造影“误判”失去介入治疗机会的颅内动脉瘤

目的对因神经影像判断失去介入治疗机会的动脉瘤,探讨是否能够栓塞治疗。方法 6例脑血管造影发现动脉瘤与分支关系显示不清,瘤颈较宽,瘤体不规则,因此判断不能介入栓塞治疗,改行开颅手术成功夹闭这些动脉瘤。在手术中通过高倍显微镜仔细观察动脉瘤的形态瘤颈宽窄及与周围分支关系,分别予以各种不同角度投照,再与术前CTA及DSA进行对比,寻找这些动脉瘤的特征。结果 6例均发现动脉瘤囊壁与相邻分支紧密相依或者粘连,并且动脉瘤壁对动脉分支压迫使之形成与瘤壁外形相似弧形走形,甚至分支动脉与瘤壁存在"分节段粘连";4例前交通动脉均发现不同程度变异。动脉瘤成功夹闭后,发现形态基本属于"标准"囊状,可以栓塞。结论动脉瘤周围血管正常解剖变异,动脉瘤壁的压迫或者分支动脉不完全粘连,容易出现造影变形,仔细观察或者动脉瘤囊腔内造影可以区别。     

吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影在前循环动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨吲哚菁绿（ICG）脑血管造影在颅内前循环动脉瘤手术中的作用。方法回顾性研究2007年1月至2008年4月开颅手术治疗的前循环动脉瘤患者42例,荧光显微镜下观察术野中血管,指导手术操作。术后行3DCTA或DSA检查,评估术中ICG荧光造影对开颅手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的作用。结果术中确认动脉瘤颈残留2例,载瘤动脉分支血管闭塞1例,穿通血管误夹2例,重新调整动脉瘤夹位置后,再次荧光血管造影,证实动脉瘤颈夹闭满意,术后DSA（或MRA、CTA）均证实术中ICG造影结果。结论ICG血管造影是一种术中监测颅内动脉瘤颈是否残留、载瘤动脉是否狭窄及穿通支血管是否闭塞的重要检查手段。     

三维CT血管造影在颅内动脉瘤夹闭手术中应用的初步经验

目的 评估三维CT血管造影（3D－CTA）在颅内动脉瘤手术中的应用价值。方法 对1997年9月至2000年4月间手术的32例脑动脉瘤病人在术前进行3D－CTA检查,并将其图像应用于手术。除4例危重患仅行3D－CTA外,其余患均同期行DSA检查。结果 除1例多发性动脉瘤因3D－CTA扫描平面确定有误而漏检1个动脉瘤外,其余的动脉瘤均被3D－CTA发现,并被手术所证实。3D－CTA均清晰显示了动脉瘤的部位、大小、形状、指向、瘤颈部位以及动脉瘤的破口,并显示了动脉瘤与截瘤动脉以及颅底骨结构的三维影像。其在显示颅内动脉瘤的形态、方向、部位与毗邻骨结构上优于DSA,有助于手术入路的设计以及术中寻找动脉瘤和载瘤动脉。结论 3D－CTA有助于颅内动脉瘤手术入路的设计以及术中寻找动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,尤其适合于床突旁动脉瘤、前交通动脉瘤,大型或巨型动脉瘤的手术以及急诊夹闭手术。     

CTA、DSA在出血性脑血管病诊治中的对比研究

目的探讨CT血管造影（CTA）和数字减影血管造影（DSA）诊治出血性脑血管病的价值。方法对65例出血性脑血管病行CTA检查,采用最大强度投影（MIP）和容积成像显示（VR）技术进行三维重建;分析脑血管显示情况并将结果与DSA和（或）手术结果比较。部分动脉瘤病例术后行CTA和DSA复查。结果 CTA对出血性脑血管病的敏感性为83.1%,特异性为100%。能明确动脉瘤的部位、大小、瘤颈及瘤体与载瘤动脉的空间关系;能可靠地显示动静脉畸形的位置、形态、供血动脉和引流静脉。CTA不能很好地反应动脉瘤夹闭情况。结论 CTA是有效的血管成像技术,对出血性脑血管疾病有重要的诊治价值,临床疑诊为出血性脑血管病患者可作为一种筛选方法。CTA不适合动脉瘤术后的复查。     

