经皮肝穿胆道支架置入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床研究

目的：总结经皮肝穿刺胆道金属内支架植入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床疗效及经验。方法：92例恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,采用经皮肝穿刺肝胆管支架置入术。根据胆道梗阻狭窄的不同部位和狭窄的程度采用相应的放置方式。结果：92例患者中,91例胆道支架成功放置,其中12例放置双支架,支架扩张良好,引流通畅,血清胆红素下降明显。术后死亡2例,胆道出血3例,腹水渗漏6例,胆漏2例,支架移位1例,胆管炎9例,胆道再阻塞11例。结论对不能手术的恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸患者,经皮肝穿刺胆道内支架植入术创伤小,可提高患者的生存质量,延长生存期,是一种较为安全、有效的方法。     

经内镜胆道金属支架引流术治疗恶性胆道梗阻的价值

目的回顾786例经内镜胆道金属支架引流术,探讨其治疗价值。方法在结合临床、影像学资料及尽可能获得的病理基础上确立恶性胆道梗阻,直接或在经内镜鼻胆管引流术（ENBD）、经内镜塑料内支架引流术（ERBD）过渡引流确定引流效果后行经内镜金属支架引流术（EMBE）,与姑息性手术及ERBD进行对照研究。结果一次操作成功率99.5%,减黄有效率为：满意68.4%,一般27.5%,无效4.1%;其中低位梗阻减黄有效率（满意＋一般）达96.6%,高位梗阻减黄有效率82.4%,支架平均通畅期289天,平均生存期310天,并发症率6.7%,死亡率1.2%。结论在严格掌握适应证的基础上,EMBE是安全有效解除恶性胆道梗阻的方法,对中晚期胆道肿瘤患者基本可替代姑息性胆道手术治疗。     

胆管支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸５３例分析

目的　观察经皮肝穿刺肝胆管支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效及不良反应。方法　５３例恶性胆道梗阻患者采用经皮肝穿刺置入胆管支架治疗,术前及术后１周复查血清总胆红素、直接胆红素。２２例患者行肝动脉栓塞化疗（ＴＡＣＥ）。结果　共置入５５枚镍钛形状记忆合金内支架,其中２例各置入２枚胆道支架,技术操作成功率１００％。术前及术后１周血清总胆红素、直接胆红素均有显著差异（Ｐ＝０.０２１,Ｐ＝０.０１８）,支架置入后行ＴＡＣＥ者中位生存期（３９.２周）明显高于未行ＴＡＣＥ组（１７.３周）,术中及术后的并发症经及时处理后均能缓解。结论　对梗阻性黄疸患者经皮肝穿刺支架治疗对解除胆道梗阻是一种安全、有效的方法。术后行肝动脉栓塞化疗者能明显延长患者生存。     

恶性高位胆道梗阻经皮经肝胆道引流方式的疗效分析

目的：探讨恶性高位胆道梗阻患者经皮经肝胆道引流方式对术后近远期疗效影响,为临床选择适当的治疗方式提供依据。方法-回顾性分析我院108例恶性高位胆道梗阻患者,比较单侧引流（68例）和双侧引流（40例）,左右肝管是否相通,引流材料对近期胆红素下降值和生存情况的影响。结果：三组术后3—5天胆红素的下降值明显,但无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。随访1—36个月,单侧组和双侧组、单枚引流管与单枚支架生存率没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：恶性高位胆道梗阻以右侧入路单侧引流为主,生存期预计大于3个月,放置胆道支架,否则置入胆道引流管。     

胆道支架放置术治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床应用

目的：探讨胆道支架放置术治疗恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸的疗效和安全性。方法：恶性梗阻性黄疸病人24例，均采用胆道支架放置术的治疗方法，分别观察血清胆红素下降程度，手术并发症，并随访病人生存期和胆道支架维持通畅时间。结果：所有病人在治疗过程中均安全，胆道支架放置术疗效显著，黄疸消除率为70．8％，平均支架维持通畅时间为8．6个月，半年和一年生存率为62．5％和16．7％。结论：胆道支架放置术在治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸有较好疗效，使用安全。     

Safety of biliary stent placement followed by definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer with bile duct obstruction

