Sigmoid volvulus after laparoscopic surgery for sigmoid colon cancer

We report the first case of sigmoid volvulus after laparoscopic surgery for sigmoid colon cancer. The patient is a 75‐year‐old man who presented with the sudden onset of severe abdominal pain. He had undergone laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for cancer 2 years before presentation. CT scan showed a distended sigmoid colon with a mesenteric twist, or “whirl sign.” Colonoscopy showed a mucosal spiral and luminal stenosis with dilated sigmoid colon distally and ischemic mucosa. The diagnosis of ischemic colonic necrosis due to sigmoid volvulus was established. Resection of the necrotic sigmoid colon was performed and a descending colon stoma was created. A long remnant sigmoid colon and chronic constipation may contribute to the development of sigmoid volvulus after laparoscopic sigmoidectomy. Prompt diagnosis is essential for adequate treatment, and colonoscopy aids in the diagnosis of ischemic changes in patients without definitive findings of a gangrenous colon.     

Laparoscopic high anterior resection for triple colorectal cancers with persistent ascending and descending mesocolons: A case report

Persistent mesocolon is an embryological anomaly of the colon resulting from failure of the primitive dorsal mesocolon to fuse with the parietal peritoneum. We herein present a case of laparoscopic high anterior resection for triple colorectal cancers with persistent ascending and descending mesocolons and a right‐bound inferior mesenteric artery. Preoperative 3‐D CT demonstrated that the sigmoid colon had shifted to the right abdomen and was located under the ascending colon. Moreover, the inferior mesenteric artery and vein traveled toward the right abdomen accompanied by the mesentery of the descending colon. Adhesiolysis between the ascending and sigmoid colon was initially performed, and the sigmoid colon was placed in its normal position. The inferior mesenteric artery was then divided with lymph node dissection using a medial approach, and high anterior resection was completed. An understanding of the anatomical characteristics of persistent mesocolon is important to ensure safe laparoscopic surgery.     

Tumor recurrence at a stapled‐anastomosis after radical laparoscopic surgery for descending colon cancer treated successfully by laparoscopic colectomy: A case report

Anastomosis using linear staplers following colonic resection has been increasingly used due to its convenience and technical safety. However, there have been few reports of stapled‐anastomotic recurrence after curative resection for colon cancer. Here, we report a rare case of suture‐line recurrence after functional end‐to‐end anastomosis. A 78‐year‐old woman underwent radical laparoscopic colectomy for advanced descending colon cancer. A postoperative 1 year follow‐up colonoscopy revealed that suture‐line recurrence had occurred. After the detection of early stage recurrent cancer, the patient underwent laparoscopic partial colectomy. This rare case of suture‐line recurrence in functional end‐to‐end anastomosis possibly occurred due to tumor implantation after curative laparoscopic surgery for advanced descending colon cancer. The follow‐up colonoscopy was helpful in diagnosing the anastomotic recurrence in its early stages. In addition, laparoscopic surgery for primary colon cancer led to successful laparoscopic treatment for recurrent cancer as a result of reduced bowel adhesion.     

Laparoscopic repair of an irreducible femoral hernia containing an epiploic appendage of the sigmoid colon

Here we present the first report of laparoscopic repair of an irreducible femoral hernia containing an epiploic appendage of the sigmoid colon. A 73‐year‐old woman presented with a 1‐week history of a left groin mass below the inguinal ligament with no abdominal symptoms. Abdominal CT demonstrated a 21 × 18‐mm oval‐shaped, fat‐dense structure in the left groin area. The hernia contents were considered potentially associated with the omentum; thus, a left irreducible femoral hernia was diagnosed. Elective laparoscopic surgery revealed an irreducible femoral hernia containing an epiploic appendage of the sigmoid colon, which was then reduced. The reduced epiploic appendage showed no ischemic changes, inflammation, torsion, or swelling, obviating the need for resection. The femoral hernia was laparoscopically repaired via a transabdominal preperitoneal approach with mesh. The patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful, and no recurrence of the femoral hernia was noted at the 6‐month follow‐up.     

Simultaneous laparoscopic left hemicolectomy and spleen‐preserving distal pancreatectomy for descending colon cancer with pancreatic invasion

Here, we describe laparoscopic colectomy with spleen‐preserving distal pancreatectomy for descending colon cancer with pancreatic tail invasion. A 69‐year‐old man with descending colon cancer staged as clinical state IIIC (cT4b [pancreas] N1M0) underwent definitive laparoscopic surgery that was performed in collaboration with surgeons who specialize in laparoscopic colorectal and hepatobiliary‐pancreatic laparoscopy. After the left colon was mobilized, tumor infiltration of the pancreas, but not the splenic vessels, was confirmed, and the spleen was preserved. The procedures were safely completed laparoscopically, without intraoperative and postoperative complications. Laparoscopic multivisceral resection could be a treatment option for similar patients but only when performed by multidisciplinary specialists.     

