574例斑秃患者生活质量及影响因素分析

目的: 评价影响斑秃患者生活质量的相关因素.方法: 采用皮肤病生活质量指数(dermatology life quality index,DLQI)量表,对574例斑秃患者进行调查评估.结果: 574例患者中,38.7%生活质量中重度受损;年龄、初发年龄、病程、复发、局部症状、指甲累及和斑秃类型与DLQI评分相关.结论: 在斑秃临床治疗中应关注心理精神问题.     

Comparison of quality of life in patients with androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata

Background:Androgenetic alopecia is one of the most common forms of hair loss. Alopecia areata is a common autoimmune disorder which causes hair loss. It has been previously reported that both alopecia disorders can have negative effects on quality of life. However, only a few studies have compared the effects of the two disorders.Objective:The aim is to show the impact of alopecia on patients’ quality of life and compare patients with androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata.Methods:82 androgenetic alopecia and 56 alopecia areata patients were recruited. All patients were evaluated with the Hairdex scale and dermatology quality of life instrument in Turkish (TQL), and the scores were statistically compared according to age, sex, employment and education status, and severity of illness in the two groups. Also, female patients were statistically evaluated according to whether they wore headscarves.Results:Androgenetic alopecia patients had significantly higher total Hairdex scores in terms of emotions, functioning, and symptoms, while self-confidence was significantly higher in the alopecia areata patients. No significant differences were found in stigmatization or TQL scores between groups. The Hairdex scale and TQL scores did not show differences between the groups in terms of wearing headscarves.Study limitations:The validity and reliability of the Hairdex index have not been established in Turkey.Conclusions:Based on the Hairdex scale, our findings revealed that androgenetic alopecia patients are more affected by their disorder than alopecia areata patients. Although androgenetic alopecia is common and neither life-threatening nor painful, it is a stressful disorder with increased need for improvement in the patient’s quality of life.     

JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

There have been a number of case reports and small clinical trials reporting promising outcomes of Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors tofacitinib, ruxolitinib and baricitinib for alopecia areata (AA). The majority of the literature to date is based on small volume data, with a lack of definitive evidence or guidelines. To determine the expected response of AA to JAK inhibitor therapy and factors which influence response and recurrence rates. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. From 30 studies and 289 cases, there were 72.4% responders, good responders 45.7% and partial responders 21.4%. Mean time to initial hair growth was 2.2 ± 6.7 months, and time to complete hair regrowth was 6.7 ± 2.2 months. All 37 recurrences occurred when treatment was ceased after 2.7 months. Oral route was significantly associated with response to treatment compared to topical therapy. No difference was found between paediatric and adult cases in proportion of responses. There is promising low‐quality evidence regarding the effectiveness of JAK inhibitors in AA. Future large‐sized randomized studies are required to confirm findings.     

Autoimmunity: alopecia areata

Strong direct and indirect evidence supports an autoimmune etiology for alopecia areata. T lymphocytes that have been shown to be oligoclonal and autoreactive are predominantly present in the peribulbar inflammatory infiltrate. Alopecia areata frequently occurs in association with other autoimmune diseases, such as thyroiditis and vitiligo, and autoantibodies to follicular components have been detected. Finally, the use of immune modulating drugs, including corticosteroids and contact sensitizers such as dyphencyprone, can be beneficial in the management of this disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that alopecia areata scalp skin grafted onto nude mice with severe combined immunodeficiency grow hair and that infiltrating lymphocytes in the graft are lost. It is now also possible to induce alopecia areata in human scalp explants on these mice by injecting T lymphocytes with scalp homogenate. Neuropeptides produced by cutaneous nerves are known to modify immune reactivity and, in all likelihood, affect the alopecia areata process. Future studies may show that modulation of neuropeptide expression is associated with hair regrowth. Likewise, testing the efficacy of the newly developed immunomodulatory agents in patients with alopecia areata may lead to the introduction of novel therapies for this immune-mediated disease of the hair follicle.     

