苦参对蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫作用及其机理初步研究

目的研究苦参对蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫的作用及其机理. 方法用苦参作用蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫滋养体,观察滋养体脱壁及死亡情况,并用光镜和透射电镜观察其形态和内部结构的变化. 结果在作用 6、8和24 h后,滋养体脱壁率分别为47.4%、70.9%和80.2%,死亡率为 24.5%、36.1%和54.2%;形态观察可见,苦参作用的滋养体收缩,胞质内容物减少,吸盘部分脱离胞体,有的滋养体部分胞膜内陷. 结论苦参在体外能引起滋养体脱壁、死亡,其抗虫作用是肯定的,吸盘脱离、质膜凹陷及胞质减少等,这可能是其对贾第虫作用机理所在.     

单克隆抗体抗贾第虫作用的研究

应用体外纯培养的贾第虫滋养体免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠和常规杂交瘤细胞技术，制备特异的抗贾第虫单克隆抗体（１Ｅ２，１Ｇ５），以其与贾第虫滋养体相互作用，均发现具有明显的抗贾第虫效果，生长抑制率分别为３５％和６３．４％；将此单抗加入正常培养液中，其含量与抑制率呈现明显的剂量反应关系，相关系数分别为０．９７６４和０．８９８７；单抗经滋养体吸收后，对贾第虫的生长抑制作用消失；经补体灭活前后的豚鼠血清对单抗的抑制作用无影响。     

丙硫咪唑治疗贾第虫感染疗效观察

将307例贾第虫感染者分成4个组:即丙硫咪唑10mg/kg/d·3组98例,丙硫咪唑20mg/kg/d·3组105例,甲硝唑20rag/kg/d·3组59例和暂缓治疗组45例。前三组治后1周的近期包囊阴转率分别为91.8％、93.3％和94.9％,三组间比较差异不显著(P均>0.05);治后4周的远期包囊阴转率分别为85.7％、94.3％和96.6％,除B与C组差异不显著外(p>0.05),其余组间差异均显著(P均<0.05)。暂缓治疗组间隔1和4周复查包囊自然阴转率分别仅为4.4％和11.1％。分别与前三组比较差异均极显著(P均<0.01)。结果说明,丙硫咪唑治疗人体贾第虫感染有良好效果,尤以20mg/kg/d·3的疗效为佳。副作用轻微短暂。     

THE EFFECT OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA INFESTATION ON THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT

Five patients with Giardia Iamblia infestation are presented, all of whom showed evidence of malabsorption. Marked mucosal damage, found in two cases, was reversible within four weeks of commencement of mepacrine therapy. One patient, who failed to respond to this therapy, was treated successfully with a course of metronidazole. The pathogenesis of malabsorption in Giardia Iamblia infestation is discussed. It is suggested that the malabsorption results from mucosal damage consequent on a “toxic effect” exerted by the organism. Giardia Iamblia infestation is common in Australia. A careful search for the parasite is recommended in patients who have experienced abdominal pain and diarrh?a, particularly where there is evidence of malabsorption.     

犬贾第虫包囊排出规律的研究

目的：对自然感染贾第虫的比格犬进行粪检调查,结果表明犬贾第虫包囊排出呈间歇性,其间歇期为7－8天,排囊后12－14天达到排囊高峰期,峰期持续2－3天,排囊持续时间为25－27天。用2只幼犬进行免疫的抑制接种犬贾第虫,接种后第7天出现排包囊,排囊后6－7天达到排囊高峰期,高峰期持续4－5天。受染动物出现腹泻,体重减轻。     

五种中药杀灭溶组织内阿米巴滋养体体外实验研究

本文采用５种中药煎剂进行了杀灭溶组织内阿米巴滋养体之体外实验研究，经初筛和复筛发现白头翁和青蒿效果最好，蛇床子次之，为进一步开发中药防治阿米巴病提供了基础研究资料。     