Laparoscopic reduced port surgery for schwannoma of the sigmoid colon: A case report

A 74‐year‐old woman who developed schwannoma of the sigmoid colon was referred to our hospital for colonography to determine the cause of her stool occult blood. Colonoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor, which measured 3 cm in diameter, in the sigmoid colon. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a low echoic, homogeneous and demarcated submucosal tumor that continued into the fourth layer of the colonic wall. Gastrointestinal stromal, myogenic or neurogenic tumor was suspected, and thus, laparoscopic sigmoidectomy was carried out. We used two ports during the operation, a SILS Port in the umbilical region and a 12‐mm port in the right lower abdominal wall, and performed sigmoidectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. Histological findings revealed spindle‐like tumor cells with multiform nuclei. The tumor was diagnosed by immunostaining as benign schwannoma of the sigmoid colon. The conventional surgical treatment for schwannoma of the digestive tract is partial resection, but if preoperative diagnosis is unknown, radical resection with lymphadenectomy is acceptable for submucosal tumors in the digestive tract. In this case, laparoscopic reduced port surgery using only one or two ports may be more feasible and beneficial with regard to cosmesis and reduced postoperative pain than conventional laparoscopic colectomy.     

Laparoscopic sigmoidectomy in a case of sigmoid colon cancer with situs inversus totalis

Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare anatomic anomaly in which organs in the chest and abdomen exist in a mirror image reversal of their normal positions. SIT can complicate surgical procedures, and few reports have described laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in patients with SIT. Here, we report a case of successful laparoscopic surgery in a patient with SIT and sigmoid colon cancer. Laparoscopic sigmoidectomy involved colonic mobilization with high ligation of the inferior mesenteric vessels and complete mesocolic excision. The operating surgeon stood on the patient's left side, opposite the normal location for sigmoidectomy. By placing a 12‐mm trocar in the left iliac fossa and using an automatic endoscopic linear stapler, the operating surgeon was able to perform left‐handed colon resection without having to change position or move the laparoscopic monitor mid‐procedure. An automatic endoscopic linear stapler is useful for laparoscopic left‐side colon surgery in a patient with SIT.     

Severe cellulitis and abdominal wall emphysema following laparoscopic colonic surgery: A case report

Abdominal wall emphysema is a common complication of laparoscopic surgery. This condition is usually harmless; however, if an infection occurs, it can develop into a serious condition such as necrotizing fasciitis. We report a case of a 51‐year‐old woman suffering from severe cellulitis that spread from an area of abdominal wall emphysema after laparoscopic surgery for sigmoid colon cancer. Recognizing this complication, early diagnosis, and prompt treatment are cornerstones for successful management of this potentially fatal disease.     

Appendiceal submucosal mass as presentation of intestinal endometriosis

Submucosal lesions are mass‐like protuberances into the gastrointestinal lumen covered by normal mucosa. Making a definitive diagnosis is difficult because of the number of benign and malignant lesions and extrinsic compression. Here we report the case of a 42‐year‐old woman referred for colon polypectomy. Colonoscopy revealed a polypoid formation with externalization from the appendicular orifice covered by normal mucosa and another formation at the sigmoid colon. The histopathology of both lesions was normal. Endoscopic ultrasound showed a hypoechoic lesion that was slightly heterogeneous in the fourth layer, and CT colonography confirmed the findings. Surgical therapy with ileocolic resection and resection of the sigmoid lesion was performed. Surgical specimens revealed an appendicular intussusception by endometriosis and endometrial foci in the sigmoid. Intestinal endometriosis may have several presentations, but it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of a submucosal lesion in the colon.     

