胚胎小鼠脊髓源性与纹状体源性神经干细胞的培养及分化特点

目的 探讨小鼠脊髓源性神经干细胞与纹状体源性神经干细胞的分离培养方法 及增殖特点,比较两种来源的神经干细胞发育时期上的异同,寻找更有利于脊髓损伤修复的种子细胞.方法 利用显微解剖、无血清培养和单细胞克隆技术在孕14 d小鼠的胎鼠的脊髓及纹状体中分离培养具有单细胞克隆能力的细胞,免疫荧光染色检测克隆细胞的神经巢蛋白(nestin)抗原和诱导分化后特异性成熟神经细胞抗原的表达,并比较两种来源的干细胞在培养及分化方向上的异同点.结果从胎鼠的脊髓和纹状体中成功分离出神经干细胞.两种来源的干细胞均具有连续克隆能力可传代培养,表达nestin.脊髓血清诱导分化后脊髓源性神经干细胞β-tubulinⅢ阳性细胞(13.5±0.8)较纹状体源性神经干细胞(17.4±1.1)减少,而nestin、GFAP阳性细胞明显增多(45.7±0.3vs 39.2±1.2;25.2±1.3 vs 18.8±0.9),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 依据细胞增殖特点和分化结果的区别,证实纹状体源性神经干细胞更适合用于移植修复脊髓损伤.     

人胚脊髓神经干细胞的分离培养和鉴定

目的:探讨人胚脊髓神经干细胞的体外培养和分化的方法,观察其增殖和分化特点。方法:利用无血清培养和单细胞克隆技术从人胚脊髓组织中分离培养出神经干细胞并用血清诱导其分化,应用免疫荧光细胞化学技术对培养细胞及其分化细胞进行鉴定。结果:从人胚脊髓组织分离的细胞在EGF单独存在时无法形成神经球,在bFGF单独存在时只形成少量神经球,在EGF和bFGF共同存在时形成大量具有连续增殖能力的神经球,表达神经干细胞的标志物Nestin,经血清诱导后分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞并表达特异性抗原NSE、GFAP和CNP。结论:在体外培养条件下可从人胚脊髓组织中培养出神经干细胞,它可为神经干细胞的基础研究和临床应用提供材料。     

SD大鼠胚胎神经干细胞分离、培养及鉴定

目的 体外培养并鉴定神经干细胞，为相关实验研究奠定基础。方法 分离SD大鼠胎鼠的间脑，加入神经生长因子EGF和bFGF在神经干细胞条件培养基中克隆培养。用免疫细胞化学方法鉴定分离的神经干细胞。结果 分离培养的细胞具有不断增殖的能力，表达神经巢蛋白（nestin），并能经过诱导分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞。结论 成功建立了神经干细胞的分离培养方法，可用于进一步的实验研究。     

大鼠胎脑皮质神经干细胞体外培养及诱导分化的实验研究

目的 从孕龄15d SD胚胎鼠脑皮质中分离并培养神经干细胞（neural stem cells。NSCs），观察其生长、增殖及分化。方法 采用包含碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）和表皮细胞生长因子（EGF）的无血清培养及单细胞克隆技术，对胚胎鼠脑皮质神经干细胞进行原代、传代培养及诱导其分化。用Nestin染色鉴定神经干细胞特性，用免疫组化方法（β-Ⅲ-tubulin、GFAP染色）检测神经干细胞分化为神经元及神经胶质细胞状况。结果 从孕龄15dSD胚胎鼠脑皮质中分离的组织，经原代及传代培养均可形成细胞克隆．切具有增殖能力。原代及传代培养细胞呈Nestin（神经上皮干细胞蛋白）表达阳性．诱导分化后的细胞表达神经元细胞、星形胶质细胞的特异性抗原。结论 本实验分离、培养的孕龄15dSD胚胎鼠脑皮质细胞Nestin表达阳性．分化后表达神经元和星形胶质细胞的标记物，是大鼠的神经干细胞，并具有多向分化潜能。     

胚胎大鼠脑纹状体和中脑神经干细胞的培养

目的研究大鼠脑不同部位胚胎神经干细胞的增殖分化特性。方法采用无血清培养基分离和培养大鼠脑的纹状体和中脑的神经干细胞,通过巢蛋白(nestin)表达和5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶(5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine BrdU)染色,鉴定细胞的增殖能力;通过新生神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞的特异性免疫细胞化学染色,鉴定培养细胞的多潜能性。通过酪氨酸羟化酶的染色(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)鉴定多巴胺神经元。结果二者在体外培养都可增殖成球,并能分化成神经系统3个谱系的细胞。纹状体增殖传代3个月,中脑培养细胞增殖维持3周。中脑干细胞分化TH阳性细胞比例高于纹状体。结论培养的胎鼠脑细胞是神经干细胞。纹状体干细胞增殖能力高于中脑干细胞,中脑干细胞更倾向于分化成TH阳性细胞。     

