CT定位经皮头颅钻孔血肿碎吸术治疗高血压性脑出血

本文报告了65例高血压性脑出血,用作者改进的管内血肿碎吸器,CT定位后经皮头颅钻孔血肿碎吸术治疗,与内科保守治疗50例进行配对对照研究.结果发现, 病情分型属轻,中型者,抽吸组病死率明显低于保守组(P<0.01),治愈好转率亦明显高于保守组(P<0.01);病情分型属重型者,两组病死率无显著差异,而治愈好转率抽吸组明显高于保守组(P<0.01).     

微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血40例临床观察

目的对微创清除术与常规保守内科治疗高血压脑出血的疗效进行比较分析。方法80例高血压脑出血患者随机分为治疗组（微创清除术）及对照组（保守治疗组）各40例,观察比较两组患者的有效率及血肿清除情况。结果治疗组总有效率为72．5％,对照组总有效率为42．5％,两组总有效率比较,有显著性差异（x2=4．356,P〈0．05）。治疗组血肿清除时间明显短于对照组,ADL分级也明显优于对照组,差异有显著性（P〈O．05）。结论微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血的有效率较高,正确掌握高血压脑出血的手术适应证,可以降低疾病的病死率,提高治疗的成功率。     

两种手术方法治疗高血压基底节区脑出血的疗效比较

目的 比较分析两种手术方法治疗高血压基底节区脑出血的疗效.方法 选择出血量大于30ml,无脑疝发生的高血压基底节区脑出血病人68例,分别采取小骨窗开颅术及穿刺抽吸引流术治疗.对照组24例,为同期不同意手术治疗的脑出血患者,给予常规内科保守治疗.结果 两组手术患者的有效率、功能恢复情况、病死率均优于保守治疗组,而再出血率、急性期并发症的发生率无明显差异.两种手术组间的再出血率、有效率、平均住院时间、功能恢复情况、急性期并发症的发生率及病死率比较均无显著性差异.结论 小骨窗开颅及穿刺抽吸术治疗高血压基底节区脑出血的疗效相当,临床中可根据情况选择手术方法.     

立体定向微创术治疗脑出血的临床应用

目的探讨立体定向技术与微创颅内血肿清除术相结合,提高脑出血治疗的临床疗效。方法在CT引导下,采用简易脑立体定位尺,确定头颅穿刺点后,应用YL-1型颅内血肿粉碎穿刺针和生化酶技术,对颅内血肿进行冲洗、液化,引流清除血肿治疗脑出血82例,并与保守组、手术组各60例比较。术后复查CT观察穿刺方向误差、血肿清除量。结果3组治疗前后神经功能缺损评分比较有显著性差异（F=4．78—5．5,P〈0．01—0．05）。微创组治疗后第7、14、21天,神经功能缺损评分与手术组和保守组比较明显减少,有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。保守组与手术组比较,无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。微创组总有效率87．25％,与手术组51％和保守组43％比较有显著性差异。微创组病死率8．82％,与手术组23．33％和保守组30％比较有显著性差异。60％的患者首次抽吸血肿量达50％-90％,80％的患者3—7天血肿清除量达90％以上,其余均在2周内吸收。结论立体定向微创术,定位穿刺准确,提高了微创术的成功率,加快了血肿清除速度及神经功能的恢复,降低了病死率,降低了医疗费用,便于各级医院推广应用。     

微剂量肝素治疗婴幼儿重症肺炎32例临床观察

报告婴幼儿重症肺炎６０例，随机分两组：对照组２８例，用常规治疗方法；治疗组３２例，加用微剂量肝素辅助治疗，剂量为０．１～０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ·次，每１２小时一次，行静脉注射。结果治疗组无一例发生弥漫性血管内凝血（ＤＩＣ），对照组有４例发生ＤＩＣ。治疗组有效率为９０．６％，病死率为９．４％；对照组有效率为７８．６％，病死率为２１．４％，两组比较无显著性差异。存活病例治疗组的临床症状、体征改善时间及平均住院时间比对照组缩短，两者有高度显著性差异。提示微剂量肝素佐治婴幼儿重症肺炎有一定的疗效     