两种腹腔镜手术方案在乙状结肠癌患者中的疗效对比

目的对比传统腹腔镜乙状结肠癌根治术与腹部无切口经直肠取出标本腹腔镜手术的近期疗效。方法以2015年1月-2016年12月于该院拟实施腹腔镜辅助乙状结肠癌根治手术的患者中选出34例实施腹部无切口经直肠取出标本腹腔镜乙状结肠癌根治术的患者作为腹部无切口组。以1∶2的配对方式选择同期内年龄、性别一致,体质指数(BMI)相近的实施腹腔镜辅助乙状结肠癌根治手术的患者68例作为对照组。对比两种腹腔镜手术方案的手术时间、手术出血量、术后排气时间、术后疼痛评分、手术并发症、术后住院时间、附加镇痛处理情况、肠管切除长度、近远端切缘、肿瘤大小、淋巴结清扫数目和p TNM分期。结果腹部无切口组乙状结肠癌患者的手术时间、手术出血量明显高于对照组,腹部无切口组乙状结肠癌患者的术后排气时间、术后清醒时疼痛评分、术后第1天的疼痛评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组乙状结肠癌患者的肠管切除长度、远近端切缘、肿瘤大小、淋巴结清扫数目和p TNM分期差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹部无切口组随访5~8个月,平均6个月;对照组随访6~9个月,平均7个月,均未发现肿瘤局部复发及远处转移。结论相比于传统腹腔镜手术,腹部无切口经直肠取出标本腹腔镜乙状结肠癌根治术可以明显降低患者的疼痛程度,缩短术后排气时间,肿瘤根治效果相近。     

Colorectal intussusception secondary to sigmoid carcinoma in an adult

Although intussusception is relatively common in children, it is clinically rare in adults A 54-year-old woman who presented with cramping abdominal pain and rectal bleeding was found to have sigmoid rectal intussusception secondary to adenomatous polyps of the sigmoid colon. Following confirmation of intussusception by CT scan, surgical resection was performed after manual reduction.     

Laparoscopic diagnosis of retrograde peristalsis and intussusception in Roux‐en‐Y limb after laparoscopic gastrectomy: A case report

The cause of jejunojejunal intussusception, a rare complication after Roux‐en‐Y gastric surgery, remains unclear. Here, we present a case of retrograde jejunojejunal intussusception that occurred after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction. A 51‐year‐old woman who had undergone laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction for early gastric cancer 6 years previously was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain. Abdominal CT revealed the “target sign,” and she was diagnosed as having small bowel intussusception. Laparoscopic surgery resulted in a diagnosis of retrograde intussusception of the distal jejunum of the Roux‐en‐Y anastomosis with retrograde peristalsis in the same area. The Roux‐en‐Y anastomosis site and intussuscepted segment were resected laparoscopically. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of laparoscopic diagnosis of retrograde peristalsis in the distal jejunum of a Roux‐en‐Y anastomosis. Additionally, relevant published reports concerning this unusual condition are discussed.     

Laparoscopic repair of an incarcerated inguinal hernia containing the sigmoid colon with a colonoscope

Here, we report the first case of laparoscopic surgery to repair an incarcerated colonoscope in an inguinal hernia containing the sigmoid colon. After colonoscopy was performed on a 74-year-old man with positive fecal occult blood test results, the colonoscope could not be withdrawn. A bulge consistent with an incarcerated colonoscope was found on examination of the patient's left inguinal area. Computed tomography revealed and led to the diagnosis of an incarcerated colonoscope in the sigmoid colon within the inguinal hernia. After confirmation during emergency laparoscopic surgery, the incarcerated sigmoid colon was reduced, and the colonoscope was removed under radiographic and laparoscopic guidance. No ischemic changes or serosal injuries were observed, averting the need for resection. A transabdominal preperitoneal approach with a mesh was then used to repair the inguinal hernia laparoscopically. The patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful, and no recurrence was observed at the 1-year follow-up.     

Laparoscopic surgery for sigmoid colon cancer after multiple operations including urinary diversion with Indiana pouch: A case report

A 73‐year‐old man with lower abdominal pain was diagnosed at our hospital with sigmoid colon cancer. He had previously undergone radical cystectomy with Indiana pouch construction and gastrectomy to treat bladder cancer and gastric cancer, respectively. We performed a laparoscopic Hartmann's operation with Japanese D3 lymph node dissection. We observed severe adhesion in the abdominal cavity; adhesions between the urostomy and sigmoid colon were particularly severe. The tumor had invaded to the distal rectum, which had adhered to the pubic bone and the previously reconstructed urinary pouch. By performing careful and persistent laparoscopic dissection, we completed the operation without damaging the urostomy and with no remnant tumor tissue (R0). The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was doing well with no evidence of cancer recurrence 1 year after surgery.     

Sonographic findings in intussusception caused by a lipoma in the muscular layer of the colon

Lipomas of the gastrointestinal tract are uncommon tumors. Almost all gastrointestinal lipomas are submucosal or subserosal, and most are asymptomatic, although they may cause abdominal pain, bowel obstruction, and gastrointestinal bleeding. The diagnosis of gastrointestinal lipoma is usually not made before surgery. We present a case of colonic intussusception caused by a lipoma that was located in the muscular layer of the colon and was diagnosed preoperatively by sonography. The descending colon appeared edematous and thick. There was layering within the lumen of the descending colon, mimicking the target sign. At the distal end of the intussusception, there was a 4.7-cm, hyperechoic, rounded lesion with a smooth margin. Surgery revealed a polypoid mass originating from the splenic flexure and causing intussusception of the colon, and pathologic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of lipoma of the muscular layer of the colon.     