GFP^＋-大鼠胚胎脊髓源神经干细胞的培养、分化和Neuregulin-1的表达

目的:从GFP -大鼠胚胎脊髓分离和培养神经干细胞(NSC),观察NSC的分化功能和Neuregulin-1的表达。方法:从孕16d的GFP -大鼠胚胎脊髓中分离、培养神经干细胞,用免疫组织化学方法观察神经球的Neuregulin-1表达及鉴定分化的细胞类型。结果:从大鼠胚胎脊髓能分离、培养出NSC。神经球能表达Neuregin-1和Nestin,并能进一步分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。结论:从GFP -大鼠胚胎脊髓能分离和培养出NSC,该NSC具有分化为用于治疗中枢神经疾病的多种神经细胞的潜能。     

新生大鼠全大脑组织分离诱导分化神经干细胞的体外实验

背景：神经干细胞的供体一般以胎鼠和成年鼠为主，利用细胞培养技术分离步骤较繁琐。 目的：以新生大鼠为神经干细胞供体，拟建立一种较为简便、细胞获得率较高的分离培养方法。 设计、时间及地点：以细胞为对象观察性实验，于2006-10/2007-03在重庆医科大学完成。 材料：新生1~3 d 的Wistar大鼠全大脑。 方法：以胰蛋白酶消化、无血清、悬浮培养原代细胞，并加含体积分数为0.10胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液诱导其分化。 主要观察指标：应用相差显微镜观察神经干细胞的生长特点及分化后的细胞形态学变化。应用间接免疫细胞化学染色法鉴定神经干细胞及其分化后神经元和胶质细胞标志蛋白的表达。以BrdU标记神经干细胞，观察其增殖情况。 结果：新生大鼠脑组织分离的细胞具有连续传代和增殖的能力，能稳定表达神经干细胞特异性巢蛋白。诱导分化后的细胞能表达神经元细胞、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞的特异性蛋白。 结论：从新生大鼠脑组织分离培养出的神经干细胞获得率高，保持了干细胞的未分化属性，具有自我更新和多项分化潜能。     

脂肪干细胞源性神经干细胞克隆球的电镜观察

目的观察脂肪干细胞(ADSCs)源性神经干细胞克隆球的超微结构形态。方法原代培养大鼠ADSCs,向神经干细胞诱导分化,分化为克隆球后,免疫荧光鉴定其Nestin表达,透射电子显微镜观察克隆球超微结构形态。结果大鼠ADSCs可诱导分化为细胞克隆球,其Nestin表达阳性,超微结构与原代培养的神经干细胞克隆球的超微结构相似。结论 ADSCs经诱导分化后形成的克隆球具有神经干细胞的特征。     

新生大鼠海马区及室管膜下区神经干细胞分离、培养和分化特性

目的建立大鼠神经干细胞（NSCs）分离、培养方法，观察其生长、增殖和分化特点。方法利用无血清培养技术，从新生大鼠海马、室管膜下区分离NSCs，进行体外扩增培养、传代观察。采用荧光免疫细胞化学检测技术，观察鉴定NSCs及其分化结果。结果分离获取的细胞具有自我更新和增殖能力，原代及传代培养均可形成细胞克隆，克隆中的细胞巢蛋白（nestin）表达阳性，显微镜下观察见典型的干细胞特征，诱导后可分化神经元和星形胶质细胞。结论上法分离培养的细胞为具有自我更新和增殖能力的NSCs，可诱导分化为终末神经细胞。     

成年 SD 大鼠海马齿状回神经干细胞分离培养和鉴定的改良

目的：改良成年SD大鼠神经干细胞分离、培养及鉴定方法,观察神经干细胞的生长、增殖及分化特点,为后续实验提供细胞。方法从成年SD大鼠分离出完整海马齿状回,采用机械吹打法获得原代细胞,用accutase消化传代,利用cck-8法检测神经干细胞的增殖情况,利用多重免疫荧光细胞化学方法鉴定神经干细胞及其分化细胞。结果机械吹打法可高效获得原代神经干细胞,accutase消化传代更有利于神经干细胞的传代培养,cck-8法简单高效的测定了神经干细胞的增殖,多重免疫荧光创新性的动态展示了神经干细胞经诱导分化后的分化过程。结论改良后的方法可更简单高效的获得和培养出大量细胞,经多重免疫荧光鉴定所分离和培养的细胞是神经干细胞。     