抗包虫药物的实验研究——Ⅰ.吡喹酮体外抗细粒棘球蚴原头节的作用

在20％小牛血清-RPMI1640中,吡喹酮对体外培养的细粒棘球蚴原头节有较强的杀灭作用,主要表现为外翻、皮层肿胀、泡状物形成、破裂,以及头钩排列紊乱和脱落等,24h后即出现死亡,3天内的死亡率达90％以上。吡喹酮对培养在囊液中的原头节亦有杀灭作用,但对培养在RPMI1640和HBSS中的则无。进一步观察的结果表明,吡喹酮在体外抗原头节的作用需赖于有蛋白质的存在。此外,小鼠口服吡喹酮后,其血清有抗原头节作用,主要成份为吡喹酮原药。     

贾第虫纯培养的建立

从腹泻患儿新鲜粪便内,浓集、纯化贾第虫包囊。用生理盐水制成悬液,感染长爪沙鼠(Meriones unguiculatus)乳鼠。接种后第8d将受染鼠处死。用无菌术从上段小肠分离滋养体,接种于改良TYI-S-33培养基内,于37℃培养。培养后第14d,生长旺盛的虫体在培养管壁内面形成密集的细胞单层。生长高峰期和倍增时间分别在培养后的第120和15±2h。各批虫体经液氮冷冻复苏后,虫体复活率为53～80％。复苏虫体生长良好。本纯培养已维持9月余,传代100多次。     

THE EFFECTS OF DITHIOTHREITOL ON THYROID STIMULATION IN VITRO

There is evidence that the porcine TSH receptor contains essential disulphide bridge(s) which can be disrupted by dithiothreitol (DTT). The aim of the present study was to determine whether exposure of intact thyroid cells to DTT leads to altered thyroid stimulation. TSH-stimulated iodine organification in cultured porcine thyroid cells was studied following short-term DTT exposure; a dose-dependent inhibition was observed with DTT but not oxidized DTT. Cell viability, follicle formation, and total protein synthesis were preserved. A minimum of 30 min incubation with DTT was required for inhibition. However, under identical conditions, DTT had no effect on TSH or forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP (cAMP) production. These results suggest that DTT inhibition of organification is mediated by post-receptor mechanisms likely involving thyroid peroxidase. The effects of DTT on thyroid stimulation in vitro does not appear to involve disruption of the disulphide bridge(s) in the TSH receptor.     

贾第虫表面变异抗原基因的克隆与序列测定

目的 :对比分析编码 90 k Da的表面变异蛋白 ( VSP)基因与已发表的其它 VSP基因。方法 :应用聚合酶链反应 ( PCR)技术、PCR产物的克隆技术和插入基因片段的序列测定。结果 :从贾第虫 0 2 - 4 A1基因组中将编码 90 k Da的表面变异蛋白几乎全长的基因调出 ,经序列分析 ,此基因长度为 2 0 19bp,编码 654个氨基酸 ,具有一个开放阅读框架。推导出的氨基酸序列的半脱氨酸含量丰富 ( 11.8mol% ) ,而且多数的半脱氨酸以 CXXC基序重复出现 2 6次。苏氨酸含量为 11.3mol% ,甘氨酸为 10 .9mol% ,丙氨酸为 10 .1mol%。序列分析发现有 2个天冬酰氨连接的糖基位点。结论 :象其他 VSPs一样 ,CRISP90具有一个高度保守疏水性 C末端。经同源性比较发现 ,与 CRP72有 56%的同源性。这一结果对研究贾第虫株的表面变异抗原基因的表达具有一定的意义。     

