Iris sphincterotomy, iridotomy, and synechiotomy by linear incision with the argon laser

Linear cuts can be made across the iris fibers by multiple 0.01- to 0.05-second duration argon laser burns delivered through an Abraham iridectomy lens. Intrinsic iris tension will then cause the linear cuts to spread apart. This allows enlargement, reshaping, or repositioning of the pupil and large laser iridotomies with minimal burn energies and a very high percentage of success. The technique minimizes risk to the retina and eliminates the need for stretch burns in laser iridotomy. It requires the use of the Abraham lens and an argon laser, which generates a small spot of high power density. Posterior synechiae can be incised by using a line of low-power 0.01- or 0.02-second burns applied to the adherent pigment epithelium along the iris margin.     

Nd:Yag laser iridotomy in Shaffer-Etienne grade 1 and 2:angle widening in our case studies

AIM:To obtain widening of a potentially occludable angle, in according to Kanski’s indications, through preventive Nd:Yag laser iridotomy. The observational study was performed by using gonioscopy for the selection and follow-up of 1165 treated eyes and exploiting Shaffer-Etienne gonioscopic classification as a quality/quantity test of the angle recession.METHODS:Between September 2000 and July 2012, 586 patients were selected at the Outpatients’ Ophthalmological Clinic of the Policlinico Umberto I of Rome in order to undergo Nd:Yag laser iridotomy. A Goldmann type contact lens, Q-switched mode, 2-3 defocus, and 7-9 mJ intensity with 2-3 impulse discharges were used for surgery.RESULTS:From as early as the first week, a whole 360° angle widening were evident in the patients, thus showing the success of Nd:Yag laser iridotomy in solving relative pupil block. The angle remained narrow by 270° in 14 eyes only, despite repetitions of further treatment with laser iridotomy in a different part of the iris, twice in 10 eyes and three times in 4 eyes.CONCLUSION:Nd:Yag laser iridotomy revealed itself as being a safe and effective treatment in widening those critical Shaffer-Etienne grade 1 and 2 potentially occludable angles.     

半导体激光联合YAG激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼

目的:探讨半导体激光联合YAG激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼疗效。方法:对89例110眼闭角型青光眼行半导体激光联合YAG激光周边虹膜切除术。结果:激光孔通畅100%,治愈98眼,好转8眼,无效4眼,总有效率96.4%。术前术后平均视力无明显变化。术后1wk眼压0.93～2.67(平均1.87)kPa。所有病例前房角均有不同程度的加宽。结论:半导体激光联合YAG激光周边虹膜切除术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼,操作简单,效果确切,并发症少,是治疗闭角型青光眼的理想术式,值得临床推广。     

Variation of techniques on the results of argon laser trabeculoplasty

Patients with uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma were treated with argon laser to the trabecular meshwork. These patients were divided into six groups. Each group of eyes had a slightly different technique of argon laser therapy. Except for one group, there was an adequate pressure lowering effect at the longest follow-up (-18 to -28%). Since the worst complication of argon laser trabeculoplasty is the immediate elevation in intraocular pressure with subsequent worsening of the field and/or disc, the immediate rise in intraocular pressure was measured and compared for each of the various techniques. In addition comparison was made when treating 180 degrees in one eye and 360 degrees in the other eye of 30 individuals having similar glaucomatous disease bilaterally. Little difference was noted between the two eyes.     

Q-switched neodymium:YAG laser iridotomy

Twenty phakic eyes of 19 patients underwent Q-switched neodymium:YAG laser iridotomies for angle-closure glaucoma. Eleven eyes were previous argon laser failures. Penetration was achieved in each case with several shots in one session. Complications were minor and transient.     

