Valsalva动作对评价左室舒张功能三种常用指标的影响

目的研究正常人Valsalva动作后前负荷降低是否引起舒张期二尖瓣口血流频谱、二尖瓣环运动速度及舒张早期左室血流传播速度三种指标变化以及如何变化。方法50例健康人,Valsalva动作前后分别测定舒张期二尖瓣口血流频谱、二尖瓣环运动频谱(DTI)和M型彩色多普勒舒张早期左室内血流传播速度(FPV),并进行Val-salva动作前后对照分析。结果Valsalva动作前后比较,舒张期二尖瓣口血流频谱E峰速度减低〔(80.6±16.3)cm/svs(65.9±13.3)cm/s,P＜0.01〕,A峰速度、E/A比值减低〔(54.2±10.2)cm/svs(49.5±10.4)cm/s和1.51±0.23vs1.37±0.29,P＜0.05),E峰减速时间DT延长〔(0.161±0.031)svs(0.192±0.05)s,P＜0.01〕。侧壁处二尖瓣环运动速度Eal降低〔(18.7±3.8)em/svs(16.3±3.7)cm/s,P＜0.01〕,Aal和Eal/Aal比值无显著变化〔(11.3±2.5)cm/svs(10.5±1.9)cm/s和1.72±0.46vs1.60±0.44,P＞0.05〕,室间隔侧Eas、Aas降低〔(14.7±2.8)cm/svs(13.1±2.4)cm/s和(9.9±1.7)cm/svs(8.8±1.9)cm/s,P＜0.01〕,Eas/Aas比值无显著变化(1.53±0.37vs1.54±0.33,P＞0.05),FPV无显著变化〔(55.87±6.66)cm/svs(55.32±10.22)cm/s,P＞0.05〕。结论作为评价左室舒张功能的指标,二尖瓣口血流易受前负荷影响,舒张期二尖瓣环运动速度与FPV相对不受前负荷影响,但二尖瓣环运动速度这一指标实际应用中更为优越。     

Diagnosis of left-ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with predialysis chronic renal failure

AIM: To specify effectiveness of different methods for assessment of diastolic function in patients with pre-dialysis chronic renal failure (CRF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty non-diabetic pre-dialysis CRF patients (20 males and 20 females, mean age 51 +/- 11 years) were studied. Serum creatinine was 209.3 +/- 117.4 mcmol/l. 19 patients had chronic heart failure (CHF) of NYHA class I-III. M-mode echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography were performed. Transmitral and pulmonary venous flows were assessed by Doppler echocardiography and the flow propagation velocity (Vp) was estimated by color M-mode Doppler echocardiography. The ratio of peak E-wave velocity of transmitral flow to Vp (E/Vp) was calculated. All the patients had preserved systolic function (ejection fraction > 45%). RESULTS: Interpretation of transmitral flow was difficult in 16 (40.0%) patients. During Valsalva's manoeuvre the E-wave peak velocities, the A-wave velocities and the ratio E/A were decreasing. However, we did not reveal any correlation between E/A and NYHA class of heart failure (r = 0.18; p = 0.32). Interpretation of pulmonary venous flow was possible only in 24 (60.0%) patients. Vp estimation by color M-mode Doppler echocardiography improved evaluation of diastolic function in 15 of 16 patients with problems of transmitral flow assessment. A negative correlation was revealed between NYHA class and Vp (r = -0.39; p = 0.013) and a positive correlation was between NYHA class and E/Vp (r = 0.45; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Vp assessed by color M-mode Doppler echocardiography improves the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. This method has an advantage over pulmonary venous flow investigation. The Valsalva's manoeuvre is low-effective for differential diagnosis of transmitral flow types.     