胚胎大鼠嗅神经干细胞的培养及分化特性

目的建立胚胎大鼠嗅神经干细胞(NSCs)体外培养方法,研究其增殖和分化特性.方法采用添加丝裂原的无血清培养基分离、培养胚胎14 d(E14)大鼠嗅球NSCs,应用免疫细胞化学方法鉴定培养的NSCs及自然分化为特异性神经细胞的类型,测定NSCs的生长曲线.结果从E14大鼠嗅球分离、培养出表达nestin,并能分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞的NSCs.嗅NSCs的增殖依赖表皮生长因子(EGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF),其中EGF的促分裂增殖作用明显优于bFGF.结论从E14大鼠嗅球培养出具有自我增殖和多向分化潜能的NSCs.     

Transplantation of rat neural stem cells reduces stereotypic behaviors in rats after intrastriatal microinfusion of Tourette syndrome sera

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a heterogenous neuropsychiatric disorder. In most cases, tics are self-limited or can be treated by behavioral or pharmacological therapy. However, for some individuals, tics can cause lifelong impairment and life-threatening symptoms, which are intractable to traditional treatment. Neural stem cell (NSC) is a potential tool to treat certain neurological diseases. In this study, we proposed to use neural stem cell transplantation as a novel therapy to treat TS and discussed its efficacy. Wistar rats were microinfused with TS sera into the striatum followed by the transplantation of NSCs or vehicle at the infusion site. The sera of the TS patients were identified to have enriched antineural antibodies. Prior to grafting, rat embryonic NSCs were co-cultured with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) for 24 h. Stereotypic behaviors were counted at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after transplantation of NSCs. Morphological analyses revealed that NSCs survived and differentiated into neurons and astrocytes in the striatum 3 weeks after grafting. To sum it up, rat embryonic neural stem cell grafts survived and differentiated in the striatum of TS rat may help relieve stereotypic behaviors of the host. Our results suggest that transplantation of NSCs intrastriatum may have therapeutic potential for TS.     

Neural stem cells are increased after loss of β-catenin, but neural progenitors undergo cell death

Neurons and glia in the central nervous system originate from neural stem and progenitor cells that reside in the ventricular zones. Here we examine the role of β-catenin in neural stem cell (NSC) regulation in mouse embryos lacking β-catenin specifically in the brain germinal zone. An in vitro clonal neurosphere assay was performed in order to ascertain the status of the NSC population. Intact neurospheres did not form from β-catenin-null cells due to a loss of cell adhesion and the number of expanded cells was reduced. Rescue of β-catenin expression restored adhesion and revealed that the number of NSCs increased in the knockout population. Using a clonal colony-forming assay, which confines precursor cells within a solid collagen matrix, we show that the number of NSCs in the hippocampus is unchanged although the β-catenin knockout striatum actually contains a larger proportion of NSCs. However, these colonies were smaller than those of control cells, due to increased apoptosis in the progenitor population. Furthermore, β-catenin knockout NSCs also retained multipotentiality as shown by their ability to clonally differentiate into neurons and glia. The effects on neural precursor cells were not due to loss of downstream T-cell factor signaling, as this pathway is not active in vivo in regions of the embryonic brain where NSCs and progenitor cells reside, nor is it active in vitro in NSC colonies. These data reveal that β-catenin is not required for the maintenance or differentiation of NSCs, but is required for the adhesion and survival of neural progenitor cells.     

Total saponins of Panax ginseng effects on proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic neural stem cells and in a Parkinson's disease mouse model

BACKGROUND:Total saponins of Panax ginseng(TSPG) exhibits neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease in the substantia nigra. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of TSPG on human embryonic neural stem cells(NSCs) proliferation and differentiation into dopaminergic neurons using in vitro studies,and to observe NSC differentiation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease,as well as behavioral changes before and after transplantation. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:In vitro neural cell biology trial and in vivo r...     