Intraocular pressure the day of argon laser trabeculoplasty in primary open-angle glaucoma

Argon laser trabeculoplasty was performed in one eye of 57 phakic patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. The eyes received a mean of 78 +/- 7 treatments over 360 degrees to the anterior trabecular meshwork. The power was titrated to produce blanching without bubble formation. Increased intraocular pressure (range +1 to +22 mmHg) occurred in 30 of the 57 (53%) eyes 1 hour after treatment. Eight (14%) of these eyes had a clinically significant elevation defined by all of three criteria: (1) an intraocular pressure greater than 30 mmHg, (2) greater than a 30% increase over the mean prelaser intraocular pressure, and (3) greater than a 10 mmHg increase over the peak prelaser diurnal intraocular pressure curve. These eight patients received either oral glycerine or acetazolamide. A rebound increase in intraocular pressure requiring repeat medical treatment occurred in four of the eight eyes. Two additional eyes without a pressure elevation 1 hour after treatment showed a later elevation. This was first detected 4 hours postoperatively in one eye and 7 hours after treatment in another eye. The 1-hour postoperative measurement detected most patients with clinically significant increased intraocular pressure (8 of 10 eyes) but these required continued observation for rebound increases. Patients with advanced glaucomatous visual field loss should also be followed closely to detect late increases in intraocular pressure (2 of 10 eyes).     

不同能量对YAG激光周边虹膜切开术后眼压的影响

目的：研究不同能量对激光虹膜周边切开术后眼压的影响。 方法：解剖学窄房角患者68例136眼行YAG激光周边虹膜切开术。记录术前眼压、术后60min眼压和术中总能量。根据总能量的百分位数,将病例分为高、中、低能量组,记录各组术后眼压升高低于5mmHg和高于5mmHg的例数。 结果：在术后眼压升高例数的比较上,低能量组与中、高能量组间有统计学差异（P<0.05）,中、高能量组间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。 结论：YAG激光周边虹膜切开术,在一定范围内术中使用总能量越低,术后眼压升高风险越低。但在总能量超过44mJ时,总能量与术后眼压升高风险无明显相关性。     

氪离子与Q-开关Nd∶YAG激光联合激光虹膜切除术的远期疗效

目的:观察氪离子激光与Q-开关Nd∶YAG激光联合应用治疗原发性闭角型青光眼的远期疗效,并与近期疗效比较。方法:对我院39例(48眼)原发性闭角型青光眼患者,采用氪离子激光与Q-开关Nd∶YAG激光联合应用的方法,行激光周边虹膜切除术。评价术后1a与7a的疗效,并进行统计学比较。结果:虹膜透切率达100.0%,一次透切成功率达97.9%。术后1a随访时发现眼压在正常水平内,且均值比术前低;术后7a随访眼压与1a无统计学差异。视力情况在术后1a不变或轻度改善,但在第2次随访时发现有5例(7眼)视力轻度下降。房角情况在术后1a也较术前略为改善,且这种改善维持到第2次随访时。至于周边前房深度,术后1a随访时明显强于术前,第2次随访时发现新出现5例患者周边前房深度变浅;视野情况术后1a与术后7a无明显变化,均发现早期青光眼视野缺损消失。结论:联合激光虹膜切除术是预防和治疗原发性闭角型青光眼临床前期的有效术式,近、远期疗效确切,是一种较为理想的术式,可在相当时期内有效预防青光眼急性发作。     

Immediate intraocular pressure response to selective laser trabeculoplasty

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Selective laser trabeculoplasty targets the pigmented trabecular meshwork cells without damage to the trabecular meshwork architecture in vitro. A study was conducted in vivo of eight eyes with uncontrolled open angle glaucoma to ascertain the immediate intraocular response to selective laser trabeculoplasty. METHODS: The trabecular meshwork of each eye was treated 360 degrees with a frequency doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Intraocular pressure was measured 1, 2, 24 hours and 1, 4, 6 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: The average preoperative intraocular pressure was 26.6 (SD 7) mm Hg (range 18-37). Two hours and 6 weeks respectively after selective trabeculoplasty intraocular pressure was reduced in all the eyes treated with an average fall of 10.6 (5.2) mm Hg or 39.9%. A pressure spike of 10 mm Hg verified in one eye 1 hour after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Selective laser trabeculoplasty decreased intraocular pressure by an amount similar to that achieved with standard trabeculoplasty. Additional study is needed to determine whether the beneficial effect is sustained over a longer period of follow up.     

