Self‐Reported Acne Severity,Treatment, and Belief Patterns across Multiple Racial and Ethnic Groups in Adolescent Students

Abstract: Acne vulgaris is a common condition among adolescents regardless of age, gender, and race. We compare the frequency, severity, help‐seeking behavior, treatment, and beliefs about acne among students based on race, ethnicity, gender, and age. Anonymous surveys were administered to 1,214 students aged 10–19 years of varied gender, race, and ethnicity in public middle and high schools in New Jersey. Results showed the frequency and severity of acne were high (76% and 65%, respectively) and more prevalent in white compared to non‐white respondents (RR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04–1.24 and RR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.09–1.37, respectively), and also in older compared to younger ages (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.17–1.32 and RR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.32–1.55, respectively). The majority of respondents (83%) reported never having seen a physician for their acne; however, those reporting acne of some severity were more likely to have seen a physician compared with those who did not report acne (21% vs. 8%, p < 0.001). Blacks who reported mild or moderate severity of acne were more likely to have seen a health professional compared to white respondents with same the acne severity (RR = 3.63, 95% CI = 2.06–6.37 and RR = 3.06, 95% CI = 2.02–4.65, respectively). Conversely, Hispanic respondents with mild or moderate acne were less likely to have seen a health professional compared to whites with the same acne severity (RR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35–0.89 and RR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.26–0.86, respectively). Beliefs about external factors affecting acne also varied by race and ethnicity. In conclusion, the severity, frequency, and beliefs about acne all play a role in help‐seeking behaviors, which vary to a significant extent by race and ethnicity.     

Attitudes of Female Patients Regarding Oral Contraceptives for Treatment of Acne

apd: 23 November 2001     

Psychodermatologic Effects of Atopic Dermatitis and Acne: A Review on Self‐Esteem and Identity

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and acne vulgaris are among the most‐prevalent skin diseases in children. Both have been well documented in the literature to have significant negative effects on quality of life. Herein, we discuss the results of a comprehensive literature review aimed at assessing the impact of acne and AD on self‐esteem and identity. We highlight clinical tools for their assessment and offer coping strategies for patients and families. Multiple factors including relationships with parents and classmates, sports participation, and the sex of the patient contribute to the development of self‐esteem and identity in individuals with AD and acne. Atopic dermatitis was found to have significant behavioral effects on children, ultimately resulting in a lack of opportunity to develop proper coping. AD had a more‐prominent role in identity formation and gender roles in girls. Acne vulgaris was found to have a more direct effect on self‐esteem, self‐confidence and identity, especially in girls. The Cutaneous Body Image Scale is reviewed and offered as an easy and reliable tool to evaluate a patient's mental perception of the appearance of their skin. Coping strategies that may be offered to patients and families include empowerment and cognitive adaptation.     

某医学院校女性痤疮患者治疗及相关因素的分析

目的了解女性痤疮患者寻求治疗是否与年龄、生活质量、病程、严重程度等可能因素的相关性。方法随机选择某医学院校2849名女大学生,调查痤疮的患病情况,并采用Cardiff痤疮伤残问卷对生活质量进行评估,及自行设计问卷调查其寻求治疗的情况。结果在女大学生中痤疮的患病率为44.75%;但在最初的寻求治疗者中只有2.04%选择寻求皮肤科医生的指导;寻求治疗的患者中39.58%是自行决定,未寻求治疗的患者中50.28%认为病情轻,不需要治疗。多元回归分析显示:生活质量、自评严重程度以及年龄与患者是否寻求治疗呈正相关。结论痤疮在年轻女性中有较高的患病率,但仅有少数患者寻求治疗。有必要在大学生中进行相应的健康教育。     

光疗法与痤疮治疗

光通过卟啉灭活痤疮棒状杆菌,成为痤疮治疗的常用疗法。随着光疗法的普及和应用,在作用机制、临床治疗及安全性上有了更进一步的认识和发展,文章综述可见光、激光、光动力等光疗法治疗痤疮的研究进展,为临床提供理论与实践依据。     

Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne in Childhood

Abstract: Acne occurs more frequently in newborns and infants than one would gather from written accounts. Acne neonatorum tends to be overlooked because it is usually minor and transient. In contrast, acne infantum, which generally does not make its appearance until after 3 months of life, is more serious. Even acne conglobata may develop in infants. There are many other types of acne in childhood reflecting different pathogenetic mechanisms; included in this group are acne venenata infantum, steroid acne, hormonal disturbances, and toxic reactions.     

