鼻内镜在前颅底沟通性肿瘤切除中的应用

目的 总结在鼻内镜辅助下前颅底沟通性肿瘤的手术切除方法.方法 采用鼻内镜辅助下颅面联合入路对21例鼻腔、鼻窦-颅沟通性肿瘤及7例鼻-眶-颅沟通性肿瘤行手术切除,对颅底缺损区同期行带蒂额肌帽状腱膜裂层颅骨瓣修复.结果 28例肿瘤全切22例（78.6%）,次全切除4例,部分切除2例,术后均未发生脑脊液漏和颅内感染.其中良性肿瘤8例,至今全部存活;恶性肿瘤20例,2年生存17例,3年生存14例,5年以上存活8例.结论 采用鼻内镜辅助下颅面联合入路,进行前颅底沟通性肿瘤切除,辅以带蒂额肌帽状腱膜裂层颅骨瓣修复颅底缺损区,肿瘤切除安全彻底、方便可靠,是一种较为理想的手术方法.     

颅鼻眶肿瘤手术切除与缺损重建

目的 经颅-鼻腔双重入路,一期整块切除颅鼻眶肿瘤,应用颅骨外板及帽状腱膜骨膜瓣一期修复前颅底巨大缺损.方法 16例颅鼻眶恶性肿瘤,采用经颅-鼻腔双重入路方法 一期整块切除肿瘤.术中行双额冠状瓣开颅、骨瓣形成、经前颅窝底探查肿瘤侵犯部位及程度,一期整块切除前颅底及筛窦、眼眶恶性肿瘤.应用鼻腔内窥镜摘除鼻腔内肿瘤.肿瘤切除后,采用颅骨外板、钛板和带蒂帽状腱膜骨膜瓣或双侧颞肌筋膜瓣修复前颅底巨大缺损.结果 肿瘤整块切除,术后复发率低.术中一期修补巨大缺损,术后无脑脊液漏及脑膨出等并发症发生.结论经颅-鼻腔双重入路一期切除颅鼻眶恶性肿瘤,手术入路方便,肿瘤切除彻底.应用颅骨外板、钛板及带蒂帽状腱膜骨膜瓣可一期修补肿瘤切除后巨大缺损,修复效果安全可靠,能有效防止前颅底手术后并发症.     

颅鼻眶肿瘤手术切除与缺损重建

目的经颅-鼻腔双重入路，Ⅰ期整块切除颅鼻眶肿瘤，应用颅骨外板及帽状腱膜骨膜瓣Ⅰ期修复前颅底巨大缺损。方法本组16例颅鼻眶恶性肿瘤，采用经颅-鼻腔双重入路方法1期整块切除肿瘤。术中行双额冠状瓣开颅、骨瓣形成、经前颅窝底探查肿瘤侵犯部位及程度，Ⅰ期整块切除前颅底及筛窦、眼眶恶性肿瘤。应用鼻腔内窥镜摘除鼻腔内肿瘤。肿瘤切除后，采用颅骨外板、钛板和带蒂帽状腱膜骨膜瓣或双侧颞肌筋膜瓣修复前颅底巨大缺损。结果肿瘤整块切除，术后复发率低。术中Ⅰ期修补巨大缺损，术后无脑脊液漏及脑膨出等并发症发生。结论经颅-鼻腔双重入路Ⅰ期切除颅鼻眶恶性肿瘤，手术入路方便，肿瘤切除彻底。应用颅骨外板、钛板及带蒂帽状腱膜骨膜瓣可Ⅰ期修补肿瘤切除后巨大缺埙，修复效果安全可靠，能有效防止前颅底手术后并发症。     

沟通性鼻腔肿瘤的外科治疗（附75例报告）

目的探讨沟通性鼻腔肿瘤临床特点和治疗方法。方法 75例患者均行术前CT检查定位诊断。颅鼻沟通性性肿瘤63例,其中内翻性乳头状瘤恶变8例,神经胶质瘤14例,低分化癌15例,嗅母细胞瘤17例,胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤9例。口鼻沟通性肿瘤12例,其中硬腭混合瘤9例,乳头状瘤3例。63例采用颅面联合进路,12例采用Weber-Fergusson进路。结果 75例患者肿瘤全切56例,次全切除12例,部分切除7例,无术中死亡病例。63恶性沟通性肿瘤随访57例,术后1年存活55例,术后2年存活46例,术后3年38例。结论沟通性鼻腔肿瘤分别采用颅面联合联合进路、Weber-Fergusson进路,可充分显露肿瘤,采用带蒂额肌帽状腱膜裂层颅骨瓣修复颅底缺损,效果满意,值得临床推广。     

