浅论民间医药收集整理、筛选评价方法的研究

文章经过广泛的实地调研和专家咨询,探索了民间医药筛选评价的有效途径,初步确立了民间医药的筛选评价的方法,并开展了一些民间特色技术和方药的筛选评价,取得了一定的成效,对全国开展民间医药的筛选评价工作有一定的指导价值.     

基于田野调查的我国撒拉族民族民间医药发掘整理研究方法初探

民族医药发掘整理是民族医药的继承、保护和发扬的重要基石。重点探讨在本课题组对我国撒拉族民间民族医药抢救性发掘整理的过程中所体现的思路和方法。基于前期调查寻访等工作基础,结合人类学、民族学、社会学等多学科交叉分析的研究方法,从撒拉族的生存环境、生存意识、生存文化及生存发展等多层面、多维度进行分析,对人口较少的撒拉族民间民族医药进行发掘整理研究,总结出撒拉族民间民族医药调查工作的方法与经验。首先,在坚持从民族医药的科学研究角度去发掘整理撒拉族民间民族医药时,要注重尊重受访者隐私及宗教习俗。其次,在进行调查研究之前,一定要深入了解撒拉族人民的人生观和价值观,理清撒拉族民间民族医药在当地的社会地位和作用。再次,对于濒临失传且具广泛应用前景的诊疗技术、方剂、炮制方法等内容,应认真考量该民族医药知识产权的背景,并科学疏导民间持有人对民族医药的保护意识。     

建国以来我国民间医药相关政策研究

文章回顾了我国自建国以来制定的民间医药相关政策,包括加强民间秘方验方的收集、挖掘与整理,成立民间医药相关研究机构与社团,解决民间医药人员执业资格三个方面的政策内容,有助于理清民间医药的发展思路,制定《国务院关于扶持和促进中医药事业发展的若干意见》中关于民间医药的重要意见的配套政策,从而促进民间医药在新时期取得长足的发展。     

《中国民间疗法》杂志征文通知

<正>《中国民间疗法》杂志是由国家中医药管理局主管,中国中医药出版社和中国民间中医医药研究开发协会联合主办的国家级期刊,中国核心期刊(遴选)数据库、中国学术期刊综合评价数据库统计源期刊、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库全文收录期刊,国家中医药优秀科技期刊。为体现《中国民间疗法》杂志的办刊特色,深入挖掘中医药、民族医药、民间特色疗法,整理散落在民间的独具特色、疗效卓著的治疗方法,我刊现面向全国征文,现将征稿事宜简介如下。征文范围具有简、便、效、廉特点的中医药、民族医药民间特色疗法为主,具体内容如下:1.针灸疗法:包括针刺、放血、头针、耳针、足     

《中国民间疗法》杂志征文通知

<正>《中国民间疗法》杂志是由国家中医药管理局主管,中国中医药出版社和中国民间中医医药研究开发协会联合主办的国家级期刊,中国核心期刊(遴选)数据库、中国学术期刊综合评价数据库统计源期刊、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库全文收录期刊,国家中医药优秀科技期刊。为体现《中国民间疗法》杂志的办刊特色,深入挖掘中医药、民族医药、民间特色疗法,整理散落在民间的独具特色、疗效卓著的治疗方法,我刊现面向全国征文,现将征稿事宜简介如下。征文范围具有简、便、效、廉特点的中医药、     

《中国民间疗法》杂志征文通知

<正>《中国民间疗法》杂志是由国家中医药管理局主管,中国中医药出版社和中国民间中医医药研究开发协会联合主办的国家级期刊,中国核心期刊(遴选)数据库、中国学术期刊综合评价数据库统计源期刊、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库全文收录期刊,国家中医药优秀科技期刊。为体现《中国民间疗法》杂志的办刊特色,深入挖掘中医药、民族医药、民间特色疗法,整理散落在民间的独具特色、疗效卓著的治疗方法,我刊现面向全国征文,现将征稿事宜简介如下。征文范围具有简、便、效、廉特点的中医药、民族     

《中国民间疗法》杂志征文通知

<正>《中国民间疗法》杂志是由国家中医药管理局主管,中国中医药出版社和中国民间中医医药研究开发协会联合主办的国家级期刊,中国核心期刊(遴选)数据库、中国学术期刊综合评价数据库统计源期刊、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库全文收录期刊,国家中医药优秀科技期刊。为体现《中国民间疗法》杂志的办刊特色,深入挖掘中医药、民族医药、民间特色疗法,整理散落在民间的独具特色、疗效卓著的治疗方法,我刊现面向全国征文,现将征稿事宜简介如下。征文范围具有简、便、效、廉特点的中医药、民族医药民间特色疗法为主,具体内容如下:1.针灸疗法:包括针刺、放血、头针、耳针、足     

《中国民间疗法》杂志征文通知

<正>《中国民间疗法》杂志是由国家中医药管理局主管,中国中医药出版社和中国民间中医医药研究开发协会联合主办的国家级期刊,中国核心期刊(遴选)数据库、中国学术期刊综合评价数据库统计源期刊、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库全文收录期刊,国家中医药优秀科技期刊。为体现《中国民间疗法》杂志的办刊特色,深入挖掘中医药、民族医药、民间特色疗法,整理散落在民间的独具特色、疗效卓著的治疗方法,我刊现面向全国征文,现将征稿事宜简介如下。     