激光虹膜切除术治疗早期原发性闭角型青光眼

目的评价激光虹膜切除术治疗早期原发性闭角型青光眼的疗效。方法对62例（112眼）早期原发性闭角型青光眼按不同类型分为3组，分别行激光虹膜切除术，观察术前及术后1h、1周、3月的眼压、前房深度、前房角等变化情况。结果所有病例治疗后中央及周边前房深度都有不同程度加深。暗室试验阳性组治疗后平均眼压（13．71±2．29）mmHg。且房角未出现关闭。原发性急性闭角型青光眼组治疗后平均眼压（14．69±2．43）mmHg，11．9％的眼出现了15。以内的房角关闭。原发性慢性闭角型青光眼组治疗后平均眼压（23．18±5．66）mmHg，房角关闭增加15。以内5只眼，增加300。600的3眼，共占50．00％。结论激光虹膜切除术是预防和治疗早期闭角型青光眼，保护视功能的一种有效手段。但由于慢性闭角型青光眼发病机制复杂，应通过术前病例的合理选择及术后的密切随访，有效控制术后病情的发展。     

Anterior segment morphology after laser iridotomy in primary angle closure suspects

Purpose

To evaluate and compare the changes in anterior segment parameters in primary angle closure suspects before and after laser peripheral iridotomy and intrasession repeatability of measurements before laser iridotomy as assessed by Scheimpflug‐Placido disc topographer.

Methods

Before laser iridotomy, 56 eyes of 56 primary angle closure suspect patients underwent anterior segment analysis with the Sirius Scheimpflug‐Placido disc topographer system using glaucoma analysis mode, which was repeated a week after iridotomy. Anterior segment parameters such as central anterior chamber depth, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber volume and iridocorneal angle were analysed before and after laser iridotomy and compared with paired t‐test. Three consecutive scans were obtained to assess the intrasession repeatability of measurements before iridotomy by a single examiner and intraclass correlation co‐efficient was calculated. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictors associated with iridocorneal angle narrowing.

Results

Intraclass correlation co‐efficient values ranged from 0.982 for anterior chamber volume to 0.998 for the iridocorneal angle. After laser iridotomy, mean central anterior chamber depth increased from 2.14 ± 0.29 mm to 2.21 ± 0.28 mm (p = 0.04), mean anterior chamber volume increased from 96.2 ± 16.98 mm³ to 98.14 ± 15.87 mm³ (p < 0.0001) and mean iridocorneal angle widened from 33.38 ± 3.96° to 34.82 ± 4.27° (p = 0.01), compared with pre‐iridotomy status. There was no change in central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure or pupil diameter. Multivariate regression analysis model showed that at one week after iridotomy, iridocorneal angle opening was positively correlated with age (β = 0.773, p = 0.005) and anterior chamber volume (β = 1.308, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Laser peripheral iridotomy induces significant changes in the 3‐D anterior segment morphology in primary angle closure suspect patients. The Scheimpflug‐Placido disc topographer provides reproducible measurements of the iridocorneal angle and other parameters measured and hence, may become clinically useful for non‐invasive detection of potentially occludable angles. Predictors of iridocorneal angle widening after iridotomy were older age and anterior chamber volume.

     

眼压降低后原发性慢性青光眼视野的变化

目的了解原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）和原发性慢性闭角型青光眼（PACG）在眼压降低后视野是否发生改变及相关因素分析。方法原发性慢性青光眼32例（44眼）,其中PACG19例（25眼）,POAG13例（19眼）。眼压治疗前及治疗后1个月全部患者均行Humphrey静态自动视野（HFA）24-2全阈值视野检查。比较眼压降低前后视野平均缺损（MD）、模式标准差（PSD）的变化,分析眼压降低幅度、年龄及视神经杯盘比与视野MD改变是否相关。结果治疗前MD为-13．58±9．31,治疗后MD为-12．08±8．37,治疗前后MD比较差异有统计学意义（t=3．35,P=0．002）;治疗前后MD差值与眼压降低幅度呈正相关（r=0．341,P=0．027）。协方差分析结果表明,校正年龄和HRT的杯盘面积比后,治疗前后视野MD的改变与眼压降低幅度呈正相关（F=4．706,P=0．037）。结论原发性慢性青光眼眼压降低后视野有所改善,视野改善的程度与降压幅度有关。     

激光周边虹膜切除术后的原发性房角关闭进展为青光眼的相关因素

目的：研究原发性房角关闭(PAC)患者激光周边虹膜切除术(LPI)后进展成青光眼(PACG)的相关因素。

方法：采用前瞻性研究,收集2017-01/12我院就诊的符合纳入标准PAC患者86例86眼,其中随访2a以上、有5次以上的可靠视野的LPI后PAC患者65例65眼,平均随访时间为2.65±0.27a,根据是否出现视野缺损和相应的青光眼性视神经损害分为进展组与未进展组,记录进展为PACG的情况,并对其相关因素进行分析

