单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾脏岩藻糖基转移酶8的表达变化

目的: 探讨岩藻糖基转移酶8(FUT8)在单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠模型肾脏中表达及意义。方法: 90只雄性Wistar 大鼠随机分为正常对照组(control组)、假手术组(sham组)和UUO组,分别在术后1 d、3 d、7 d、14 d和21 d处死,检测各组大鼠肾功能情况;PAS与Masson染色观察大鼠肾间质病理形态学改变;RT-PCR和Western blotting检测各组大鼠肾组织不同时点FUT8 mRNA及蛋白的表达;免疫荧光检测大鼠肾组织不同时点FUT8和活化素受体样激酶5(ALK5)的分布以及表达;免疫组化检测大鼠肾脏纤维连接蛋白(FN)、Ⅰ型胶原(Col I)和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)表达。结果: 与control组相比,UUO组大鼠血肌酐及尿素氮于术后3 d开始升高(P<0.05),第21 d升至最高(P<0.01);UUO3 d开始肾间质可见明显炎症细胞浸润,14 d出现明显肾小管萎缩,21 d可见明显肾间质纤维化。FUT8的mRNA表达与蛋白水平表达于术后3 d出现上升并随梗阻时间延长逐渐增加(P<0.05),分别于14 d及21 d达到最高峰(P<0.01); ALK5在肾小管的表达与FUT8一致,呈正相关(r=0.87,P<0.05),且两者分布一致,共表达区域随着肾纤维化进展逐渐增加。FN、Col I和α-SMA表达于术后第3 d出现上升并随梗阻时间延长逐渐增加(P<0.05),且与FUT8呈正相关(r=0.80,r=0.76,r=0.89,P<0.05)。结论: 在肾间质纤维化的进展中,FUT8与ALK5表达呈时空一致性升高,可能与肾间质纤维化程度密切相关。     

Screening and identification of the differential proteins in kidney with complete unilateral ureteral obstruction

Obstructive nephropathy is a major cause of renal failure, particularly in infants and children, and indications for therapeutic intervention remain highly controversial. There is a great need for the development of new methods to monitor patients, and the biomarker research field is a promising approach for this purpose to be used as prognostic tools for early disease detection and the choice of the optimal treatment and monitoring. Here, we presented our comparative proteomics study of rat kidney with complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO). Proteins from the groups of CUUO and corresponding sham rat kidney tissues were subjected to 2-D gel electrophoresis, and then protein identification by mass spectrometry. We identified 39 proteins with differential expression between kidney tissues from sham operated group and those with CUUO. These identified proteins were reported to be involved in cell apoptosis, energy metabolism and injuries of mitochondrion and oxidative stress, and so on. We confirmed 3 identified proteins by immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence staining and assessed their mRNA levels in renal tissues. Our results demonstrate protein alterations that reflect the pathological situation of the obstructed kidneys, which may help understand the relationship between oxidative stress and obstructive nephropathy.     

Sonic hedgehog信号通路在单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾组织中的表达变化及意义

 目的：探讨Sonic hedgehog（Shh）信号通路在单侧输尿管梗阻（UUO）大鼠肾组织中的表达变化及意义。方法：将48只SD大鼠随机分为UUO模型组（n=24）和假手术组（n=24）,梗阻术3、7和14 d后取其梗阻侧肾脏组织。用HE和Masson染色检测肾间质纤维化程度,免疫组织化学染色检测Shh通路分子Shh、Ptch1、Smo、Gli1及III型胶原的蛋白表达,酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）检测肾组织中TGF-β₁和Shh含量,real-time RT-PCR检测TGF-β₁、I和III型胶原及Shh通路分子mRNA表达。结果：HE和Masson染色显示,梗阻侧肾组织出现明显的纤维化病变,且随时间延长而加剧。TGF-β₁、I和III型胶原含量在梗阻肾中表达明显增高（P<0.05）。同时,Shh信号通路分子Shh、Smo和Gli mRNA和蛋白在梗阻肾中表达明显升高（P<0.05）,而Ptch1 mRNA和蛋白的表达下调（P<0.01）,提示Shh信号被激活。相关分析表明,Shh信号起始信号Shh水平的升高与TGF-β₁含量增加呈明显的相关。结论：UUO大鼠诱导肾间质纤维化发生过程中,Shh信号通路分子被激活,推测可能的机制是活化的Shh信号通路诱导TGF-β₁表达和释放,导致肾间质纤维化。     

Total and regional renal blood flow during complete unilateral ureteral obstruction

Regional renal blood flow was investigated after 1, 2, 12 and 24 h of unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats. Total renal and cortical blood flow rates were determined by the microsphere technique and regional medullary blood flow by the 86-Rb extraction method. The kidneys were microdissected into cortex and medulla, which was further divided into the outer stripe and the inner stripe of the outer zone, and the inner zone. In the obstructed kidneys cortical blood flow increased by 33% after 1 h of obstruction, but was normalized after 2 h. After 12 and 24 h this flow was significantly decreased (55% and 65% of control respectively). The pattern of total renal blood flow was similar to that of cortical blood flow. In the outer stripe there was an initial increase (44%) after 1 h, but later no significant deviations from control values were found. After 1 h of obstruction the blood flows in the inner stripe and the inner zone were not significantly different from control values. A significantly decreased blood flow was seen in the inner stripe after 2 h (57% of control) and in the inner zone after 12 h (58% of control). A significant recovery of the blood flow had occurred in the inner stripe and the inner zone after 24 h of obstruction. In the contralateral, non-obstructed kidney no significant changes were found, besides an increased innerstripe blood flow after 24 h of UUO.     