神经干细胞和GABA能神经元治疗大鼠颞叶癫痫实验研究

目的探讨并比较神经干细胞(NSCs)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能神经元移植治疗大鼠颞叶癫痫的疗效。方法取孕12 d SD大鼠胎鼠脑组织,分离培养NSCs并鉴定,取第3代NSCs定向诱导分化为GABA能神经元。48只SD大鼠随机分为4组,空白对照组、未移植组、NSCs移植组和GABA能神经元移植组,移植细胞用5-溴脱氧尿苷(BrdU)标记,在模型建立后的第4 d将上述两种细胞移植到癫痫大鼠右侧海马。分别在细胞移植后的4 w、8 w、12 w处死大鼠留取脑标本。常规HE染色和Nissl染色观察大鼠右侧海马的损伤与治疗情况并进行评价。结果 NSCs移植组和GABA能神经元移植组均于移植后第8 w时海马CA3(CA3)区神经元计数最多,组内比较时,与另外两个时间点之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进而取第8 w时间点进行组间比较,结果各组海马区神经元计数之间的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论两治疗组在移植后第8 w时海马区神经元计数最多,且NSC移植组的疗效优于GABA能神经元移植组。     

Inhibition of AF116909 gene expression enhances the differentiation of neural stem cells

OBJECTIVES: Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewed, pluripotent cells that can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Such multipotency that allows production of specific types of nerve cells for basic research and therapeutic purposes depends on how these cells are directed in their differentiation. Here, we investigate the function of the AF116909 gene in the differentiation of NSC. METHODS: NSC culture was isolated from the striatum corpora of embryonic brain tissues in a 14-day pregnant rat. A constructed RNAi (RNA-mediated interference) vector was transfected to knock down the expression of this gene. Afterwards, RT-PCT was applied to examine the presence of endogenous AF116909 mRNA and the effect of RNA interference. RESULTS: After the knockdown of this gene, we detected that the differentiation rate of cells was enhanced to 80% on the 11th day in comparison with 12% in the control cells transfected with the expression vector alone. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that AF116909 functions in inhibiting the differentiation of NSCs, and AF116909 gene-targeting by RNAi provides a useful method to study the differentiation mechanisms of NSCs.     

bFGF and heparin but not laminin are necessary factors in the mediums that affect NSCs differentiation into cholinergic neurons

OBJECTIVES: Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewed, pluripotent cells that can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Cholinergic neurons are an important kind of neurons that play an essential role in the treatment of Parkinsonism and epilepsy. We are interested in how different mediums affect NSCs differentiation into cholinergic neurons. METHODS: NSCs were isolated from the striatum corpora of embryonic brain in a 14-day pregnant rat. Cells were cultured in basic mediums [F12/DMEM (1:1) including 1% B27 (v/v) and 20 ng/ml EGF] but with different combinations of three supplements: bFGF (20 ng/ml), heparin (5 mug/ml) and laminin (1 mug/ml). After 7 days culturing, cells were immunized with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), a marker enzyme of cholinergic neuron. RESULTS: We found ChAT could not be detected in the basic mediums with only one supplement. Then, we tested the combination of two out of three. We found that ChAT positive cells could only be detected in the medium with bFGF and heparin (FH). However, when we added the laminin into the FH, more ChAT positive cells appeared. DISCUSSION: This finding suggests that bFGF and heparin are essential in the mediums that affect NSCs differentiation into cholinergic neurons, and laminin is an important positive factor in this process.     

Wistar大鼠胚胎脑源性神经干细胞分离、培养及其鉴定

目的 分离培养、鉴定Wistar大鼠胚胎脑源性神经干细胞.方法 从Wistar大鼠胚胎脑组织中分离胚胎脑源性神经干细胞,采用无血清培养技术进行培养、传代,应用免疫细胞化学染色对培养的细胞及其分化的细胞进行鉴定.结果 分离培养获得大量悬浮生长的细胞团,该细胞具有连续增殖的能力,并能分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞,经传代培养8代后仍具干细胞特性.结论 Wistar大鼠胚胎脑组织中可成功分离培养神经干细胞,该细胞在体外适宜的条件下能够大量增殖,并具有多向分化潜能.

Abstract：

Objective To isolate and culture the brain-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) from Wistar rat embryos and identify the ability of proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. Methods The neural stem cells were obtained from the brain of Wistar rat embryos. They were cuhured and passaged with serum-free medium. Cultured and differentiated cells were identified with immunocytochemistry staining. Results Clusters of neural stem cells were obtained in suspension and these cells could be continuously proliferated. And the cells could be differentiated into neurons and astrocytes which maintaining the main characteristics of NSCs after 8 passages of culture. Conclusions The neural stem ceils derived from rat embryonic brains are able to proliferate and multiple potent for differentiation.