BackgroundAlthough patients with malignant bile duct obstruction due to pancreatic cancer are often initially treated with biliary stent placement, concurrent chemoradiotherapy with stents poses a potential risk of increased toxicity. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the safety of biliary stent placement followed by definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer.MethodsPatients with pancreatic cancer who underwent either a plastic stent or a self-expanding metallic stent placement for malignant bile duct obstruction before definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. Radiotherapy was delivered in 1.8 Gy per fraction to a total dose of 50.4 Gy. Gemcitabine, TS-1 plus Gemcitabine, or TS-1 was the concurrent chemotherapy/regimen. The primary endpoint was the rate of biliary stent-related toxicities, defined as biliary bleeding, duodenal perforation, or bile duct perforation.ResultsThirty patients were included. Plastic stents were placed in 23 patients and self-expanding metallic stent in seven patients at the start of irradiation. The median follow-up time was 20 (range, 2–63) months, and 27 patients (90%) completed concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Biliary stent-related toxicity (grade 3 biliary bleeding) was confirmed in one patient (3%) with a plastic stent 9 months after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The median duration of locoregional control, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 31.1, 7.3, and 10.5 months, respectively.ConclusionsStent placement followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy was not associated with an apparent increase in toxicity and may be an appropriate treatment for patients with locally advanced pancreatic head cancer with bile duct obstruction.     

胆总管十二指肠T型吻合术治疗胆总管下端梗阻的临床研究

目的:比较研究胆总管十二指肠“T”型吻合术对预防吻合口狭窄、抗返流的价值。方法:对126 例胆总管下端梗阻患者施行不同术式的手术治疗,其中接受胆总管十二指肠“T”型吻合术63 例,胆总管空肠Roux en Y吻合46 例,传统胆总管十二指肠吻合17 例。结果:胆总管十二指肠“T”型吻合术疗效优秀率为68 .9% ( 42/61 ), 良好率为29 .5%(18/61);胆总管空肠Roux en Y 吻合优秀率为53 .3%(24/45),良好率为35.6%(16/45);传统胆总管十二指肠吻合术优秀率为33 .3% (5/15),良好率为33. 3%(5/15)。前者与后两者比较差异有统计学意义, P< 0. 01。结论:胆总管十二指肠“T”型吻合术是生理干扰小、简单易行、安全有效的内引流术式,可有效地防止吻合口狭窄及肠内容物的返流。     

影像学诊断恶性胆道梗阻和术前评估肿瘤切除的准确性

目的 探讨影像学诊断恶性胆道梗阻的价值和术前评估肿瘤切除的准确性。方法 对61例经病理或临床证实的恶性胆道梗阻病人，进行影像学检查资料总结。结果 对恶性胆道梗阻病人行B超、CT、ERCP或PTC、MRCP检查，术前临床诊断准确率分别为80.3%、85.2%、90.6%、90.0%、92.3%，术前评估肿瘤切除准确性:85%、78.4%、66.7%、73.1%、93.3%。结论 恶性胆道梗阻在定性诊断上MRCP、ERCP、PTC诊断率高于B超、CT，在手术可切除性评估方面MRCP、B超高于CT、ERCP、PTC，但均无统计学意义。     

三级肝管与空肠吻合治疗肝门部胆管梗阻与非外科胆管引流疗效的对比研究

目的　观察与评价肝内三级肝管空肠吻合术治疗恶性肝门部胆管梗阻的减黄效果 ,合并症及对生存期的影响。方法　切除部分肝左外侧叶 ,解剖出左外下段支肝管或切除右前叶下段部分肝组织 ,解剖出右前下段支肝管与空肠行Roux y吻合 ,在有效减黄率 ,合并症 ,黄疸再发率及生存期等方面与三组非外科胆管引流方法PTBD、ERBD、EMBE进行对照比较。结果　手术组与经皮经肝胆管引流术 (PTBD)、经内镜逆行性胆管引流术 (ERBD)、经皮经肝自膨式金属支架术 (EMBE)。有效减黄率 :分别是 95 %、89.8%、73 %、93 % ;早期合并症发生例数 :1例 /10例 ,8例 /3 5例 ,12例 /2 1例 ,1例 /10例 ;黄疸再发率 :0 % ,5 0 % ,40 % ,0 % ;平均生存期 (天 ) :2 46 ,117.3 ,198.40 ,2 0 3 .6 ,均P <0 .0 5。结论　肝内三级肝管空肠吻合术对于不能切除的恶性肝门部胆管梗阻是确实可行的治疗方法 ,其减黄效果优于PTBD、ERBD和EMBE。     