Laparoscopic surgery for sigmoidocutaneous fistula due to diverticulitis: A case report

Sigmoidocutaneous fistulas due to sigmoid colon diverticulitis are very rare. Here we report a case in which laparoscopic sigmoidectomy was used to successfully treat a sigmoidocutaneous fistula due to diverticulitis. A 41‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital because of redness and swelling of the left inguinal skin. Enhanced abdominal CT revealed a subcutaneous abscess in the left lower abdomen. Percutaneous drainage was performed, and fistulography revealed a fistula between the sigmoid colon and left inguinal skin. Therefore, a sigmoidocutaneous fistula was diagnosed, and laparoscopic sigmoidectomy and fistulectomy were performed. The sigmoid colon had several diverticula, and a pathological examination revealed that the sigmoidocutaneous fistula was due to diverticulitis. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 8. In cases of sigmoidocutaneous fistula, laparoscopic treatment can be safely performed.     

A case of familial adenomatous polyposis with protein-losing enteropathy treated by laparoscopic total colorectal resection: A literature review

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) with protein-losing enteropathy is a rare disorder and is difficult to treat medically. A 74-year-old female patient was referred to our hospital with a chief complaint of anorexia. Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy showed multiple adenomas from the ascending colon to the rectum and adenocarcinoma in the sigmoid colon and descending colon. Laboratory findings showed hypoalbuminemia (albumin 1.6 mg/dl). Protein leak scintigraphy using 99mTc-HSAD found a protein leak from the colon. Although hypercaloric infusion was administered, the nutritional status was not improved and albumin transfusion was required. The patient underwent laparoscopic total proctocolectomy, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, and temporary ileostomy. She had a good postoperative course and the hypoalbuminemia normalized in a few weeks. The patient underwent temporary ileostomy reversal. Here we report a case of FAP with protein-losing enteropathy who underwent laparoscopic total proctocolectomy, which resulted in improvement of the protein leak as well as cancer treatment.     

腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术的疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术的安全性、有效性、手术方法及其应用价值。方法回顾性分析2006年6月至2009年8月32例结直肠癌患者施行腹腔镜手术的临床资料。结果本组中直肠癌10例,乙状结肠癌12例,降结肠癌和升结肠癌各5例。共28例手术顺利完成,其中施行Dixon手术8例,Miles手术2例,乙状结肠根治性切除10例,乙状结肠部分切除1例,左半结肠切除4例,右半结肠切除3例;4例患者因肥胖或肿瘤侵犯邻近器官而中转开腹手术。术中平均失血量约为110 mL,平均清扫恶性肿瘤淋巴结数目13.5枚,术后肠功能恢复时间平均40 h,平均住院时间9 d。无手术死亡病例,无术后出血、吻合口漏等并发症发生。结论腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,只要能严格把握适应证和熟练掌握腹腔镜技术,此术式安全、有效,具较好的应用前景。     

Two‐stage laparoscopic curative resection for synchronous multiple colorectal cancers: A case report

A 75‐year‐old man tested positive for occult blood in the stool. A subsequent examination indicated concurrent locally advanced cancer (cT3) at the hepatic flexure and lower rectum cancer in the external anal sphincter. Because of the locally advanced rectal cancer (cT4), preoperative chemoradiotherapy was administered. First, laparoscopic right hemicolectomy and colostomy were performed at the sigmoid colon. Chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer was initiated on day 18 after the surgeries. Seven weeks after chemoradiotherapy had been completed, laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection and right lateral pelvic lymph node dissection were performed. This case demonstrated that a second radical surgery for rectal cancer could be performed safely and laparoscopically after laparoscopic colectomy and colostomy.     

Transmesenteric approach for laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery for a duodenal adenoma located in the third portion of the duodenum

We report our experience in a patient with adenoma located in the horizontal part of the duodenum, which was effectively treated with the transmesenteric laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) approach. This approach, which entails incising the mesentery of the colon, simplified laparoscopic access to the horizontal part of the duodenum, which was minimally mobilized. Thus, the bulb and descending part of the duodenum were fixed to the retroperitoneum, facilitating stable handling of the endoscope and enabled safe and effective excision of an adenoma located in the horizontal part of the duodenum. This approach enabled safe and effective excision of an adenoma located in the horizontal part of the duodenum. The advantages of this method include a secure field of view, lower probability of damage to large vessels, and minimizing the defect to the intestine caused by the incision.