CTA、DSA在颅内动脉瘤诊治中价值的对比研究

目的探讨CT血管造影(CTA)和数字减影血管造影(DSA)诊治颅内动脉瘤的价值。方法对56例颅内动脉瘤患者行CTA检查,分析动脉瘤显示情况,并将结果与DSA和/或手术所见比较。部分动脉瘤病例术后行CTA和DSA复查。结果 DSA确诊56例动脉瘤患者,发现68个动脉瘤。CTA显示51例(63个)动脉瘤,敏感性为91.07%(51/56),特异性为100%。CTA能明确动脉瘤的部位、大小、瘤颈及瘤体与载瘤动脉的空间关系,但不能很好地反映动脉瘤夹闭情况。结论 DSA目前仍然是临床诊断颅内动脉瘤及术后随访检查的"金标准"。CTA对于临床疑诊为颅内动脉瘤患者可作为一种筛选方法,但不适合动脉瘤术后的复查。     

DSA与CTA在显微夹闭前交通动脉瘤术前评估的对比研究

目的对比CTA与DSA在前交通动脉瘤显微夹闭术前评估的安全性。方法回顾性分析82例显微镜下夹闭前交通动脉瘤的病例资料,其中术前行64排CTA检查（CTA组）33例,术前行DSA检查（DSA组）49例。对比两组影像学检查结果和显微镜直视下动脉瘤的形态、大小、瘤颈宽度及其与载瘤动脉关系等信息,评价二者一致性,比较两组手术并发症发生率。结果 CTA组中30例成功经显微镜下夹闭动脉瘤,2例因动脉瘤颈的解剖暴露不理想改为介入栓塞治疗,1例脑肿胀明显,先行脑室外引流术,后行动脉瘤夹闭术。DSA组显微镜下成功夹闭44例,1例因瘤周穿支血管复杂致瘤颈暴露不满意,转为为介入栓塞治疗,4例先行脑室外引流术,待脑水肿消退后行动脉瘤夹闭术。CTA组在显示动脉瘤大小、瘤颈等信息方面和手术直视结果的一致性较好,而在动脉瘤形态及其与载瘤动脉之间关系的信息显示方面和手术直视结果的一致性一般,两组在手术并发症率无显著性差异。结论在影像评估满意时,CTA作为前交通动脉瘤显微夹闭术前的评估手段也是安全可靠的。     

3D—CTA在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的临床应用价值

目的探讨64排三维CT血管造影（3D—CTA）在以蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）为主要表现的颅内动脉瘤（ICAs）诊断中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析181例SAH患者资料,其中3D—CTA及DSA影像学资料由一位神经外科医师和一位放射或介入科医师按双盲原则分析。最终以DSA及手术资料对3D—CTA在ICAs诊断中的临床应用价值进行评价。结果181例蛾H患者,3D—CTA共发现143例共166个动脉瘤,DSA及手术证实动脉瘤144例共170个。3D—CTA对SAH患者中动脉瘤的检出率为97．6％,对直径小于2mm的动脉瘤检出率为66．7％,对直径大于2mm的动脉瘤检出率接近100％。此外,3D—CTA还可清晰确切显示瘤体、瘤颈、载瘤动脉与周围组织的关系。结论64排3D—CTA对SAH患者动脉瘤的诊断具有敏感、快捷、无创、经济等优点,与DSA有机结合有助于指导ICAs的诊断及治疗。     