彩色血流传播速度对二尖瓣置换术后左心室舒张功能的定量评估

目的 探讨彩色M型多普勒(CMM)评价二尖瓣置换术(MVR)后患者左室舒张功能的临床价值.方法 52例接受MVR术后3个月以上患者为病例组,另选取年龄、性别相匹配的30例正常人为对照组.测量左房室腔大小、机械瓣口流速、射血分数(EF)等常规超声心动图指标;应用CMM测量舒张期左室内彩色血流传播速度(Vp),计算二尖瓣位机械瓣口血流速度(E)与Vp比值(E/Vp);应用组织多普勒测量二尖瓣环舒张期峰值速度(Em),计算均值Em'和E/Em'.结果 ①MVR组Vp、Em较对照组明显减低,E/Vp、E/Em'较对照组明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).E/Vp与E/Em'相关性良好,r=0.86,P <0.01;②Vp受左窜收缩功能和心律的影响,当EF≤50%或者心房颤动时,Vp减低更明显(P<0.01),而E/Vp受EF及心房颤动的影响较小(P>0.05);③绘制ROC曲线,以E/Vp≥2.00为最佳截断值,预测E/Em'≥15的敏感性为92.31%,特异性为83.65%,曲线下面积0.954.结论 CMM可用于评价MVR术后左室舒张功能;E/Vp与E/Em具有良好的一致性,可作为评价MVR术后左室舒张功能的有效指标.     

Characteristics of mitral and tricuspid annular velocities determined by pulsed wave Doppler tissue imaging in healthy subjects.

Assessment of myocardial velocities by Doppler tissue imaging is gaining in importance. However, generally accepted reference values are still missing. In this study we examined 62 consecutive healthy subjects (mean age 46, range 22-82 years) by pulsed wave Doppler tissue imaging to characterize the systolic and diastolic velocity profiles of the left and right ventricles. The subjects were divided into 3 different age-groups: group I, younger than 40 years; group II, 40 to 59 years; and group III, 60 years and older. Recordings were made along the long axis in the apical 4- and 2-chamber views by using 4 sites (septal, anterior, lateral, and inferior) at the mitral annulus and 1 site at the tricuspid annulus. Systolic mitral annular velocity (10.3 +/- 1.4 cm/s) correlated strongly with global left ventricular function determined by M-mode echocardiographic mitral annular displacement (r = 0.70, P <.001). The systolic velocity was significantly lower in group III than in group I (9.6 vs 10.8 cm/s, P <.01). A relatively weak, but significant, correlation was found between systolic velocity and the age of the subjects (r = -0.43, P <.001). Mitral annular early diastolic velocity was also lower in group III compared with group I (11.3 vs 17.7 cm/s, P <.001), with a strong correlation with age (r = -0.81, P <.001) and other conventional Doppler diastolic parameters. Both the systolic and early diastolic mitral annular velocities at the septum were lower than at other left ventricular sites. Tricuspid annular systolic velocity (15.2 +/- 1.9 cm/s) was higher than mitral annular systolic velocity (P <.001). Unlike mitral annular velocity, systolic tricuspid annular velocity was not correlated with age. However, the diastolic tricuspid annular velocities correlated well with transtricuspid Doppler diastolic parameters. The method of recording the annular velocities was feasible in all subjects, simple and highly reproducible.     

心室功能评估中房室瓣环组织多普勒波形的测定

在诸多无创性评估心室功能的检测手段和方法中,多普勒组织成像(DTI)正得到临床的广泛应用,房室瓣环组织多普勒波形改变对心室功能的提示意义也逐渐受到重视.房室瓣环的运动代表了心肌纤维由基底部向心尖的运动,瓣环运动速度的测定可提供心室收缩期到舒张早期运动状态的信息.DTI获得的二尖瓣环收缩期运动速度波形可反映心梗缺血壁段引起的左室壁不协调性,并可用这些参数评价左室的整体收缩功能.三尖瓣环的DTI运动速度可以用于评价与下壁心梗相关的右室功能.因受前负荷变化的影响小,二尖瓣环DTI有助于鉴别二尖瓣的假阴性血流频谱,有助于无创性评估左室充盈压.一些影响房室瓣环DTI运动速度测定的因素目前难以消除,需结合其他多普勒参数和临床表现来分析.     