双氢青蒿素对杜氏利什曼原虫前鞭毛体作用体外实验研究

观察双氢青蒿素在不同浓度、不同时间对杜氏利什曼原虫（Ｌ．ｄ）汶川株及Ｌ．ｄ山东株前鞭毛体的体外作用。采用镜下观察及胸腺嘧啶核苷（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）掺入试验。结果：（１）镜下观察：实验组３个不同浓度（１４．１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、７．１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、３．５３×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的药物作用４８ｈ后,培养基颜色未变（红）,虫体活动变慢以至几乎不动,虫数减少,抑制率升高（Ｌ．ｄ汶川株的抑制率由７３％升至８６％,Ｌ．ｄ山东株由６９．４％升至９７．５％）,染色后见虫体变形,核、动基体不完整,胞质内出现多个空泡,鞭毛脱落。对照组的培养基颜色变黄,虫体活跃,大部分呈长梭形,并排成菊花状。染色后虫体呈长梭形,核、动基体、鞭毛、胞膜完整、清晰。（２）３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入试验：双氢青蒿素在３．５３×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ２４ｈ即对两株有抑制作用（Ｌ．ｄ汶川株抑制率６５．８％,山东株为９３．４％）。但随着药物浓度的升高,作用时间的延长,抑制作用没有明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。对Ｌ．ｄ山东株的抑制作用较Ｌ．ｄ汶川株为强。本文为首次报道双氢青蒿素对杜氏利什曼原虫具有较强的体外抑制作用。     

IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF METOCLOPRAMIDE ON ALDOSTERONE SECRETION

Metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist drug, elevated plasma aldosterone and prolactin levels without significantly affecting plasma renin activity, ACTH or potassium. Studies with isolated perfused rat zona glomerulosa cells showed that metoclopramide could directly stimulate aldosterone release and that this action was blocked by dopamine. These results suggest that dopamine may play an important inhibitory role in the control of aldosterone secretion.     

中草药体外抗阴道毛滴虫试验及临床应用研究

目的筛选用于治疗滴虫性阴道炎的中草药.方法选择具有杀虫、消炎作用的11种中草药进行体外抗阴道毛滴虫试验,对有效药物交叉配伍组成复方,分别进行体外试验和临床应用.结果体外试验表明常山、花椒、仙鹤草、白头翁、青蒿有较好的杀虫效果,常山+花椒和白头翁+青蒿两复方临床应用效果最好.结论常山、花椒和白头翁、青蒿两复方可较好的用于治疗滴虫性阴道炎.     

血吸虫感染新模型兔血清对童虫的体外杀伤实验

目的　在已建立的一种血吸虫感染伴随免疫新模型的基础上 ,观察该模型兔血清对童虫的体外杀伤作用 ,探讨该血清抗体在抗日本血吸虫感染保护性免疫中的作用。　方法　用倒置显微镜观察并比较不同稀释度的日本血吸虫感染伴随免疫新模型兔血清 (A血清 )与日本血吸虫感染常规模型兔血清 (B血清 )对体外培养童虫的杀伤作用 ,并经甲基蓝染色后计算童虫死亡率。　结果　对体外童虫的杀伤作用 ,新模型兔血清随浓度的降低而逐渐减弱 ,血清浓度越低 ,童虫死亡率亦越低。但常规模型兔血清随浓度的降低则呈现先上升后下降的趋势 ,以 1/ 10左右稀释度时最高。比较A、B两种血清对童虫的杀伤作用 ,前者强于后者 ,1/ 2血清稀释度培养 48h观察到的童虫死亡率分别为 (4 1.2 3±1.0 8) %和 (2 7.2 7± 2 .86) % (P <0 .0 5 ) ;先加入后者 4h后再加入前者能部分抑制前者的杀童虫作用 ,童虫死亡率为(3 7.63± 2 .3 3 ) % ,介于两者之间。常规模型血清组部分童虫体表出现膜状或泡状物质包绕 ,但童虫却未受到明显杀伤。结论　日本血吸虫感染伴随免疫新模型兔血清在体外对童虫的杀伤作用强于常规模型兔血清 ,推测前者可能以杀伤抗体占优势 ;而后者可能以封闭抗体占优势。     