64排CT血管造影在动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的临床研究

目的评估CT血管造影(CTA)在动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)病人中选择治疗策略的作用。方法对231例动脉瘤性SAH病人行64排CTA检查,选择临床治疗方案,并通过DSA或外科手术验证CTA检查的准确性。结果 CTA检查与DSA或术中探查一致228例,CTA信息不充分2例,CTA漏诊1例;CTA检查的敏感性98.7%,特异性100%。根据CTA检查确定治疗方案228例(98.7%),其中采用血管内栓塞治疗141例,夹闭术87例;根据DSA检查,采用血管内栓塞治疗3例。结论 64排CTA能准确检测颅内动脉瘤及其特征,有助于选择治疗策略。     

头颅CT血管造影对颅内动脉瘤诊断价值的临床研究

目的探讨CT血管造影（CTA）在原发性蛛网膜下腔出血病因诊断中的价值。方法 60例蛛网膜下腔出血患者,先行无创性CTA检查,再行数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查,在动脉瘤诊断中进行对比分析、评估。结果 60例蛛网膜下腔出血患者,经DSA、CTA及手术所见,共发现66个动脉瘤,CTA发现66个动脉瘤中的63个,CTA敏感性达95%,DSA发现65个,有一个漏诊,而且是CTA所见的动脉瘤,CTA显示动脉瘤大小、瘤颈、与载瘤动脉关系等方面优势明显。结论 DSA虽然是目前诊断动脉瘤的金标准,但CTA也是诊断动脉瘤的一种快速、安全、敏感性较高的方法。     

吲哚菁绿造影在巨大动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨吲哚菁绿造影(ICGA)在颅内巨大动脉瘤(GIA)手术中的作用.方法 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科自2007年3月至2009年10月行瘤体夹闭和(或)切除术治疗GIA患者57例(61个动脉瘤),术中瘤体夹闭前、后分别进行ICGA并做比较,术后行DSA或CTA检查观察有无瘤体残留,载瘤动脉是否畅通,并与术中瘤体夹闭后ICGA结果对比分析.结果 57例患者共行ICGA 128次,夹闭切除动脉瘤61个,ICGA可实时显示术野内血流循环,清晰显示动脉瘤、载瘤动脉和穿支血管.通过对比夹闭前、后的ICGA影像,4例患者追加或调整瘤夹后,ICGA显示无瘤体残留,无载瘤动脉和穿支血管闭塞,术后DSA与夹闭后ICGA显示一致.结论 ICGA做为术中血管成像技术的一种,对术中确认GIA与周围血管的关系、监测瘤颈是否残留和载瘤动脉及穿支动脉是否畅通具有重要意义.     

CT血管造影指导颅内破裂动脉瘤超早期手术

目的研究单一依靠CT血管造影(CTA)资料,在超早期手术夹闭破裂颅内动脉瘤的可行性。方法从2004年6月至2007年2月,共有125例自发性蛛网膜下腔出血病人行CTA检查。其中有78例在出血后72h内完成CTA检查,并对57例患者单一依靠CTA资料急诊行超早期动脉瘤夹闭术。结果125例自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者中,有78例在出血后72h内完成CTA检查,71例发现颅内动脉瘤,其中有57例行超早期开颅动脉瘤夹闭术。57例超早期开颅手术动脉瘤患者,多发动脉瘤4例,共61个动脉瘤,术中夹闭动脉瘤60个,动脉瘤包裹1个。CTA能很好地显示动脉瘤的大小、形态、同载瘤动脉及周边骨性结构的关系,为手术提供了足够的有用信息。结论容积重建成像CTA是一种可靠、无创的快速诊断颅内动脉瘤的方法,能为破裂动脉瘤的超早期夹闭手术提供详实的影像学资料,满足在急诊状况下开颅夹闭手术所需。     