Association of newer diastolic function parameters with age in healthy subjects: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine if newer Doppler diastolic function parameters are associated with age and to define age-stratified reference ranges for these parameters in a population-based setting. BACKGROUND: Although newer Doppler parameters aid in the evaluation of diastolic function and filling pressures, age-specific reference ranges are poorly described. METHODS: Randomly selected residents of Olmsted County, Minn, age >/= 45 years were studied (n = 2042) prospectively. Those without a history of cardiovascular disease or abnormal 2-dimensional echocardiograms were selected. Measured parameters included the transmitral early (E) and late (A) filling velocities at rest and with Valsalva, A duration, pulmonary venous atrial reversal duration, lateral and septal early diastolic mitral annular velocities, E/lateral early diastolic mitral annular velocity, E/septal early diastolic mitral annular velocity, and the index of left ventricular myocardial performance. RESULTS: A total of 1012 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Both A duration (r = 0.18, P <.001) and pulmonary venous atrial reversal duration (r = 0.28, P <.001) were longer in older subjects, whereas their difference showed a marginal correlation with age (r = 0.07, P =.036). The E/A ratio at peak Valsalva correlated with age (r = -0.54, P <.001) whereas the change in E/A with Valsalva (corrected for E-A fusion) showed a marginal correlation with age (r = 0.08, P =.032). Both E/lateral early diastolic mitral annular velocity (r = 0.39, P <.001) and E/septal early diastolic mitral annular velocity (r = 0.27, P <.001) increased with age. Left ventricular myocardial performance showed a marginal correlation with age (r = 0.08, P =.014). Age specific reference ranges (median, 5th and 95th percentiles) for all parameters are provided. CONCLUSIONS: All newer Doppler diastolic function parameters showed a variable but significant correlation with age. Age-specific reference values will aid in the interpretation of diastolic function parameters.     

An evaluation of the use of new Doppler methods for detecting longitudinal function abnormalities in a pacing-induced heart failure model.

BACKGROUND: Doppler tissue echocardiography and color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity have proven useful in evaluating cross-sections of patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, but experience with serial changes is limited. Purpose and methods: We tested their use by evaluating the temporal changes of LV function in a pacing-induced congestive heart failure model. Rapid ventricular pacing was initiated and maintained in 20 dogs for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and weekly during brief pacing cessation. RESULTS: With rapid pacing, LV volume significantly increased and ejection fraction (57%-28%), stroke volume (37-18 mL), and mitral annulus systolic velocity (16.1-6.6 cm/s) by Doppler tissue echocardiography significantly decreased, with ejection fraction and mitral annulus systolic velocity closely correlated (r = 0.706, P <.0001). In contrast to the mitral inflow velocities, mitral annulus early diastolic velocity decreased steadily (12.3-7.3 cm/s) resulting in a dramatic decrease in mitral annulus early/late (1.22-0.57) diastolic velocity with no tendency toward pseudonormalization. The color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity also showed significant steady decrease (57-24 cm/s) throughout the pacing period. Multiple regression analysis chose mitral annulus systolic velocity (r = 0.895, P <.0001) and propagation velocity (r = 0.782, P <.0001) for the most important factor predicting LV systolic and diastolic function, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Doppler tissue echocardiography and color M-mode Doppler flow could evaluate the serial deterioration in LV dysfunction throughout the pacing period. These were more useful in quantifying progressive LV dysfunction than conventional ehocardiographic techniques, and were probably relatively independent of preload. These techniques could be suitable for longitudinal evaluation in addition to the cross-sectional study.     

Color M-mode and Doppler tissue evaluation of diastolic function in children: simultaneous correlation with invasive indices.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the validity of diastolic indices derived from color M-mode Doppler and Doppler tissue imaging in a heterogeneous group of pediatric patients by comparing them with simultaneously obtained invasive indices of diastolic function. METHODS: A total of 20 children undergoing left heart catheterization had echocardiographic images recorded simultaneously with high-fidelity left ventricular (LV) pressure tracings. Transmitral Doppler, pulmonary vein Doppler, Doppler tissue imaging, and color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity were recorded. LV peak negative dP/dt, the time constant of isovolumic relaxation, and LV end-diastolic pressure were compared with the echocardiographic indices. RESULTS: The ratio of peak E-wave mitral velocity/propagation velocity correlated significantly with LV end-diastolic pressure (r = 0.71; P <.001). Propagation velocity correlated with the time constant of isovolumic relaxation (r = -0.56; P =.01) and peak negative dP/dt (r = 0.50; P <.03). Septal mitral annular myocardial velocity correlated significantly with the time constant of isovolumic relaxation (r = -0.58, P =.01). CONCLUSION: The newer diastolic indices derived from color M-mode Doppler and Doppler tissue imaging appear to be a helpful adjunct in the noninvasive assessment of diastolic function in children.     

