老年人健康自测

一、日常生活能力自测，二、独立生活能力自测，三、高层次活动能力自测。     

南阳市城区老年人健康促进生活方式现况调查

[目的]了解南阳市城区老年人健康促进生活方式的现状。[方法]采用方便抽样的方法抽取南阳市社区465位老人为调查对象,采用Walker等人设计的健康促进生活量表Ⅱ(Health-promoting lifestyle profile Ⅱ,HPLP-Ⅱ)进行调查。[结果]465位老年人健康促进生活方式量表总得分为131.84。各分量表经标准化排序以营养为最高,其次为自我实现、人际关系、健康职责、压力处理,体育运动得分最低。南阳市老年人的健康促进生活方式有56.99%在良好及以上水平。[结论]南阳市老年人的健康促进生活方式处于中等水平,其中营养水平最高,其次为自我实现、人际关系、健康职责、压力处理,而体育运动得分水平最低。     

成都市老年人健康促进生活方式和影响因素研究

目的 研究老年人健康促进生活方式现状及其影响因素。方法 采用健康促进生活方式量表-Ⅱ(Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile - Ⅱ,HPLP - Ⅱ)对432名60岁以上老年人的生活方式现状进行调查。结果 老年人健康促进生活方式量表平均得分为(123.84±19.36)分。各分量表得分依次为:人际关系(21.73±4.09)分、营养(23.03±4.31)分、压力应付(16.96±4.74)分、自我实现(18.58±4.19)分、运动锻炼(19.95±3.56)分和健康责任(23.60±4.25)分。不同性别、年龄、居住地、婚姻状况和受教育程度的老年人健康促进生活方式水平差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 成都市社区老年人的健康促进生活方式在老年人群中处于中等水平,性别、年龄、居住地、受教育情况和婚姻状况都是健康促进生活方式的影响因素。     

农村慢性病老年人自我忽视与健康促进生活方式的相关性研究

目的 探讨农村慢性病老年人自我忽视（ESN）与健康促进生活方式(HPL)的现状及关系，为促进农村老年人的健康行为方式提供理论依据。方法 采用多阶段分层抽样的方法，在四川省德阳市、泸州市、广元市抽取719名农村慢性病老年人，采用一般资料调查表、农村老年人自我忽视量表、健康促进生活方式修订版调查量表进行问卷调查，运用多元线性回归分析探究ESN与HPL之间的关系。结果 共发放问卷785份，有效回收719份，有效回收率为91.6%。ESN得分为9(5,13)，筛查出28.9%的的老年人有ESN；HPL得分为91(80,105)，HPL水平差和一般的占比分别为7.5%、56.5%。分层多元线性回归分析结果显示在去除混杂因素（年龄段、文化程度、个人月收入、疼痛、自评健康状况、共患病）后，老年自我忽视可负相预测农村慢性病老年人的健康促进生活方式水平［β=-0.40,95%CI(-1.31,-0.94),P＜0.001］。结论 老年自我忽视可能是农村慢性病患者健康促进生活生活方式的独立危险因素，提示卫生服务人员重视农村慢性病老年人的ESN并加强对ESN的筛查。     

日本老年人的健康教育与健康促进

日本是全球人口老龄化程度最高的国家之一,对老年人的健康教育和保健促进非常关注。从以往的两次国民健康运动到“黄金计划”、“新黄金计划”和2000年开始实施的介护保险制度以及“健康日本21”,都强调老年人健康教育和和健康促进的重要性。“健康日本21”更是详细地列出了明确的健康教育和健康促进的量化目标。综观日本在老年人健康教育和健康促进方面的成就和当前的战略计划,其中一些经验和做法值得即将同样面临人口老龄化的我国借鉴和参考。     

日本老年人的健康教育与健康促进

日本是全球人口老龄化程度最高的国家之一,对老年人的健康教育和健康促进非常关注 .从以往的两次国民健康运动到"黄金计划"、"新黄金计划"和2000年开始实施的介护保险制度以及"健康日本21",都强调老年人健康教育和健康促进的重要性."健康日本21"更是详细地列出了明确的健康教育和健康促进的量化目标.综观日本在老年人健康教育和健康促进方面的成就和当前的战略计划,其中一些经验和做法值得即将同样面临人口老龄化的我国借鉴和参考.     