CT血管造影在颅内破裂动脉瘤诊治中的应用

目的评估CT血管造影(CTA)在颅内破裂动脉瘤临床诊治中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析72例以蛛网膜下腔出血发病入院的颅内破裂动脉瘤患者的影像学资料及手术情况。结果 72例患者经DSA检查及手术中共发现81个动脉瘤。CTA检查共发现动脉瘤79个,其中破裂动脉瘤71个、未破裂动脉瘤8个,其检出敏感性97.5%(79/81);漏诊颈内动脉床突旁的未破裂微小动脉瘤和椎动脉破裂的夹层动脉瘤各1个。CTA提供的动脉瘤瘤径、动脉瘤深径以及动脉瘤最大径与DSA检查比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CTA在动脉瘤的指向、瘤颈部位、毗邻血管显示方面良好,尤其显示动脉瘤与骨结构的空间关系上优于DSA。结论 CTA是一种快捷、无创的脑血管检查方法,能迅速提供颅内破裂动脉瘤的确切信息,对动脉瘤的夹闭或栓塞手术具有重要的指导价值。     

吲哚菁绿术中荧光血管造影在颅内动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨吲哚菁绿术中荧光血管造影在颅内动脉瘤于术中的应用,减少术后并发症,提高手术的安全性.方法 回顾性总结18例25个颅内动脉瘤.术中动脉瘤夹闭前后均行吲哚菁绿荧光血管造影检查,根据造影结果,必要时调整动脉瘤夹.术后复查CT判断有无缺血梗死,复查DSA或CTA判断动脉瘤夹闭情况.结果 术中荧光血管造影发现动脉瘤残颈1例,载瘤动脉狭窄2例,远端分支狭窄1例,穿通支闭寨1例,均根据造影结果及时调整动脉瘤夹.术后复查CT无缺血性梗死出现,1例术后因动脉瘤夹闭不全出血,二次手术清除血肿,并调整动脉瘤火.16例复查DSA或CTA见动脉瘤夹闭完全,架桥血管通畅.结论 吲哚菁绿术中荧光血管造影对于判断载瘤动脉是否狭窄、动脉瘤是否有残颈、动脉瘤远端血管和穿支血管是否狭窄或闭寒、架桥血管是否通畅有重要的参考价值,可有效的减少术后并发症,提高手术的安全性,足一种方便快捷、安全有效的术中血管造影技术.     

Treatment decision in ruptured intracranial aneurysms: comparison between multi-detector row CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of multi-detector row computed tomography angiography (CTA) for the triage of patients with acutely ruptured aneurysms, and to assess how therapeutic decisions based on this method compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). METHODS: Twenty-seven consecutive patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage were included, and underwent both CTA and DSA. CTA was performed on a 16-detector row CT scanner with a 0.75-mm collimation and a 0.558-beam pitch. Two readers reviewed the CTA data, and two different readers reviewed the DSA data. Aneurysm characteristics were recorded and treatment by surgical clipping or endovascular coil embolization was proposed. RESULTS: A total of 24 aneurysms were identified on DSA in 21 patients. Sensitivity and specificity for CTA were 100% and 83%, respectively, on a per-aneurysm-basis. The correlation between DSA and CTA for the determination of sac and neck sizes was very good (r=0.92, and r=0.95, respectively, P<0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of arterial branches incorporated into the aneurysmal sac or neck were 50% and 100%, respectively. In three aneurysms, readers judged CTA inappropriate for triage, because peri-aneurysmal branches were not properly visualized. Overall agreement between CTA and DSA regarding the therapeutic decision between surgical clipping and endovascular coil embolization in 24 aneurysms was good (kappa=0.76). CONCLUSION: Multi-detector row CTA provides accurate anatomic information for aneurysm location as well as sac and neck sizes; however, the technique appears to have a low sensitivity in detecting branches incorporated into the aneurysmal sac.     