激光射频疗法治疗痤疮

痤疮是困扰青春期男女的一种常见病和多发病,治疗方法多种多样。近年来,一些新的治疗技术,如激光、宽带光源及射频仪器已开始用于治疗痤疮,本文将就这些新的治疗方法及其机制进行综述。     

Hypertrichosis Cubiti: Another Case of a Well‐Recognized but Under‐Reported Entity

Abstract: Hypertrichosis cubiti, also named hairy elbows syndrome, is an uncommon variety of congenital, circumscribed hypertrichosis with a remarkable amount of long vellous hair localized on the extensor surfaces of the upper extremities. It may appear both as a familial or sporadic form. In most patients, it is not associated with any other physical anomalies, although short stature and other development disorders have been described. We report a case occurring sporadically in a 5‐year‐old girl without associated abnormalities, and with a negative family history.     

10～18岁青少年痤疮患病率及影响因素

目的评估10～18岁青少年痤疮的流行现状及其相关危险因素。方法采用横断面问卷调查方法,对调查者逐一检查并以问卷的方式收集流行病学资料,用SPSS11．0软件进行资料统计分析。结果10～18岁年龄组痤疮患病率为53．5%,其中男54．9%,女51．6%,炎性痤疮患病率为25．8%,痤疮及炎性痤疮随年龄逐年增加。痤疮后瘢痕发生率为7．1%,12岁年龄组瘢痕发生率为0．5%,其后瘢痕发生率逐年增加。多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、睡眠时间少、涂化妆品、中性皮肤、油性皮肤、混合型皮肤等6项为危险因素,检验显示挤捏皮疹为痤疮后瘢痕的危险因素。结论12岁年龄组开始出现瘢痕,挤捏皮疹是造成痤疮后瘢痕的危险因素。提示应重视青少年痤疮的防治,干预的时机应在11～12年龄组。     

Acne infantum as presenting symptom of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11‐beta‐hydroxylase deficiency

Infantile acne is a rare condition which usually begins after the third month of life and appears mainly on the cheeks. Spontaneous healing typically occurs within 2 years. A 2‐year‐old boy developed acne infantum during the first days after birth; it failed to respond to topical treatment. Detailed physical examination and endocrinologic evaluation confirmed the presumed diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and showed it was caused by 11‐beta‐hydroxylase deficiency. CAH comprises a group of autosomal‐recessively inherited disorders. These hereditary enzyme defects in steroid biosynthesis cause glucocorticoid deficiency and an overproduction of biosynthetic precursor steroids. Adrenal androgen biosynthesis is not impaired but shows a massive reactive overproduction due to the increased ACTH secretion within the up‐regulated hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal system. The characteristic features of CAH in male infants are demonstrated on the basis of this case report.     

Acne and social media: A cross‐sectional study of content quality on TikTok

Our objective was to assess the quality of acne‐related medical information present on TikTok, the world's fastest growing social media platform. We queried the TikTok mobile application for videos tagged with “#acne” on May 1, 2020, and assessed the top 100 videos meeting inclusion criteria for content quality using DISCERN, a validated and reliable instrument for evaluating consumer health information. The mean content quality rating of videos was 2.03 (SD 0.47) which, according to the DISCERN instrument, indicates information with serious to potentially important shortcomings. Dermatologists should be aware that adolescents are using TikTok to gather acne‐related information, and should prioritize acne education in this patient demographic due to the generally low content quality of such information.     

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Elementary School Students Regarding Sun Exposure and Skin Cancer

Abstract:  The aim of this study was to assess baseline knowledge of skin cancer, sun protection practices, and perceptions of tanning among third through fifth grade elementary students in Florida. A total of 4,002 students in nineteen elementary schools in Palm Beach County, Florida were surveyed. SunSmart America ™ curriculum pretest responses were the main outcome measures. Overall students' knowledge using a students' mean knowledge scale scores of skin cancer and sun protection were low (<40% of questions answered correctly) and was found to increase with increasing grade level (p < 0.01). Boys more frequently reported spending greater than 2 hours in the sun when compared with girls (p < 0.01). Girls, however, were more likely to try and get a tan most of the time or always when compared with boys (p = 0.02). Non-Hispanic White students (51.3%) more frequently reported use of SPF 15 or greater sunscreen most of the time or always compared with Hispanic (35.3%) and non-Hispanic Black (13.4%) students (p < 0.01). Elementary aged students in south Florida have limited knowledge about sun safety, despite spending considerable amount of time in the sun. Sun safe behavior is associated with gender and ethnicity. The findings provide empirical support for the need of a school-based educational intervention.     

Self‐initiated use of topical cannabidiol oil for epidermolysis bullosa

Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare blistering skin disorder that is challenging to manage because skin fragility and repeated wound healing cause itching, pain, limited mobility, and recurrent infections. Cannabidiol, an active cannabinoid found in cannabis, is postulated to have antiinflammatory and analgesic effects. We report 3 cases of self‐initiated topical cannabidiol use in patients with epidermolysis bullosa in an observational study. One patient was weaned completely off oral opioid analgesics. All 3 reported faster wound healing, less blistering, and amelioration of pain with cannabidiol use. Although these results demonstrate promise, further randomized, double‐blind clinical trials are necessary to provide scientific evidence of our observed benefits of cannabidiol for the treatment of epidermolysis bullosa.