Tissue Doppler in critical illness: a retrospective cohort study

Background  

There is a paucity of published data on tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in the critically ill. In a critically ill cohort, we studied the distribution of TDI and its correlation with other echocardiographic indices of preload. To aid hypothesis generation and sample size calculation, associations between echocardiographic variables, including the ratio of peak early diastolic transmitral velocity (E) to peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E'), and mortality were also explored.     

Assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function by Doppler tissue imaging in patients with preinfarction angina.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was assessment of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function by pulsed wave Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) in patients with or without preinfarction angina in acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 31 consecutive patients (4 women, 27 men; age 58 +/- 10 years) with a first acute myocardial infarction. LV systolic and diastolic function was assessed by classic methods and DTI on the third day during acute myocardial infarction. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence (group 1; n = 10) or absence (group 2; n = 21) of preinfarction angina. Mitral inflow velocities and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Em), late diastolic mitral annular velocity (Am), peak systolic mitral annular velocity, Em/Am, the ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity (E) to Em, and myocardial performance index were calculated by DTI. RESULTS: Group 1 had significantly higher Em and Em/Am than group 2 (11.3 +/- 3.34 cm/s vs 7.4 +/- 2.07 cm/s, P <.0001; 1.01 +/- 0.38 cm/s vs 0.6 +/- 0.2 cm/s, P =.001, respectively). The E/Em ratio and myocardial performance index were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (5.1 +/- 2.92 vs 8.10 +/- 3.15, P=.018; 0.49 +/- 0.15 vs 0.65 +/- 0.24, P =.042, respectively). Wall-motion score index was lower in those with preinfarction angina than in those without (1.6 +/- 0.36 vs 1.9 +/- 0.39; P =.04, respectively). Peak systolic mitral annular velocity and Am were not statistically different between groups (9.4 +/- 1.84 vs 8.3 +/- 2.03, P =.172; 11.7 +/- 3.07 vs 12.1 +/- 3.34, P =.72, respectively). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding transmitral E velocity, atrial contraction mitral inflow velocity (A), E/A ratio, isovolumetric relaxation time, and deceleration time of the mitral E wave (P =.91, P =.08, P =.58, P =.81, and P =.71, respectively). CONCLUSION: LV diastolic function was better in patients with preinfarction angina than in patients without. This condition could not be detected by conventional mitral inflow Doppler velocities, but could be detected by DTI. This preliminary evidence shows that DTI is better than conventional mitral Doppler indices in the assessment of a favorable LV diastolic function in patients with preinfarction angina.     

多普勒组织成像评价高血压病患者左室舒张功能

目的　探讨应用多普勒组织成像 (DTI)技术检测二尖瓣环运动速度评估原发性高血压病左室舒张功能的应用价值。方法　应用DTI技术 ,对 5 6例原发性高血压病患者和 5 0例正常对照者二尖瓣环运动速度进行测定 ,并与常规多普勒超声心动图检查结果对照分析。结果　与正常组相比 ,高血压病患者收缩期DTI速度峰值 (S)差异无显著性意义 ,舒张早期DTI速度峰值 (Ve)显著减低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,舒张晚期DTI速度峰值 (Va)无显著变化 ,舒张早期与舒张晚期DTI速度峰值的比值 (Ve Va)显著减低 (P <0 .0 5 )。Ve Va值与二尖瓣血流频谱E A值之间存在高度相关性。结论　DTI技术检测二尖瓣环舒张期运动速度参数可用于无创评价原发性高血压病左室舒张功能。     

Effects of first myocardial infarction on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function with the use of mitral annular velocity determined by pulsed wave doppler tissue imaging.

