the increase in eating duration (P < 0·05) and described a decrease in eating desire (P < 0·05). They complained of fear regarding the risk of dysphagia (P < 0·05). They also described difficulties with oral communication (P < 0·001). All of those complained about dysphagia which impacted directly mental health (P < 0·05) and social life (P < 0·05). In conclusion, oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common symptom accompanying ALS, which alters the patient's QoL, especially social health.     

拔牙位点保存用复合温敏凝胶的构建及体外表征

目的:制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合温敏凝胶,探讨其作为拔牙位点保存材料的理化性能。方法:采用原位沉积方法制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(MWNT/ HA简称HAC)复合无机材料,将其分散至壳聚糖温敏凝胶中,制备壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(CS /MWNT/HA简称CS/HAC)复合温敏凝胶,以成胶时间、孔径、孔隙率、机械强度及降解性能为指标优化配方设计,并表征复合温敏凝胶的微观形貌及理化性能。结果:以10 g/L的HAC作为补强成分加入到壳聚糖溶液中,能够在不影响成胶并保证一定孔隙率(84%)的前提下,提高材料的机械性能(抗压强度0.441 MPa),所获复合温敏凝胶具有适宜的临床操作时间(12 min),并具有可控的降解速率。结论:负载HAC的复合温敏凝胶具有良好的成型性,并具有较好的机械性能,在拔牙位点保存领域具有良好的应用前景。     

Interventional neuroradiologic procedures in the head and neck

Interventional radiology and interventional neuroradiology are evolving specialties which can aid the head and neck surgeons in the clinical management of patients with complex vascular lesions.