微创粉碎清除术治疗高血压脑出血80例

目的探讨颅内血肿微创粉碎清除术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效。方法选择130例高血压脑出血患者,其中80例为治疗组,50例为对照组,治疗组根据CT片三维立体定位,确定穿刺点,应用微侵袭技术,采用YL-1型血肿穿刺针进行定位钻孔抽吸冲洗引流术,同时给予控制血压、降颅压、营养脑细胞及防治并发症等治疗,对照组采用内科保守治疗。结果治疗组总有效率78.75%,病死率15.00%,神经功能缺损改善差值为22±0.89,对照组总有效率42.00%,病死率40.00%,神经功能缺损改善差值为13.4±0.73,两组相比,总有效率和神经功能缺损改善差值差异有显著性(P<0.01),病死率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论颅内血肿微创粉碎清除术是一种安全,操作简便、迅速,有效,有利于高龄、危重患者的救治术。值得推广。     

抗氧化剂治疗新生儿吸入性肺炎的探讨

将１６６例新生儿吸入性肺炎随机分为抗氧化剂治疗组及对照组。治疗组早期应用（生后１２小时内）抗氧化剂ＶＣ、ＶＥ及复方丹参治疗。结果显示，两组临床疗效有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），治疗组的并发症总发生率及重症肺炎病死率较对照组明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），提示抗氧化剂治疗对逆转病情，改善预后有重要影响。     

高血压脑出血微创治疗及早期康复的临床探讨

目的:探讨微创颅内血肿清除术在高血压脑出血治疗中的优越性及其神经功能早期康复的疗效。方法:将74例高血压脑出血患者分为治疗组与对照组。治疗组:治疗组36例,在内科治疗基础上行CT片定位法微创颅内血肿清除术;对照组:内科保守治疗组38例。比较两组患者治疗后的有效率、病死率和治疗前后神经功能缺损评分。结果:对照组有效率为44.7%,病死率为21.1%,治疗组有效率88.9%,病死率为5.6%。两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。比较两组术后神经功能缺损评分也有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:微创颅内血肿清除术在高血压脑出血治疗中能提高有效率、降低病死率,结合早期康复治疗能促进神经功能恢复。     

谷参肠安与思密达治疗溃疡性结肠炎的比较

对谷参肠安和思密达治疗溃疡性结肠炎的临床疗效进行对比观察。６９例溃疡性结肠炎随机分为两组,治疗组３６例口服谷参肠安,对照组３３例口服思密达,观察比较两组疗效。结果：治疗组和对照组的显效率和总有效率及随访半年的有效率分别为５５．６％、８６．１％、８０．６％和３０．３％、７２．７％、５７．６％,经统计学处理,两组显效率差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）,总有效率差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）,而随访半年后的总有效率则差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）,表明谷参肠安治疗溃疡性结肠炎优于思密达,且无明显副作用,安全方便。     

老年急性肠梗阻保守治疗与手术治疗疗效比较

目的：探讨老年急性肠梗阻保守治疗与手术治疗的疗效。方法：回顾性我院2013年1月至2014年6月收治的老年急性肠梗阻患者95例,患者根据病情采用保守治疗（ A组）与手术治疗,其中在保守治疗48 h内无效改为手术治疗为B组、48 h后由保守治疗改为手术治疗为C组, A组患给予胃肠减压、维持水、电解质及酸碱平衡、胃管注入石蜡油、肠外营养支持治疗等保守治疗,B组和C组患者根据病情采用手术疗法,记录并比较两组患者经过治疗后肠坏死情况、死亡病例数、恢复时间及临床疗效。结果：A组肠坏死率差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;三组间病死率差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）;A组日后时间均明显短于B和C组,且B组日后时间短于C 组,差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;A组经过治疗后总有效率为97．5％、B组患者有效率为93．3％、C组患者有效率为92．0％,三组间总有效率差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论：老年急性肠梗阻要根据患者病情采取合适的治疗方案,以期取得较好临床疗效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.