颅眶沟通瘤的显微手术治疗及颅底缺损修复

目的 探讨颅眶沟通瘤肿瘤的显微手术治疗的效果.方法 35列患者根据肿瘤主体位置、大小和性质不同分别采用眶翼点入路(5例)、眶颧额颠(12例)入路和额眶入路(18例)进行显微切除手术.肿瘤切除后对前颅底骨质的缺顿,分别采用游离骨膜加生物胶、带蒂额帽状腱膜瓣、带蒂颞肌筋膜瓣以及汰板加带蒂额帽状腱膜瓣等方法 进行颅底缺损的修复.结果 手术全切除28例.次全切除7例.手术后无脑脊液漏、搏动性突眼及颅内感染等严重并发症发生,无手术死亡.35例患者30例得到随访,随访时间8个月～10年.其中25例眼球突出患者22例术后恢复正常,3例明显减轻;26例视力视野损害患者22例术后恢复正常或明显好转,4例无明显变化;22例眼球运动障碍者术后18例灰复正常或明显改善,2例无变化,2例加重.结论 肿瘤主体位置、大4、和性质是决定选择不同手术入路的关键.术后根据前颅底骨质缺损的位置和范围不同,分别选择不同材料的修补方法 能避免术后脑脊液漏等严重并发症的发生.     

颅底沟通性肿瘤41例围手术期护理

我院颅底颅脑外科自 1992年 9月至 1999年 10月收治颅底沟通性肿瘤 4 1例 ,采用颅内外联合径路 ,一次性整块切除肿瘤 ,取得满意效果 ,现将围手术期护理体会报告如下。1　临床资料　　本组病人共 4 1例 ,男性 2 8例 ,女性 13例 ,年龄11～ 81岁 ,平均 4 3岁。其中前颅底沟通性肿瘤 13例 ,侧颅底沟通性肿瘤 2 0例 ,后颅底沟通性肿瘤 5例。采用颅面联合径路 9例 ,颅颈联合径路 14例 ,颅眶联合径路 18例。其中采用额肌帽状腱膜复合组织瓣修复 4例 ,帽状腱膜 游离颞骨 游离皮片 7例 ,斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣修复 8例 ,胸大肌皮瓣修复 1例。术后发生脑…     

在颅底修复中带蒂复合组织瓣的应用

目的 :探讨在颅底病变切除后组织缺损修复中多种带蒂复合组织瓣的应用。方法 :术中应用颞肌复合组织瓣、额肌复合组织瓣、帽状腱膜组织瓣、胸大肌肌皮瓣、斜方肌肌皮瓣、胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣一期修复前颅底缺损 10例 ,侧颅底缺损 11例。结果 :2 1例均一期愈合 ,随访 6月以上 ,无颅内感染 ,无脑脊液漏 ,无脑疝形成。结论 :带蒂复合组织瓣是一期修复颅底缺损的理想材料。需根据缺损部位和不同组织瓣的特点选择 ,大面积缺损可采用联合修复的方法     

鼻-颅沟通性肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨鼻-颅沟通性肿瘤的外科治疗方法和效果.方法 回顾性分析我院以外科治疗为主的36例鼻-颅沟通性肿瘤患者资料,颅面联合入路30例、经前额剖颅入路5例、单纯鼻侧切开入路1例.肿瘤切除后造成的硬脑膜缺损用自体组织严密修补,颅底区组织缺损用额部带蒂复合组织瓣修复.结果 肿瘤全切28例,次全切除6例,部分切除2例,无手术死亡患者,术后恢复良好,并发症主要为脑神经损伤3例;伤口感染2例,局部加强换药延迟愈合;出现暂时性脑脊液漏1例,一过性的精神症状1例.经信访或门诊随访1～7年,8例死于肿瘤(局部复发5例,全身转移3例),失访1例.存活>2年24例,>3年15例.结论 鼻-颅沟通性肿瘤以外科治疗为主,颅面联合入路手术是比较好的术式,同时应用额部带蒂复合组织辩行颅底区组织缺损的修复是可靠的.     

带蒂额瓣帽状腱膜修复累及前颅底及眶纸板的鼻腔鼻窦癌1例报告

本研究报道1例累及眶内及颅内的鼻腔鼻窦癌患者,带蒂额瓣修复眶及前颅底并取得良好效果.认为带蒂额瓣因其血供丰富、取瓣面积大,是经颅面联合进路切除颅眶鼻沟通性肿瘤手术的一种良好的修复方法.     

颅底沟通性肿瘤术后颅底重建

目的：探讨颅底内外沟通性肿瘤术后颅底修复的方法。方法：回顾性研究31例患者颅内外沟通性肿瘤术后颅底修复方法，前颅底采用帽状腱膜和骨膜瓣，中颅底采用颞肌作为修补材料，对颅底进行水封性修复。结果：31例患者全部进行颅底修补，其中30例无手术修补相关性并发症，1例因切口脑脊液漏、颅内感染导致死亡。结论：颅底修复的理念应贯穿于手术前后，并注意术中细节的处理，用帽状腱膜和骨膜瓣、颞肌作为修补材料，可做到水封性修复。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.