p38 MAPK在大鼠梗阻性肾病肾组织中的表达及可能作用

目的：探讨p38 MAPK在大鼠梗阻性肾病模型肾组织中的表达及其在肾脏纤维化发病机制中的作用。方法：采用单侧输尿管结扎制造梗阻性肾病模型，分别于造模后1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h、1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d取肾组织，应用免疫沉淀结合特异性底物磷酸化法测定肾组织p38 MAPK活性，用免疫组织化学法检测磷酸化p38 MAPK在肾组织中的表达；用免疫组织化学及原位杂交方法检测肾组织TGFβ₁ mRNA和蛋白水平的表达。结果：正常对照组大鼠肾组织有一定的p38 MAPK基础活性（吸光度A值）(0.22±0.06)。UUO术后1 h，p38 MAPK即被激活（0.45±0.14 vs 对照组，P<0.05），12 h时达第一个高峰（0.91±0.07 vs 对照组，P<0.01），此后活性逐渐下降，3 d后又进行性升高，7 d达到第二个高峰（0.93±0.06 vs 对照组，P<0.01），此后又缓慢下降，28 d降至最低水平(0.12±0.02)。而TGFβ₁的表达在UUO术后1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h及24 h无明显增加，第3 d有明显增加（13.55%±6.33% vs 对照组，P＜0.05），第7 d达高峰（26.78%±8.77% vs 对照组，P<0.01），第28 d表达最少。梗阻肾肾组织p38 MAPK的激活明显早于TGFβ₁表达且p38 MAPK早期活性水平与TGFβ₁的表达水平呈正相关；梗阻肾高表达的TGFβ₁与肾组织p38MAPK的后期活性的高低显著相关（r=0.84, P<0.01）。结论：p38 MAPK在大鼠梗阻性肾病肾组织中的活性明显增高，可能介导梗阻肾肾组织TGFβ₁的表达，并可能参与TGFβ₁诱导的肾间质纤维化的过程。     

Expression of p27 and TGF-beta in rat kidney with unilateral ureteral obstruction and the relationship between TGF-beta and p27

AIM: To explore the expression of p27 and the changes of TGF-beta in the renal tubule on the process of renal interstitial fibrosis caused by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rats and to investigate the relationship between TGF-beta and p27 in renal interstitial fibrosis rats. METHODS: Sixty rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (SOR) and UUO group. Ten rats from each group were sacrificed on days 7, 14 and 21 after operation respectively. The renal pathological changes were dynamically observed by HE . The expression and dynamic changes of p27 were detected by immunohistochemistry. The levels of p27 mRNA and TGF-beta mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The expression of p27 in renal tubular epithelial cells and p27mRNA was strongly positive in SOR group. With the aggravation of interstitial fibrosis, the expression of p27 gradually decreased in UUO group while the expression of TGF-beta increased. There was a negative correlation between TGF-beta and p27. CONCLUSION: P27 is involved in the fibrosis of renal mesenchyme in rats with UUO. The mechanism of TGF-beta accelerating fibrosis may relate to the reduction of p27 expression in UUO rats.     

激光多普勒流量计观察单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠双侧肾皮质微循环血流变化

目的:用激光多普勒流量计观察单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠双侧肾皮质微循环血流的变化,探讨梗阻侧肾间质纤维化的发病机制及健侧肾的代偿机制。方法:成年雌性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组和模型组。假手术组仅将输尿管游离但不结扎离断,模型组行单侧输尿管结扎术。术后第7、14和21天随机选取并处死各组中的6只大鼠,观察双肾病理学改变,并检测双侧肾皮质微循环血流。结果:H-E染色显示假手术组双侧肾各时间点肾单位结构正常,间质无增宽;模型组大鼠梗阻侧肾术后7 d出现早期间质纤维化的病理改变,并随梗阻时间延长逐渐加重;健侧肾小球系膜细胞增生并随代偿时间延长逐渐增多。肾皮质微循环血流,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠健侧肾皮质微循环血流显著增加,梗阻侧肾皮质微循环灌注量先增加后进行性降低。结论:血液流变学改变、梗阻侧肾皮质微循环血流灌注量进行性减少是肾间质纤维化的发病机制之一;而健侧肾皮质微循环血流灌注量增高,在一定程度上有利于健侧肾的功能代偿。     

Heterogeneity of intracortical peritubular plasma flow in the rat kidney.