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of a first myocardial infarction (MI) on the systolic and diastolic velocity profiles of the mitral annulus determined by pulsed wave Doppler tissue imaging and thereby evaluate left ventricular (LV) function after MI. Seventy-eight patients with a first MI were examined before discharge. Peak systolic, peak early diastolic, and peak late diastolic velocities were recorded at 4 different sites on the mitral annulus corresponding to the septum, anterior, lateral, and inferior sites of the left ventricle. In addition, the amplitude of mitral annular motion at the 4 above LV sites, the ejection fraction, and conventional Doppler diastolic parameters were recorded. Nineteen age-matched healthy subjects served as controls. Compared with healthy subjects, the MI patients had a significantly reduced peak systolic velocity at the mitral annulus, especially at the infarction sites. A relatively good linear correlation was found between the ejection fraction and the mean systolic velocity from the 4 LV sites (r = 0.74, P <.001). The correlation was also good when the mean peak systolic mitral annular velocity was tested against the magnitude of the mean mitral annular motion (r = 0.77, P <.001). When the patients were divided into 2 different groups with respect to an ejection fraction > or =0.50 or <0.50, a cutoff point of mean systolic mitral annular velocity of > or =7.5 cm/s had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 88% in predicting a preserved global LV systolic function. Similar to systolic velocities, the early diastolic velocity was also reduced, especially at the infarction sites. The peak mitral annular early diastolic velocity correlated well with both LV ejection fraction (r =.66, P <.001) and mean systolic mitral annular motion (r = 0.68, P <.001). However, no correlation existed between the early diastolic velocity and conventional diastolic Doppler parameters. The reduced peak systolic mitral annular velocity seems to be an expression of regionally reduced systolic function. The peak early diastolic velocity is also reduced, especially at the infarction sites, and reflects regional diastolic dysfunction. Thus, quantification of myocardial velocity by Doppler tissue imaging opens up a new possibility of assessing LV function along its long axis.     

双多普勒同步成像技术评价高血压患者不同左心室构型的左心室舒张功能

目的 探讨双多普勒同步成像技术评价高血压患者不同左心室构型左心室舒张功能的价值。方法 将179例高血压患者(高血压组)根据左心室心肌质量指数(LVMI)和相对室壁厚度(RWT)分为4亚组,即正常构型、向心重构型、离心肥厚型及向心肥厚型亚组;选取62名健康志愿者为对照组。随机选取73例患者,分别采用传统非同步模式和双多普勒同步模式测量相同参数,采用Bland-Altman法和组内相关系数(ICC)对两种模式行可重复性检验。采用双多普勒同步技术计算同一心动周期的二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值流速(E)和组织多普勒(TDI)二尖瓣环侧壁(L)二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(e'')的比值[E/e''(L)];同步计算二尖瓣口E峰和TDI二尖瓣环室间隔(S)舒张早期峰值速度(e'')的比值[E/e''(S)];同步计算二尖瓣口E峰和舒张期二尖瓣口血流传播速度(Vp)的比值(E/Vp)。结果 高血压各亚组E/e''(S)、E/e''(L)、E/Vp均高于对照组(P均<0.05),向心肥厚亚组E/e''(S)、E/e''(L)、E/Vp分别高于正常构型亚组和向心重构亚组,余各组间比较差异无统计学意义,但正常构型亚组、向心重构亚组、离心肥厚亚组及向心肥厚亚组E/e''(S)、E/e''(L)、E/Vp均呈依次增高的趋势。Bland-Altman法显示双多普勒模式较非同步模式测量的E/e''(L)、E/e''(S)、E/Vp的可重复性更好,ICC值更高。结论 双多普勒同步成像技术较非同步模式重复性更好,可有效地评价高血压患者不同左心室构型的舒张功能受损情况。     

Preload dependence of color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity in controls and in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of preload alterations on color M-mode flow propagation velocity (Vp) in volunteers with normal left ventricular (LV) function and in patients with depressed LV function. Color M-mode Doppler echocardiography was performed during Valsalva maneuver, passive leg lifting, and after administration of nitroglycerin in 30 healthy volunteers and in 30 age- and sex-matched patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI). Mean Vp in controls was 74 +/- 15 cm/s at baseline and 46 +/- 15 cm/s in MI patients (P <.0005). In both groups, minor changes in Vp were seen during preload alterations; however, these were not significant (control P =.72, MI P =.31). In both groups, peak E-wave velocity (P <.0005), ratio of early-to-late peak velocities (P <.0005), and E-wave deceleration time (P <.0005) were found to change during preload alterations. In conclusion, we found that in controls and patients with previous MI, the color M-mode flow propagation velocity is not affected significantly by preload.     