吡喹酮对体外细粒棘球绦虫原头节作用机理的初步探讨

细粒棘球绦虫原虫节受浓度为0.05～1μg/ml的吡喹酮作用后,其皮层即出现肿胀、空泡,严重者还发生破裂,脱落并暴露肌层或实质组织;部分细胞显示核浓缩,溶解及崩裂。该药还能迅速引起原头节体内糖原含量的减少以及AKP和ATP酶活力的减弱,但对虫体核酸及蛋白质的作用则发生较慢或影响较小。初步认为吡喹酮的体外杀虫作用主要是通过药物破坏原头节的皮层并抑制虫体的糖代谢而实现的。     

STUDIES OF THE EFFECTS OF SALICYLATE IN HYPERTHYROIDISM

Previous studies in rats have shown that salicylate depresses thyroid function by causing a fall in TSH secretion from the pituitary. This fall in TSH secretion has been correlated with a rise in free thyroxine (T₄) level due to displacement by salicylate from thyroxine-binding proteins in the plasma. There is evidence of similar changes following administration of salicylate to man. In view of these findings, the effects of salicylate have now been studied in hyperthyroidism. Consistent depression of the plasma P.B.I. level was noted in 12 hyperthyroid subjects given 6 grammes of salicylate per day for four days. However, there was no improvement in clinical status. A rise in metabolic rate was observed. There was also a rise in free T₄ (demonstrated with the dialysis procedure of Christensen). This increase in free T₄ was correlated with displacement of T₄ from thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA). The isomer p-hydroxybenzoate was without effect on free T₄ and TBPA. There was a significant depression of three-hour uptake of radioiodine after salicylate administration (5 grammes per day for 48 hours), but no consistent effect on 24-hour uptake. The depression in uptake occurred in the presence or absence of long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS). A slowing of secretion rate was noted in three of nine hyperthyroid subjects studied after therapeutic doses of ¹³¹I. LATS was demonstrated in one of these three subjects. The significance of these findings is discussed. The persistence of clinical hyperthyroidism has been shown to be correlated with a rise in free T₄ level, in spite of a fall in the plasma P.B.I. (total T₄) concentration. This finding indicates that the free T₄ level determines the clinical state of the patient. The reason for the fall in uptake of radioiodine and slowing of secretion rate is uncertain. The possibility of salicylate affecting the action of LATS on the thyroid gland is suggested.     

肾综合征出血热病毒对体外培养人血管内皮细胞形态和ATP酶活性的影响

目的 为研究肾综合征出血热（HFRS）病毒致病株和非致病汉坦病毒株（PHV）对血管内皮细胞（HEC）形态和ATP酶活性的影响。方法 采用化学酶法测定血管内皮细胞总ATP酶、细胞膜Na^ -K^ -ATP酶、线粒体Mg2^＋-ATP酶的;光镜和电子显微镜对细胞的形态改变进行动态观察。结果 HFRS病毒致病株（A9）感染早期HEC的3种酶活性下降不甚明显,中晚期下隆明显（P＜0.05）,相应的细胞超微结构也出现一定程度的改变;非致病不坦病毒株（PHV）对ATP酶活性及超微结构未见明显改变。结论 HFRS病毒致病株感染后HEC的ATP酶活性下降及超微结构变化可能是HFRS患者血管通透性增加、血浆外渗的原因之一。     

一氧化氮吸入对支气管哮喘疗效的初步观察

为了进一步了解一氧化氮（ＮＯ）吸入对支气管哮喘患者的治疗作用，兹选择中度支气管哮喘急性发作期的患者１０例，使用４０ｐｐｍ浓度的ＮＯ吸入２０分钟，在停止吸入后即刻进行临床和肺功能评价。结果发现，所有病人临床症状和肺部哮喘音均有不同程度好转。１秒钟用力呼气容积（ＦＥＶ＿１）、最大呼气流速（ＰＥＦ）改善均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。为了观察ＮＯ持续作用时间，１０例中各有５例分别在停止吸入ＮＯ２０分钟和２４小时后，重复测定上述肺功能参数，ＦＥＶ＿１及ＰＥＦ值均有增加。但因例数过少，尚难得出结论。本观察结果提示：低浓度ＮＯ吸入似可作为治疗支气管哮喘的一种方法。