结果：LPI后PAC患者65眼中9眼(14%)进展成青光眼。进展组年龄(68.67±7.03岁)、随访眼压波动(10.11±4.17mmHg)与未进展组(61.95±8.03岁,5.54±2.73mmHg)有差异(均P<0.05),进展组的垂直杯盘比(VCDR)≥0.6、粘连性房角关闭(PAS)≥1个象限、PAS范围合并贴附性房角关闭>2个象限进展率显著高于未进展组(均P<0.05)。PAC患者LPI后进展成PACG与患者的年龄、随访眼压波动、VCDR≥0.6、PAS≥1个象限、PAS范围合并贴附性房角关闭>2个象限呈显著正相关(r_s=0.304、0.396、0.495、0.268、0.309)。

结论：PAS≥1个象限和PAS范围合并贴附性房角关闭>2个象限、VCDR≥0.6、高龄、随访眼压波动大与LPI后PAC患者进展成PACG相关。     

超声乳化治疗早期闭角型青光眼是否联合周边虹膜切除术的研究

目的:探讨白内障超声乳化并人工晶状体植入术治疗闭角型青光眼临床前期或先兆期患者术中是否需要联合周边虹膜切除术。方法:40例40眼原发性闭角型青光眼临床前期或先兆期病例,术前随机分成A组(白内障超声乳化+人工晶状体植入)和B组(白内障超声乳化+人工晶状体植入+周边虹膜切除术),对比两组术后视力、眼压、前房深度、Scheie前房角分级进行统计分析。结果:两组病例都未发生黄斑囊样水肿、驱逐性大出血等并发症。1例联合周边虹膜切除的患者出现前房积血,对症治疗后出血吸收。两组病例术后视力较术前提高,术后两组视力、眼压、前房深度、Scheie前房角分级比较差异无显著性。结论:闭角型青光眼临床前期、先兆期采用白内障超声乳化摘除晶状体,可有效预防青光眼的急性发作,并显著提高患者的视力,术中不需要另行周边虹膜切除术。     

Foveal photocoagulation from laser iridotomy

Acute and permanent loss of vision has resulted from foveal photocoagulation during argon laser iridotomy. This complication can occur when the laser beam passes through the iridotomy nearly parallel to the visual axis. This is most likely to happen during enlargement of the iridotomy. A retinal burn of the macular region through a peripheral iridotomy was produced experimentally, and the mechanism of this complication is explained.     

Lipid accumulation and protein modifications of Bruch’s membrane in age-related macular degeneration

AIM: To investigate the association of axial length (AL), lens thickness (LT) and lens vault (LV) with postoperative anterior chamber angle metrics after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). METHODS: Prospective observational study of 69 patients (97 eyes) were diagnosed as primary angle closure suspect (PACS), primary angle closure (PAC) or primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). AL, LT, central anterior depth (ACD), angle opening distance (AOD), trabecular iris angle (TIA), and angle recess area (ARA) were measured before and 1wk after LPI. The association between AL, LT, LV with ACD, AOD, TIA, ARA were analyzed by comparing the differences between preoperative and postoperative measurements for anterior segment biometric parameters. RESULTIS: ACD, AOD, TIA, and ARA were significantly increased after LPI (P<0.05). Greater LT was significantly associated with greater postoperative increases in ACD, AOD, TIA, and ARA (all P＜0.05). AL was not significantly associated with changes of anterior segment biometric parameters. Greater LV was significantly associated with greater postoperative increases in ACD, AOD, and TIA (all P＜0.05), but was not significantly associated with changes of ARA. CONCLUSION: Greater baseline LT and LV measurements are associated with greater increases in anterior segment biometric parameters after laser peripheral iridotomy. AL are not associated with the change of anterior segment biometric parameters.     