The 86 Rb-accumulation technique was adapted to the study of intracortical peritubule plasma flow patterns in the rat kidney. A rapid intravenous bolus of 86Rb (50 micronCi) was given to anesthetized nondiuretic rats. One kidney pedicle was tied at 6 s, the other at 12 s. In group I (1o rats) [3H]PAH clearance was measured prior to the 86Rb bolus. In group II (six rats) 86Rb and [3H]PAH (100 micronCi) were given together. The kidneys were snap-frozen, then sliced at -6 degrees C. There were no differences in renal plasma flow (RPF) as measured by either tracer in either group, no differences in the intracortical distribution of [3H]PAH and 86Rb, and no changes in the 86Rb distribution between 6 and 12 s. Tissue plasma flow (TPF) as measured by 86Rb in ml/min per g was 3.88 +/- 0.22 (SE) (142% of RPF/g kidney wt) for cortex 1 (outermost), 3.90 +/- 0.21 for cortex 2, 3.26 +/- 0.14 for cortex 3 (P less than 0.025), 2.17 for cortex 4 (P less than 0.001), 1.34 for cortex-medulla junction (P less than 0.001), and 0.88 +/- 0.07 for outer stripe (P less than 0.001). Peritubular capillary plasma flow, derived as TPF minus GRF/g in each slice, fell progressively from cortex 1 to outer stripe. This is thought to represent lower perfusion rate of "medullary rays."     

单侧输尿管梗阻肾间质纤维化模型大鼠与川芎嗪的干预

背景：肾间质纤维化与组织基质金属蛋白酶2和金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2表达失衡有关。 目的：建立单侧输尿管梗阻肾纤维化模型,观察川芎嗪治疗后肾间质病理变化及肾组织组织基质金属蛋白酶2和金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2的表达变化。 方法：24只雌性SD大鼠分为3组,除假手术组外,模型组及川芎嗪组均在无菌条件下行左侧输尿管结扎建立单侧输尿管梗阻模型,川芎嗪组于术前1 d开始灌胃给药,40 mg/(kg•d),1次/d,连续2周。术后14 d处死各组大鼠,留取梗阻侧肾组织行苏木精-伊红染色和Masson染色以观察肾组织病理改变,免疫组化和反转录-聚合酶链反应方法检测肾组织基质金属蛋白酶2、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2的表达水平。 结果与结论：川芎嗪组可明显减轻肾小管的扩张和萎缩,减轻肾间质纤维组织增生及炎性细胞浸润。与假手术组相比,模型组基质金属蛋白酶2、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2蛋白和mRNA基因表达均明显增加(P < 0.01);川芎嗪组上述物质表达较模型组明显减少(P < 0.01)。提示川芎嗪通过下调基质金属蛋白酶2、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子2的表达,从而改善单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠的肾间质纤维化。     

p27和TGF-β在大鼠肾间质纤维化中的表达及关系

目的:研究单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠肾组织p27的表达, 同时观察TGF-βmRNA在各组的变化, 探讨UUO模型中 TGF-β与p27的关系.方法:60只SD大鼠随机分成假手术组(SOR)、 UUO模型组.于术后第7、 14、 21天分别处死各组大鼠10只.用HE染色动态观察肾脏病理变化, 免疫组织化学法测定p27的蛋白表达及动态变化, RT-PCR法测定p27mRNA和TGF-βmRNA的水平.结果:SOR组肾小管上皮细胞p27蛋白及肾皮质p27mRNA的表达均强, UUO组随着间质纤维化程度的加重, p27的表达逐渐减弱, 而TGF-βmRNA随着肾间质纤维化程度的加重, 其表达呈上升趋势;UUO组TGF-βmRNA与p27mRNA成负相关.结论:p27参与了UUO大鼠肾间质纤维化的发病过程;UUO大鼠肾间质纤维化模型中TGF-β促纤维化机制可能与p27的下调相关.     

Transitory inner medullary nerve terminals in the cat kidney

An indirect immunohistochemical method was used to visualize nerves immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (THI) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBHI) in kidney sections of cats 6 weeks and 2 and 3 months of age. THI and DBHI nerve terminals innervate the renal pelvis, interlobar veins and arterial tree including medullary vascular bundles of cats of each age studied. In kidneys of 6-week-old cats, THI and DBHI axons form elaborate plexuses that are distributed throughout much of the inner medulla, whereas some medullary axons appear to degenerate at 2 months and no inner medullary plexuses were visualized in 3-month-old cats. Transitory inner medullary nerves in the cat kidney may influence cellular development and play a role in salt and water balance.     

单侧输尿管梗阻后小鼠肾脏环氧化酶-2的表达及其意义

目的：观察环氧化酶-2（COX－2）在单侧输尿管梗阻小鼠梗阻肾脏内的表达情况,探讨COX-2在炎性肾脏疾病中清理生理作用。方法：利用阿-PCR检测了COX－2在小鼠单侧输尿管梗阻后4h、24h、72h、sd和7d的表达变化并采用PAS染色观察上述各时间点的肾组织病理改变。结果：单侧输尿管梗阻术后4h肾皮质中的COX－2的表达开始增高,72h达到高峰。术后第一天肾间质中可见少量炎细胞浸润,第3d明显增多,第7d达到高峰。结论：本研究提示COX－2的过度表达很可能是单侧输尿管便用后肾内炎细胞浸润和积聚的起站或促进因素之一。