AMI患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后ST段早期回落影响因素分析

目的分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后(PCI)影响心电图ST段早期回落的相关因素。方法测量并计算63例急性心肌梗死患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术前和术后1h梗死相关导联最大ST段抬高幅度。按术后1h内ST段回落幅度分为A组(ST段回落≥50%)、B组(ST段下降<50%),对比分析两组相关临床特征与ST段回落幅度的关系。结果两组患者年龄、性别无明显差异(P>0.05);在糖尿病、梗死前反复心绞痛症状、发病至梗死相关血管开通时间、心肌梗死面积积分、Killips心功能分级方面有显著差异。结论糖尿病、梗死前反复心绞痛症状、发病至梗死相关血管开通时间、心肌梗死面积积分、Killips心功能分级可能是影响AMI冠状动脉介入治疗术后心电图ST段回落程度的主要因素。     

急性心肌梗死冠状动脉介入治疗后心电图ST段回落与心肌组织灌注的观察

目的探讨急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)再通后心电图ST段下降幅度与心肌组织灌注的关系。方法将PCI再通后1小时的18导联ECG与入院当时ECG比较,分别测定梗死相关导联最大ST段高度,按抬高的ST段下降幅度分为A组:ST段下降≥50%,B组:ST段下降<50%,根据对ST段回落和心肌水平有效再灌注相关临床因素的观察而进行比较。结果两组患者在非致死性心脏事件、LVEF、室壁运动异常和住院死亡病例方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组患者心肌水平有效再灌注明显好于B组。结论急性心肌梗死经急诊PCI再通后心电图ST段回落程度可以预示心肌水平有效再灌注,井进一步指导临床治疗。     

急性心肌梗死冠状动脉介入治疗后心电图ST段回落与心朋组织灌注的观察

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)再通后心电图ST段下降幅度与心肌组织灌注的关系.方法 将PCI再通后1小时的18导联ECG与入院当时ECG比较,分别测定梗死相关导联最大ST段高度,按抬高的ST段下降幅度分为A组:ST段下降≥50%,B组:ST段下降＜50%,根据对ST段回落和心肌水平有效再灌注相关临床因素的观察而进行比较.结果 两组患者在非致死性心脏事件、LVEF、室壁运动异常和住院死亡病例方面差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),A组患者心肌水平有效再灌注明显好于B组.结论 急性心肌梗死经急诊PCI再通后心电图ST段回落程度可以预示心肌水平有效再灌注,井进一步指导临床治疗.     

急性心肌梗死病人血清肌钙蛋白I峰浓度与心电图Q波、ST段的相关性

目的 :分析血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ (cTnI)峰浓度与心电图Q波、ST段的相关性 ,以了解它们在急性心肌梗死 (AMI)病情和预后判断中的作用。方法 :172例AMI患者在不同时间段系列采血测定血清cTnI。检查标准 18导联心电图 ,计算出现病理性Q波的导联数 ,病理性Q波总幅度 ,最大病理性Q波 ,ST段抬高的导联数 ,并与血清cTnI峰浓度比较。同时考虑冠脉再灌注的影响。结果 :不论再通与否 ,急性心肌梗死 (包括前壁、下壁 )病人标准 18导联心电图病理性Q波总的幅度、最大病理性Q波幅度、出现病理性Q波的导联数目以及急性前壁心肌梗死ST段抬高的导联数目与血清cTnI峰浓度有明显的等级相关。结论 :急性心肌梗死病人血清cTnI峰浓度与心电图病理性Q波总的幅度、最大病理性Q波幅度、出现病理性Q波的导联数目和急性前壁心肌梗死ST段抬高的导联数目对判断预后有一定的帮助。     

急性心肌梗死病人血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ峰浓度与心电图Q波ST段的相关性

目的：分析血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）峰浓度与心电图Q波、ST段的相关性，以了解它们在急性心肌梗死（AMI）病情和预后判断中的作用。方法：172例AMI患者在不同时间段系列来则定血清cTnI。检查标准18导联心电图，计算出现病理性Q波的导联数，病理性Q波总幅度，最大病理性Q波，ST段抬高的导联数，并与血清cTnI峰浓度的比较，同时考虑冠脉灌注的影响。结果：不论再通与否，急性心肌梗死（包括前壁、下壁）病人标准18导联心电图病理性Q波总的幅度，最大病理性Q波幅度，出现病理性Q波的导联数目以及急性前壁心肌梗死ST段抬高的导联数目与血清cTnI峰浓度有明显的等级相关。结论：急性心肌梗死病人血清cTnI峰浓度与心电图病理性Q波总的幅度，最大病理性Q波幅度，出现病理性Q波的导联数目和急性前壁心肌梗死ST段抬高的导联数目对判断预后有一定的帮助。     