PTBD及PTIBS治疗胆道恶性梗阻的临床研究

目的：探讨经皮经肝胆管引流术（percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage,PTBD）和经皮经肝胆管内支架引流术（percutaneous transhepatic insertion of biliary stent,PTIBS）治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的技术,疗效及并发症。方法：172例恶性胆道梗阻患者在影像监视下行PTBD或PTIBS,术后10天复查血清总胆红素和直接胆红素。结果：172例恶性胆道梗阻患者,行外引流者123例,行内外引流者34例,行胆道支架置入者15例。技术操作成功率100%。所有患者术后第10天血清总胆红素和直接胆红素明显下降,肝功能改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.005）。结论：PTBD和PTIBS是治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的有效方法,具有创伤小、操作简便、安全性高的优点。     

PTBD及PTIBS治疗胆道恶性梗阻的临床研究

目的:探讨经皮经肝胆管引流术(percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage,PTBD)和经皮经肝胆管内支架引流术(percutaneous transhepatic insertion of biliary stent,PTIBS)治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的技术,疗效及并发症。方法:172例恶性胆道梗阻患者在影像监视下行PTBD或PTIBS,术后10天复查血清总胆红素和直接胆红素。结果:172例恶性胆道梗阻患者,行外引流者123例,行内外引流者34例,行胆道支架置入者15例。技术操作成功率100%。所有患者术后第10天血清总胆红素和直接胆红素明显下降,肝功能改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.005)。结论:PTBD和PTIBS是治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的有效方法,具有创伤小、操作简便、安全性高的优点。     

重组改构人肿瘤坏死因子姑息治疗晚期肿瘤伴随恶性胸腔积液的临床观察

目的：回顾性分析重组改构人肿瘤坏死因子（rmhTNF）在晚期肿瘤伴恶性胸腔积液患者姑息治疗中的效果。方法将25例晚期肿瘤伴发恶性胸腔积液的患者最大限度地引流胸腔积液,然后给予rmhTNF 300万IU,每3天一次,连续4次,观察疗效和不良反应。结果治疗后4例患者由于已经进入肿瘤终末期,于4周内死亡。在治疗4周内有76.2%（16/21）的患者未复发;对于曾经使用其他方法治疗过的15例患者,有73.3%（11/15）未复发。25例患者共给药83次,其中发热发生率10.8%（9/83）,流感样症状发生率1.2%（1/83）,总发生率为12.0%（10/83）。所有的不良反应是完全可逆的,对症治疗即可消失。结论胸腔内灌注rmhTNF治疗恶性胸腔积液是一种不良反应相对较少,疗效确切的方法,在其他方法失败的情况下也有效,适用于身体状况较差进行姑息治疗的患者。     

Surgical outcomes of colonic stents as a bridge to surgery versus emergency surgery for malignant colorectal obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of high quality prospective and randomised controlled trials

Self-expanding metallic stent placement as a bridge to surgery has been reported as an alternative to emergency surgery for acute malignant colorectal obstruction. However, results from clinical trials and previous meta-analyses are conflicting. We carried out a meta-analysis to compare the surgical and oncological outcomes between emergency surgery and self-expanding metallic stents for malignant large bowel obstruction. Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane were searched for prospective and randomised controlled trials. The outcomes of focus included 3- and 5-year overall and disease-free survival, overall tumour recurrence, overall complication and 30-day mortality rate, length of hospital and ICU stay, overall blood loss, number of patients requiring transfusion, total number of lymph nodes harvested, stoma and primary anastomosis rate. Twenty-seven studies were included with a total of 3894 patients. There was no significant difference in terms of 3-year and 5-year disease-free and overall survival. Stenting resulted in less blood loss (mean difference −234.72, P < 0.00001) and higher primary anastomosis rate (RR 1.25, P < 0.00001). For curative cases, bridge to surgery groups had lower 30-day mortality rate (RR 0.65, P = 0.01), lower overall complication rate (RR 0.65, P < 0.0001), more lymph nodes harvested (mean difference 2.51, P = 0.005), shorter ICU stay (mean difference −2.27, P = 0.02) and hospital stay (mean difference −7.24, 95% P < 0.0001). Compared to emergency surgery, self-expanding metallic stent interventions improve short-term surgical outcomes, especially in the curative setting, but have similar long-term oncological and survival outcomes.