Psychosocial stress and coping in alopecia areata: a questionnaire survey and qualitative study among 45 patients

The controversial role of psychosocial stress in alopecia areata has been discussed widely, but there has been little research into patients' subjective stress experiences and coping. The aim of this study was to explore general and specific coping strategies in alopecia areata and to assess the role of psychosocial stress in the onset and course of alopecia areata from the patient's viewpoint. Forty-five patients conducted measurements of general coping strategies and body image. Qualitative data analysis was performed referring to interviews of stress experiences before the onset of alopecia areata, stress-reactivity, subjective disease models, consequences of alopecia areata and illness-related coping strategies. Patients do not have dysfunctional coping strategies in general, but they benefit from advantageous strategies in terms of better alopecia areata-specific coping and course of disease after 6 months. Psychological interventions in alopecia areata should focus on training general and alopecia areata-specific coping competences and regulating negative emotionality and insecurity, particularly at the first onset of alopecia areata.     

The genetic basis of alopecia areata: HLA associations with patchy alopecia areata versus alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis

Many diseases, notably those having a strong autoimmune component, have been shown to have an association with specific human leukocyte antigens (HLA). The molecular basis for this genetic association with disease is the fact that HLA bind and present peptides derived from self and foreign protein antigens to the immune system for recognition and activation of the immune response. Previous studies with heterogeneous groups of alopecia areata (AA) patients have suggested associations with some HLA class I and class II antigens. For this study we selected only patients with long-standing disease and stratified them into two groups by strict definitions of duration and extent of disease: those with patchy AA and those with either alopecia totalis (AT) or alopecia universalis (AU). The patients were tissue typed for HLA class II antigens by biomolecular methods that provided antigen discrimination at an allele level. More than 80% of all of the AA patients typed were positive for the antigen DQB1*03 (DQ3), suggesting that this antigen is a marker for general susceptibility to AA. In addition, two other antigens were found significantly increased in frequency only in the group of AT/AU patients, DRB1*0401 (DR4) and DQB1*0301(DQ7). This strongly suggests that the two clinical types of AA, namely patchy AA versus AT/AU, can be distinguished by a genetically based predisposition to extent of disease.     

雄激素性脱发和斑秃患者生活质量及抑郁情况调查分析

目的 调查脱发患者生活质量与抑郁状态及其影响因素,为改善其生活质量采取相应临床对策提供依据.方法 采用皮肤病生活质量指数(DLQI)和流行病学研究中心抑郁量表(CES-D),对雄激素性脱发和斑秃脱发患者237例进行问卷调查,评估其生活质量与抑郁状况,使用方差分析和logistic回归分析其影响因素.结果 237例脱发患者收集到有效答卷218份,218例脱发患者DLQI量表均分为9.1±5.4,总体上脱发对生活质量的影响为中度影响,重度及以上影响者占38.07%.CES-D量表均分为14.8±9.9,有抑郁倾向者占37.61%.DLQI得分和CES-D得分呈正相关(r=0.29,P<0.01).单因素方差分析结果显示,不同年龄、性别、文化程度及就诊次数对DLQI得分差异无统计学意义.多因素logistic回归分析显示,脱发患者发生抑郁倾向的危险因素有:就诊次数(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.21~2.69)和DLQI影响程度(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.03~1.13).结论 脱发不仅影响患者生活质量,而且给患者心理带来负面影响.     

斑秃的研究进展

斑秃是一种由T淋巴细胞介导的针对毛囊的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病,正常毛囊的免疫赦免作用的破坏在其发病过程中起着重要作用。精神心理因素可使病情加重或反复。目前通过全基因组关联分析至少发现了8个与斑秃发病有关的基因区域,为更好地认识斑秃的发病机制和寻求新的治疗方法提供了遗传学的理论基础。斑秃的发病机制尚不完全清楚,了解斑秃的流行病学、病因及治疗方法对斑秃的处理有指导意义