老年人健康状况与健康促进策略

我国是世界上老年人口绝对数最多的国家，又是世界上老龄化速度最快的国家之一。预计2050年我国老年人口总数约占世界人口总数的1／4，将成为世界老龄大国。随着健康观念的转变，人们对健康的追求不再仅仅限于没有疾病和寿命的延长，而是更关注生活质量的提高，追求身体、精神和社会适应的完好状态。因此，如何保护和促进老年人的健康，提高其生活质量，显得日益重要，并且成为当前社区护理的重要课题。     

老年人健康素养与促进策略研究

我国老龄化进程日益加深,提升健康素养水平是实现全民健康的前提,也是促进健康老龄化的重要策略和措施.全国居民健康素养监测项目显示老年人健康素养处于较低水平,老龄健康问题形势严峻.本文从老龄化视角出发,结合近年来老年人健康素养相关研究,对我国老年人健康素养水平、健康素养常见影响因素,以及老年人健康素养促进策略等方面展开论述...     

护理人员自测健康状况的研究

[目的]了解护理人员健康状况，获取定量化的健康信息，为促进其健康提供依据。[方法]随机抽取4所综合医院临床护理人员713人，应用自测健康评定量表（SRHMSV1.0）进行测评，并进行统计分析。[结果]护理人员自测健康状况在年龄、婚姻、流产次数等方面存在差异。护理人员患慢性疾病和妇科疾病、对岗位工作不满意、自感工作压力大、有离岗意向等对其健康影响突出。[结论]护理人员自测健康与国内相关研究具有一致性，自测健康量表对健康的评价客观、全面、有效，并充分考虑评价对象的主观感受与期望，能用于对护理人员的健康评价与健康监测。护理人员的整体健康水平有待提高，应注重其职业危害因素的影响，积极开展职业健康保护与健康促进。     

老年人心理健康自测

对老年人来说，心理上的不健康，会引起生理上的疾病。那么，老年人的心理是否健康，可以自测，标准如下：     

健康生态学视角下我国60岁及以上老年人自评健康的影响因素研究

目的 基于健康生态学视角,探讨我国60岁及以上老年人群自评健康的影响因素。方法 采用横断面调查的方法,以CHARLS 2015的387例60岁以上老年人为研究对象。采用logistic回归分析老年人自评健康的影响因素。结果 老年人自评健康比例仅28.2%。童年健康状况不好（OR=2.928, 95%CI: 2.298~3.826）、住宅商用（OR=1.528, 95%CI: 1.024~2.281）、居住地为农村（OR=1.467, 95%CI: 1.164~1.85）、夜间睡眠时间（OR=0.862, 95%CI: 0.828~0.91）、饮酒（OR=0.735, 95%CI: 0.583~0.927）、戒酒（OR=1.862, 95%CI: 1.301~2.665）、人际交往（OR=0.791, 95%CI: 0.651~0.962）、工作类型非农业（OR=0.608, 95%CI: 0.44~0.84）、住房有洗澡设施（OR=0.817, 95%CI: 0.669~0.999）与老年人自评健康有关。结论 需要将老年健康干预时间前移,并从个体到环境因素加强对老年健康的干预。     

拉萨地区藏族人群生活行为方式与自评健康状况的关联研究

目的 探讨拉萨地区藏族人群自评健康状况与常见生活行为方式暴露的关联,以期为该人群的健康促进工作提供依据.方法 选取国家重点研发计划"西南区域自然人群队列"中拉萨地区藏族人群作为研究对象,以面对面电子问卷调查方式收集自评健康状况,采用全环境关联研究(EWAS)方法,全面探讨生活行为方式因素与自评健康状况的关联.结果 6 ...     