STEMI患者心肌酶峰及心电图与左心室功能关系研究

目的:探讨ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者左心室功能与心肌酶峰、心电图的相关性.方法:选择2013年2月~2015年11月到我院就诊的120例STEMI患者进行研究,经临床诊断后进行静脉药物溶栓或者经皮冠状动脉(PCI)治疗,分为早期和延迟再灌注两个组,比较两组患者的心电图、心肌酶峰、左心室功能指标.结果:两组患者的性别、年龄、并发症及用药等均无统计学差异,但两组患者的左前降支病变血管、Killip分级及FMC有统计学差异;早期再灌注组的∑ST、∑R、∑Q、ST波、Q波、心肌酶峰指标、BNP最高值及LVEDD均显著高于延迟再灌注组,差异有统计学意义,而延迟再灌注组的LVEF略高,差异有统计学意义;早期再灌注组心电图梗死相关导联的∑ST、∑Q、ST波、Q波与Killip分级、心肌酶峰指标、BNP及LVEDD呈正相关,与LVEF呈负相关;∑R与心肌酶峰指标、BNP及LVEDD呈负相关,与LVEF呈正相关;ST段抬高幅度、Q波最大值与Killip分级、心肌酶峰指标、BNP及LVEDD呈正相关.其中BNP和LVEF与左心功能的相关性最大,差异均有统计学意义.结论:STEMI患者心电图ST段抬高越多、Q波和心肌酶指标(CK、CK-MB、cTnT)越高、R波越小,左心室功能越差,值的继续深入研究.     

替罗非班在老年急性心肌梗死临床应用的有效性及安全性研究

目的 评价老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用血小板膜糖蛋白IIb/IIIa受体拮抗剂替罗非班的有效性及安全性.方法 87例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者,随机分为用药组(替罗非班+PCI)和对照组(PCI),分别比较两组患者基础资料,术中不良事件、罪犯血管术后TIMI血流分级、PCI术后1 h梗死相关导联ST段回落、PCI术后1周心脏超声、出血事件、30 d内不良事件、1年内不良心血管事件(再发心绞痛、心肌梗死、再次血运重建、猝死)及心功能状态等.结果 两组术后TIMI3级血流发生率、1 h心电图梗死相关导联ST段回落＞50%发生率、30 d内不良事件、1年内再次血运重建、1年后心功能状态NYHA 1级的发生率比较,用药组优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).用药组患者出现出血事件8例(17.0%),对照组3例(7.5%),两组出血率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者行PCI治疗中使用替罗非班是安全有效的.     

急性心肌梗死介入治疗后12导联动态心电图ST段改变

目的探讨ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者接受心肌再灌注介入（PCI）治疗后,其早期12导联动态心电图ST段抬高的振幅总和（∑STE）的下降幅度的临床意义。方法96例STEMI患者,入院后6h内行PCI治疗,测量并比较PCI术前与PCI术后2h内12导联动态心电图检查中∑STE的下降幅度。同时记录进行PCI治疗及再灌注时间。结果急性心肌梗死患者∑STE下降幅度≥50％胸痛症状基本消失,而∑STE下降幅度〈50％,胸痛症状不明显,心功能受损较重。结论急性心肌梗死（AMI）发病至PCI治疗的时间及∑STE下降的幅度对早期AMI的治疗十分重要,早期PCI治疗及∑STE下降的幅度≥50％者,其近、远期预后良好。     

高血糖对急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉介入术后心肌组织水平灌注的影响

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(acutemyocardial infarction,AMI)患者行急诊冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后心电图ST段下降与高血糖的关系,以揭示高血糖对心肌组织灌注的影响。方法急诊行PCI的AMI患者冠状动脉造影显示梗死相关血管(infarct-related artery,IRA)前向血流TIMI0～1级,PCI后IRA前向血流恢复到3级。术前行常规心电图、心肌酶检查及抗栓、抗心肌缺血等治疗。术后90min复查心电图。将患者分为两组:有糖尿病病史或者既往无糖尿病病史但入院血糖≥8mmol/L者列为I组,既往无糖尿病病史并且入院血糖<8mmol/L者列为Ⅱ组。比较两组患者术前、术后各导联ST段抬高的平均值及术前、术后ST段下降程度以及AMI并发症发生率。结果Ⅰ组患者无痛性心肌梗死较多见(P<0.05),导致发病到就诊的时间延长(P<0.05),其室性心律失常、心力衰竭、再发AMI、梗死后心绞痛及心血管死亡的发生率均高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组和Ⅰ组相比,术后90min各导联抬高的ST段平均值及术前、术后ST段下降程度间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论AMI患者PCI治疗后心电图抬高的ST段下降程度受高血糖的影响;高血糖和高血脂影响PCI后心肌组织的微循环灌注;PCI后心肌组织的灌注状态与临床预后有关,高血糖患者发生AMI时预后不良。     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后ST段回落不良的相关因素及短期预后

目的探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后ST段回落不良的相关因素及临床预后。方法回顾性分析284例急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者心电图及临床资料,分为ST段回落（STR）组193例和ST段回落不良（STNR）组91例。结果STNR组和STR组合并糖尿病、前壁心肌梗死、梗死前心绞痛、心功能Killip〉II级的比例及Q波计数、心率、血糖、CK-MB、纤维蛋白原、Gensini评分、发病至再灌注时间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。前壁心肌梗死、心功能Killip II级、发病至再灌注时间是急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后发生STNR的独立危险因素,梗死前心绞痛为保护因素（P〈0.05）。STNR组梗死后心绞痛、心力衰竭、恶性心律失常、死亡、总心脏不良事件发生率显著高于STR组,住院时间显著长于STR组,两组左室射血分数、左室收缩末期内径、左室舒张末期内径差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入患者前壁心肌梗死、梗死前心绞痛、心功能Killip〉II级以及发病至再灌注时间与术后STNR密切相关,STNR患者术后心脏不良事件发生率高,预后不佳。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.