武陵医学源流研究

古时中原华夏族称南方民族为“蛮”，对居住在武陵郡一带的少数民族称“武陵蛮”（“五溪蛮”）。为了深入研究武陵民间医药，作者近几年来对史称武陵蛮地，包括武陵山区的20多个县市进行了实地调查，收集到许多内容丰富，流散民间千百年的医药资料。现将调查材料并参考有关文献，对武陵民间医药源流作简要的理论探讨，以期武陵医学在民间医药流派研究中泛起风骚。1散在民间的医学史籍通过各地的调查，收集到不少医籍书典和手抄本。湘西收集的有《七十二症》、《三十六疾》、《二十四惊症》、《草医药案》、《急救良方》、《老祖传秘方》、…     

《中国民间疗法》杂志征文通知

<正>《中国民间疗法》杂志是由国家中医药管理局主管,中国中医药出版社和中国民间中医医药研究开发协会联合主办的国家级期刊,中国核心期刊(遴选)数据库、中国学术期刊综合评价数据库统计源期刊、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库全文收录期刊,国家中医药优秀科技期刊。为体现《中国民间疗法》杂志的办刊特色,深入挖掘中医药、民族医药、民间特色疗法,整理散落在民间的独具特色、疗效卓著的治疗方法,我刊现面向全国征文,现将征稿事宜简介如下。     

刘小斌运用补中益气汤辨治重症肌无力

刘小斌教授认为重症肌无力属中医痿证范畴,病机以脾胃虚损为本,临证用药选用甘温平和之品,常以补中益气汤为主方加减。同时注重日常调护,强调因人、因地、因时三因制宜。小儿用药轻灵,妇人重调冲任,年老者补益肝肾、培补虚元。善用岭南道地药材,结合患者不同时期病情变化辨证遣方,为患者制定个体化诊疗方案。     

Cultural background of the medicinal plants of Yemen

The study of the traditional use of medicinal plants of Yemen in the old pre-islamic and islamic pharmacopoeia has shown that: (1) the traditional medicine actually used in this country belongs to the old arabic medicine, itself similar to Greek and Indian medicines; (2) this medicine is highly original according to the great number of plants, indigenous or specific, of the Yemenite pharmacopoeia, which are not recorded in the literature, and to the high percentage of therapeutic indications belonging to Yemen which are unknown elsewhere.     

黔东南自治州侗药物种多样性研究

黔东南地区由于地理位置的独特性，保育着多种多样的药用物种。本文从该地区侗族药物物种成分、珍稀濒危药物、植被类型等方面分析阐述了黔东南地区侗族药物的多样性，并提出了保护黔东南地区侗族药物多样性的措施。     

中医药治疗小儿感冒的研究进展

感冒为临床常见病、多发病,小儿因生理病理不同于成人,疾病易发传变,不容小觑。感冒大部分病因为病毒感染,中医药治疗此病的历史久远,理论丰富且作用突出。现代中医治疗小儿感冒的方法多样,内治、外治法的研究众多,疗效显著。因此,中医治疗小儿感冒的有着广阔的前景。我辈医家应针对当代小儿感冒的疾病特点的变化在诊疗技术和理论上继承创新,并加强对中药防治感冒药物有效成分和作用机制的研究,加强大样本及动物实验的研究,以进一步促进中医药更好地防治小儿感冒。     

药害与朝鲜民族医药

朝药的来源大体有两个方面，一是运用中药，二是发掘乡药。朝医在进行治疗的过程中，药物对人体不仅产生治疗作用，同时也产生药害。提高对药害的认识，采取必要的措施，减少药害的发生。     

Xki yoma’ (our medicine) and xki tienda (patent medicine)—Interface between traditional and modern medicine among the Mazatecs of Oaxaca,Mexico

Objectives

Little is known about the interface of traditional (generally plant based) medicines and of commercially available pharmaceutical (and related) products. Here we provide a case study to understand how and to what extent traditional and modern medicine have been integrated in an indigenous community and whether these two categories offer a meaningful model for understanding medicine selection. Consequently, this paper explores the use and knowledge of medicinal plants and patent medicines among laypeople living in a rural Mazatec indigenous community in Oaxaca, Mexico.

Methods

This paper is based on field study over a period of approximately 20 months using participant observation, unstructured and structured interviews including freelisting. The medicinal plant species and commercially available pharmaceuticals were assessed using published biomedical information.

Main outcomes

The local ethnopharmacopoeias, emic concepts of illness, epidemiology, and case studies on therapeutic choice were documented. We found that self-treatment is the most common first therapeutic choice. Many of the plant species used by Mazatecs have recognized therapeutic properties, in some cases in vivo and in vitro studies point to well defined pharmacological effects, and in a few cases clinical evidence is available. Likewise, people commonly use patent medicines that are effective in the treatment of the most common health conditions. However, we also documented the medicinal use of some toxic plant species (Aristolochia spp.) and of some patent medicines that are held to be unsafe in developed countries (sodium metamizole).