Reference ranges for tissue Doppler measures of maternal systolic and diastolic left ventricular function.

OBJECTIVES: Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is an echocardiographic technique that evaluates longitudinal myocardial tissue velocities during left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, relatively independently of loading conditions. Limited data are available regarding maternal cardiac function using TDI. The aim of this study was to construct reference charts for TDI indices in normal pregnancy. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study on 104 pregnant women at 11-38 weeks of gestation and 19 non-pregnant controls. Doppler echocardiography was used to assess transmitral inflow velocities during diastole (peak velocity of early (E) and late (A) atrial filling), whilst TDI at the septal and lateral margins of the mitral annulus measured diastolic velocities (peak velocity of early (E') and late (A') diastolic filling) and peak systolic velocity (S'). The left ventricular filling index (E : E' ratio) was derived. The Tei index (ratio of isovolumetric time to ejection time) was measured. RESULTS: Systolic function assessed by TDI S' velocity was unaltered at the septal and lateral margins, although S' velocity at the lateral margin was higher (12%, P = 0.028) in the first two trimesters, compared to non-pregnant controls. Diastolic function was modified as demonstrated by an increase in A velocity (P P = 0.024). Similarly, A' increased at the septal and lateral margins ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively), resulting in a decrease in E' : A' ratios at the septal and lateral mitral margins ( P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). E : E' at both mitral margins and Tei index were unaltered. CONCLUSION: This study gives normal ranges for TDI indices in pregnancy. TDI demonstrated modified longitudinal systolic and diastolic function. Future studies will evaluate the potential of this technique in pregnancies complicated by hypertension and cardiac disease. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mitral valve leaflet excursion velocity in the pediatric population: a comparable diastolic index to the color M-mode propagation velocity.

Color M-mode (CMM) Doppler flow propagation velocity (Vp) is a reliable diastolic index, but may be difficult to define. We hypothesized that because the valve is opened by flow, the anterior mitral leaflet excursion velocity (MEVApex ), interrogated from the cardiac apex, may be similar to the CMM-Vp. We investigated the MEVApex by apical M-mode echocardiography in 49 children and adolescents with normal echocardiograms, and compared it with the CMM-Vp and other indices. The mean CMM-Vp and MEVApex were similar (41.5 +/- 6 vs 40 +/- 5.7, respectively, mean +/- SD; P = .5) and correlated positively ( r = 0.71, P < .0001, Bland-Altman analysis). The peak velocity of mitral inflow (E wave) divided by the Vp (E/Vp) and E/MEVApex correlated well (2.54 +/- 0.58 vs 2.52 +/- 0.58, respectively, mean +/- SD; r = 0.857, P < .001, Bland-Altman analysis). The MEVApex is comparable with the CMM-Vp and the E/MEVApex with E/Vp. The Vp may be assessed either by CMM or conventional M-mode from the apex. In our experience, the latter is easier to do. Study in other populations is warranted.     

经胸超声心动图评估肾衰血透患者冠脉血流和心功能

目的　探讨肾衰血透患者冠状动脉血流和心功能改变的特点。方法　用经胸冠脉血流显像技术、多普勒组织显像 (DTI)技术、常规M超声和二尖瓣口血流频谱法对比观察了 2 3例血透组及 2 8例正常对照组冠脉血流显像和左室收缩及舒张功能。结果　血透组较对照组冠脉血流显示明显丰富 ,冠脉前降支和后降支的收缩期和舒张期血流峰速均明显增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;反映舒张功能的指标在血透组异常 :二尖瓣口血流频谱E/A <1,二尖瓣环运动频谱e/a <1;前降支和后降支峰速与左室壁厚度比值、收缩功能指标EF值和二尖瓣环收缩期峰速s在两组间无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。二尖瓣口血流频谱及二尖瓣环运动频谱在血透组对舒张功能异常检出率分别为 74%及 90 % ,有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　肾衰血透患者冠脉血流明显丰富 ,有舒张功能异常 ,且早于收缩功能异常 ;二尖瓣环运动频谱较二尖瓣口血流频谱更能敏感地反映左室舒张功能 ,可作为常规检查方法     