前房穿刺术联合激光周边虹膜切除术治疗急性原发性闭角型青光眼

目的 评价前房穿刺术联合激光周边虹膜切除术(laser peripheral iridotomy,LPI)治疗急性原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG)的效果.方法 回顾性分析北京同仁医院2007年11月至2009年5月就诊的急性PACG患者16例(16眼),就诊时眼压≥50 mmHg(1 kPa =7.5 mmHg),均及时行前房穿刺术,并于术后12h内行LPI.用压平眼压计测量并记录前房穿刺术前、术后30 min、2h,LPI术前、术后24 h、7d、1个月、6个月和1 a的眼压,同时记录患者术后角膜水肿及瞳孔情况.结果 16例PACG患者随诊1 a,前房穿刺术后眼压由术前(63.13±7.94) mmHg降至术后30 min(15.47±7.67)mmHg,LPI术前眼压为(15.56±6.93) mmHg,LPI术后24 h眼压为(18.81±7.24) mmHg,其中14例患者术后1 a眼压为(12.79±1.72) mmHg,另2例患者因高眼压控制不良再行小梁切除术.LPI术后患者角膜水肿明显减轻,LPI术前瞳孔明显缩小,为(1.94±1.09)mm,有利于LPI的进行.结论 作为一种可行治疗方法,前房穿刺术联合LPI可安全有效地降低急性PACG患者眼压.     

Malignant glaucoma following laser iridotomy

Background: A 69-year-old man presented with malignant glaucoma 10 days after an iridotomy for acute angle-closure glaucoma.
Methods: The case notes are reviewed, describing his presentation and treatment, including the technique of extracapsular cataract extraction with anterior vitrectomy.
Results: An excellent visual outcome was achieved with no recurrence of the malignant glaucoma.
Conclusions: This case illustrates the recently established link between laser iridotomy and malignant glaucoma. Miotics and other possible causes are excluded, a surgical option is described and the importance of assessing central anterior chamber depth in cases of angle closure is emphasised.     

超声乳化白内障吸出和IOL植入术治疗激光周边虹膜切除术后急性闭角型青光眼(英文)

目的:观察超声乳化白内障吸出术联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入治疗激光周边虹膜切除术后闭角型青光眼的治疗效果。方法:激光周边虹膜切除术后闭角型青光眼并白内障患者39例(39眼),被分为两组,Ⅰ组须用抗青光眼药控制眼压,Ⅱ组不须用抗青光眼药控制眼压,患者均行超声乳化白内障吸出和折叠式人工晶状体植入术,术后随访3mo。结果:两组术后最佳矫正视力均较术前显著提高(P<0.05)。术后3moⅠ组眼压为15.72±3.02mmHg,Ⅱ组为16.30±3.81mmHg,两组眼压均比术前明显下降,有显著性差别(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组中央前房深度由术前1.64±0.45mm加深至术后3mo的3.21±0.41mm,Ⅱ组中央前房深度由术前1.92±0.52mm加深至术后3mo的3.18±0.39mm,两组术后中央前房深度均比术前明显加深,有显著性差异(P<0.05),前房角明显增宽。结论:超声乳化白内障吸出和人工晶状体(IOL)植入术不仅能提高激光周边虹膜切除术后青光眼视力,而且可彻底解除闭角型青光眼的瞳孔阻滞。     

Nd:YAG激光周边虹膜切开术治疗药物难控制性PACG发作期的疗效

目的:观察Nd∶YAG激光周边虹膜切开术(LPI)治疗药物难控制性原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)急性发作期患者的疗效。方法:采用前瞻性研究,纳入襄阳市第一人民医院眼科2019-05/2020-06收治的药物难控制性PACG急性发作期患者20例22眼,所有受试对象均行LPI治疗,术前和术后检查患者视力、眼压、房角关闭范围、前房角角度(ACA)、前房容积(ACV)、中央前房深度(CACD)、周边前房深度(PACD)以及并发症。结果:受试对象均可实施LPI。术前房角关闭范围均>180°,术后房角关闭范围≤180°有9眼(41%);21眼(95%)术后眼压与术前相比明显降低(P<0.05);术后前房参数除CACD无明显变化(P>0.05),ACA、ACV、PACD均较术前增加(P<0.05)。术中15眼(68%)发生虹膜小瀑布样或丝样出血,5眼(23%)出现角膜上皮层损伤。结论:LPI在药物难控制性PACG急性发作期可以实施,安全性高,能有效降低眼压,缓解症状,疗效显著。