Conclusions

When looking at a complex pluralistic medical system an approach that goes beyond the externally imposed dichotomic categories of traditional and modern medicine can be very useful to shed light on other dimensions that underlie the local use of medicines. With the increasing integration of the Mazatecs with the outside world, the concomitant use of both types of resources is constantly changing and helps the Mazatecs in their struggle for health.     

Ethnobiology of the Nilgiri hills, India

The Nilgiri is a popular massif towering high in the Western Ghats in South India with an altitude of 2623 m. Nature has been magnanimous in bestowing Nilgiri district with rich evergreen temperate to tropical forests. A high degree of biodiversity, marked by varied flora and fauna of good therapeutic potential as well as the varied number of indigenous groups of people in this area, makes it very popular among herbalists. The district has six anthropologically well defined ethnic groups namely Todas, Kotas, Kurumbas, Irulas, Paniyas and Kattunayakas living here possibly since 1200 B.C. The present review highlights the ethnobiological profile of six indigenous populations and their dependence on ambient flora and fauna for traditional health care needs. It has been observed that about 2700 therapeutically potent plant species are available in this hill station of which almost all have come from local medicine. Some have been explored scientifically. However, about 150 plant species are still to be explored for their therapeutic potential. The ethnography, phytochemical and therapeutic uses as well as the anthropological perspectives of the local medicines have been discussed in this review.     

The genus Commiphora: a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The resinous exudates of the Commiphora species, known as ‘myrrh’, are used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of trauma, arthritis, fractures and diseases caused by blood stagnation. Myrrh has also been used in the Ayurvedic medical system because of its therapeutic effects against inflammatory diseases, coronary artery diseases, gynecological disease, obesity, etc.

Aim of the review

Based on a comprehensive review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological and toxicological data on the genus Commiphora, opportunities for the future research and development as well as the genus’ therapeutic potential are analyzed.

Methods

Information on the Commiphora species was collected via electronic search (using Pubmed, SciFinder, Scirus, Google Scholar and Web of Science) and a library search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals. Furthermore, information also was obtained from some local books on ethnopharmacology. This paper covers the literature, primarily pharmacological, from 2000 to the end of December 2011.

Results

The resinous exudates from the bark of plants of the genus Commiphora are important indigenous medicines, and have a long medicinal application for arthritis, hyperlipidemia, pain, wounds, fractures, blood stagnation, in Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and other indigenous medical systems. Phytochemical investigation of this genus has resulted in identification of more than 300 secondary metabolites. The isolated metabolites and crude extract have exhibited a wide of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects, including antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. The bioactive steroids guggulsterones have attracted most attention for their potent hypolipidemic effect targeting farnesoid X receptor, as well as their potent inhibitory effects on tumor cells and anti-inflammatory efficiency.

Conclusions

The resins of Commiphora species have emerged as a good source of the traditional medicines for the treatment of inflammation, arthritis, obesity, microbial infection, wound, pain, fractures, tumor and gastrointestinal diseases. The resin of C. mukul in India and that of C. molmol in Egypt have been developed as anti-hyperlipidemia and antischistosomal agents. Pharmacological results have validated the use of this genus in the traditional medicines. Some bioassays are difficult to reproduce because the plant materials used have not been well identified, therefore analytical protocol and standardization of extracts should be established prior to biological evaluation. Stem, bark and leaf of this genus should receive more attention. Expansion of research materials would provide more opportunities for the discovery of new bioactive principles from the genus Commiphora.     

发展民族医药的现实意义

我国传统医药学由中医药学、民族医药学和民间草医草药三部分组成。但从广义上说,我国 ５６个民族的传统医药学包括在中国医药学之内。 １９９６年国家科委与国家中医药管理局共同进行的“中 药现代化发展战略研究”课题,就已将少数民族的传统用药包括在“中药”范畴之内。因此,中医药的现 代化也包括了民族医药的现代化。与中医药学一样,民族医药学也是中华民族的优秀文化遗产,曾为中 华民族的繁荣昌盛作出过不可磨灭的贡献。有时候人们感觉不到这一点,是因为某些民族文化早已融 入了中华民族这一整体文化之中。例如,说起云南白药、灯盏花素片,可以说家喻户晓;可又有多少人知 道这是彝药呢？！５０年代,许多西医将高原肺水肿当肺炎治疗,将高山反应的症状当成“感冒”或“神经官 能症”,进行着合理合法地“庸医杀人”。殊不知,这些高原病的治疗早已为藏医所认识。所以,对我国民 族医药学这一伟大的宝库,必须努力发掘,总结提高,加以弘扬。 过去,民族医药集中于少数民族集中的边陲地区。１９９８年,中国民族医药学会提出“让民族医药下 山进城,造福人类”以来,对民族医药的发展起到了一定的推动作用。今天,大多数北京人知道了藏药 “珍珠七十味”,也知道北京有了藏医院,这就是进......