Intraoperative assessment of anterior circulation aneurysms using the indocyanine green video angiography technique

We performed a prospective study to evaluate the intraoperative value of indocyanine green (ICG) video angiography in anterior circulation aneurysms. From January 2007 to April 2008, 42 patients with anterior circulation aneurysms who were to undergo aneurysm clipping were enrolled in the study. Intraoperative ICG video angiography was performed using a fluorescence microscope. After the operation, three-dimensional CT angiography (CTA), digital substraction angiography (DSA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were used to evaluate the use of intraoperative ICG video angiography. Of the 42 patients, on ICG video angiography after initial clip placement, neck remnants of the aneurysm were found in two patients, inadvertent clipping of branching vessels in one patient, and inadvertent clipping of perforating vessels in two patients. ICG video angiography after adjustment of the clip position showed a perfect residual elimination with no abnormal findings. Post-operative DSA, CTA and MRA results corresponded to the intraoperative ICG video angiography findings. Therefore, ICG video angiography is an important tool to monitor residual aneurysm, parent artery stenosis or perforating artery occlusion during intracranial aneurysm clipping.     

Application of multislice computed tomographic angiography in diagnosis and treatment of intracranial aneurysms

Objectives

The aim of the study is to assess the clinical value of 16-row multislice computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for detection and treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Patients and methods

Between January 2005 and October 2008, 388 patients were included and successively underwent 16-slice CTA for suspected intracranial aneurysms. Three neuroradiologists independently reviewed CTA and DSA images. The combined interpretations of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and surgical findings were considered as the ultimate reference standard against which the diagnostic accuracy of CTA and DSA were compared.

Results

The reference standard revealed 287 aneurysms in 256 patients. There was no statistically significant difference in accuracy between 16-slice CTA and conventional DSA. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 16-slice CTA in detecting all aneurysms were 98.3, 97.0, and 97.9%, respectively, on a per-aneurysm basis. The sensitivity of 16-slice CTA was 90.0% for reader 1 and 93.3% for reader 2 for less than 3 mm aneurysms. One hundred eighty-nine aneurysms were deemed amenable to endovascular therapy on the basis of CTA images, 98% of whom (185) were successfully treated with this method. Forty-eight aneurysms were considered candidates for surgical treatment, and all aneurysms were deemed completely occluded during surgical clipping. Sixteen-slice CTA images provided important preoperative information, which could assist the endovascular and surgical therapy of aneurysms.

Conclusions

Sixteen-slice CTA is a highly accurate imaging examination of the first line imaging technique for the detection of intracranial aneurysms, and it can provide sufficient diagnostic information in guiding the surgical and endovascular therapy of aneurysms.     

3D-CTA在急性破裂颅内动脉瘤诊断和治疗中的应用

目的探讨三维CT血管造影(3D-CTA)在颅内动脉瘤破裂急性期的临床诊断价值。方法148例疑为颅内动脉瘤破裂的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者,进行3D-CTA检查,时间分别在发病后2h到4d;其中6例在3D-CTA之前行数字减影脑血管造影(2D-DSA)检查,142例在3D-CTA之后行DSA检查,扫描图像后经计算机工作站处理。原始图像三维后处理技术采用容积重建(VR)和最大密度投影(MIP),以VR为主。后处理图像与DSA图像分别由两位放射科医生和神经外科医生用双盲法进行分析。对动脉瘤治疗采用夹闭和血管内栓塞两种技术。结果经3D-CTA、DSA和手术或栓塞证实共发现112例130个动脉瘤,大小自1.1～28mm,其中单发动脉瘤97例,多发15例33个动脉瘤。在112例动脉瘤中,3D-CTA发现112例128个动脉瘤,漏诊多发动脉瘤中的2个,敏感度为98.5%,特异度94.7%,准确度97.6%,阳性预测值98.5%,阴性预测值94.7%;而DSA发现动脉瘤109例127个动脉瘤,漏诊3例3个动脉瘤,敏感度为97.7%,特异度100%,准确度98.2%,阳性预测值100%,阴性预测值为92.3%。在3D-CTA上均可清晰或较清晰显示出瘤颈与载瘤动脉的关系,占98.4%;而DSA能清晰显示瘤颈与载瘤动脉关系仅占40.9%,两者有统计学意义(x2= 5.545,P<0.05)。结论3D-CTA对颅内动脉瘤具有极高的敏感性和特异性,并具有快捷、经济和相对无创等优点,对颅内动脉瘤破裂急性期的诊断优于2D-DSA。