彩色多普勒超声对心房颤动患者左心室舒张功能障碍的研究

目的应用彩色多普勒超声心动图评价心房颤动（房颤）患者的左心室舒张功能。方法将39例房颤患者分为器质性房颤组和孤立性房颤组,分别采集房颤患者的二尖瓣血流频谱、彩色M型及二尖瓣环的组织多普勒运动曲线上的参数,并与正常对照组比较。结果与正常对照组比较,器质性房颤组二尖瓣血流频谱部分参数及彩色M型、二尖瓣环组织多普勒运动曲线上的参数差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;孤立性房颤组只有二尖瓣环组织多普勒运动曲线上的参数与对照组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论①器质性房颤及孤立性房颤患者均存在左室舒张功能障碍。②左室内舒张早期血流传播速度及二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度可用来评价房颤患者左室舒张功能。③房颤患者舒张早期二尖瓣口血流频谱参数不稳定,但E峰峰值加速度对评价房颤患者左室舒张功能较敏感。     

应变率成像评估左心室不同舒张功能状态患者左心房功能

目的探讨应变率成像（SRI）评估左心室不同舒张功能状态下左心房功能的价值。方法128例受检者根据左心室不同舒张功能状态分成正常组、顺应性降低组、假性正常化组及限制性充盈障碍组。采集心尖四腔观、三腔观和二腔观组织速度图,SRI测量并计算左心室收缩期左心房平均峰值应变率（mSRs）、左心室舒张早期左心房平均值峰应变率（mSRe）、左心房收缩期左心房平均峰值应变率（mSRa）;测量包括二尖瓣口舒张早期前向血流峰值速度（E）与二尖瓣前瓣环纽织多普勒E比值（E／E′）及E与二尖瓣口M型彩色多普勒峰值血流速度Vp比值（E／Vp）等左心室舒张功能相关参数。将SRI所测左心房功能相关参数与反映左心室舒张功能相关参数作对比。结果E／Vp及E／E′随舒张功能障碍加重而增高,1．1±0．3vs1．6±0．2vs2．1±0．3VS2．6±0．4和7．4±2．4 vs 10．4±2．9VS17．6±4．2vs22．8±4．8（均P〈0．05）;4组患者mSRs、mSRe、mSRa差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;mSRe随舒张功能障碍加重而降低,（3．73±0．92）^-1 vs（2．84±0．54）^-1 vs（1.94±0．23）s^-1 vs（1．85±0．30）s。（均P〈0．05）,mSRs及mSRa在舒张功能降低组最高,而在限制性充盈障碍组中最低;E／E′、E／Vp与mSRe呈良好负相关（r=0．813,P〈0．01;r=-0．793,P〈0．01）。结论SRI可准确评价左心室不同舒张功能状态患者左心房功能。     

前负荷对组织多普勒成像技术评价左心室舒张功能的影响

目的探讨应用组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术评价心室舒张功能时是否受前负荷改变的影响。方法对30例血液透析的慢性肾功能不全患者,根据其透析前后体质量变化是否>2kg分为A组(<2kg)和B组(≥2kg),分别在透析前后用脉冲多普勒测量二尖瓣口及肺静脉血流频谱(E峰、A峰、S峰、D峰),并用TDI测量二尖瓣瓣环及各室壁中段的收缩期峰值速度(Sa和Sm)、舒张早期峰值速度(Ea和Em)及舒张晚期峰值速度(Aa和Am)。结果与透析前相比较,A组透析后Em减低(P<0.01),Em/Am降低(P<0.05),其余参数差异均无统计学意义;B组E峰、E/A、S峰及D峰降低(P<0.05),S/D值增加(P<0.05),Ea、Em、Ea/Aa及Em/Am均减低(P<0.01)。结论TDI在评价心室舒张功能时,与彩色多普勒血流显像一样受前负荷的影响,且与前负荷变化程度有关。