A Japanese language version of the health-promoting lifestyle profile

The development and initial psychometric evaluation of a Japanese version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) is described. The 52-item instrument was translated into Japanese and was found to be culturally relevant and reliable in a pilot study. The Japanese version was then administered to adiverse but predominantly Japanese group of 337 subjects residing in northern Japan. The Japanese version of the HPLP II was evaluated using factor analysis and reliability measurement. Six factors similar to those isolated previously during psychometric assessment of the English language version were extracted. Those six dimensions comprise the HPLP II subscales of: 1. Health responsibility, 2. Spiritual growth, 3. Physical activity, 4. Interpersonal relations, 5. Nutrition, and 6. Stress management. The alpha reliability coefficient for the total scale was 0.94 and the 2-week retest reliability was 0.91; the alpha coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.70 to 0.87. The Japanese language version of the HPLP II appears to have sufficient validity and reliability for use by researchers who wish to describe the health-promoting components of lifestyle among the Japanese population and to explore differences and similarities in the health-promoting lifestyle of Japanese and American subjects or those of other ethnic groups. Further evaluations of measurement with different populations appears warranted. This instrument will enable researchers to investigate patterns and determinants of health-promoting lifestyle, as well as the effects of interventions to alter the lifestyle.     

Determinants of health-promoting lifestyle in ambulatory cancer patients

The Health Promotion Model was tested as an explanatory framework for health-promoting lifestyle in a sample of 385 ambulatory cancer patients undergoing treatment in 13 clinical sites in the midwestern United States. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which cognitive/perceptual and modifying variables identified in the Health Promotion Model explain the occurrence of health-promoting behaviors in adults with cancer. A secondary aim was to determine the potential of illness-specific cognitive/perceptual and modifying variables for further explaining the occurrence of health-promoting behaviors in adults with cancer. Multiple regression analyses revealed that 23.5% of the variance in health-promoting lifestyle was explained by the model cognitive/perceptual variables definition of health, perceived health status and perceived control of health and the modifying variables education, income, age and employment. When illness-specific variables were included in the analysis, initial reaction to the diagnosis of cancer was found to be a significant contributor to the regression. Study results support the importance of both general health-related and cancer-specific cognitive/perceptual factors in explaining the occurrence of health-enhancing behaviors among ambulatory cancer patients; these factors may therefore be suitable targets for interventions to encourage adoption of healthy lifestyles.     

A health monitoring system for elderly people living alone

We have developed a health monitoring system for elderly people living alone. We monitored the in-house movements of eight subjects (average age 81 years) by placing infrared sensors in each room of their homes. Because their movements were unrestricted, monitoring could last longer than other forms of monitoring. Continuous monitoring was performed for 80 months in total. We found that each subject had a specific pattern of movements. We estimated their health condition by comparing the duration of stays in specific rooms, such as the lavatory, with previously recorded data. If after analysis an unusual state was detected, we informed the family of the incident. Final decisions should be made by the family members, not automatically by computer software. For example, after contacting the subject or a neighbour by telephone, family members could call for an ambulance or arrange a visit by a doctor or home help. Thus, this system reduced anxiety for both the elderly subjects living alone and their family members.     

Economic rationality and health and lifestyle choices for people with diabetes

Economic rationality is traditionally represented by goal-oriented, maximising behaviour, or 'instrumental rationality'. Such a consequentialist, instrumental model of choice is often implicit in a biomedical approach to health promotion and education. The research reported here assesses the relevance of a broader conceptual framework of rationality, which includes 'procedural' and 'expressive' rationality as complements to an instrumental model of rationality, in a health context. Q methodology was used to derive 'factors' underlying health and lifestyle choices, based on a factor analysis of the results of a card sorting procedure undertaken by 27 adult respondents with type 2 diabetes in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. These factors were then compared with the rationality framework and the appropriateness of an extended model of economic rationality as a means of better understanding health and lifestyle choices was assessed. Taking a wider rational choice perspective, choices which are rendered irrational within a narrow-biomedical or strictly instrumental model, can be understood in terms of a coherent rationale, grounded in the accounts of respondents. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of rational choice theory and diabetes management and research.     

Trust, self-rated health and mortality: a longitudinal study among ageing people in Southern Finland

Poor self-rated health (SRH) predicts mortality significantly. High trust has been shown to associate with better SRH in cross-sectional studies and survival in longitudinal studies. However, little is known about the associations between trust, SRH and mortality among ageing people. The present study examined whether low trust at the baseline predicted higher all-cause mortality in a follow-up of over five years among ageing people, and whether the trust to mortality relationship varied by SRH. The study used longitudinal, questionnaire-based survey data gathered in 2002 (n = 2815; 66%) among three age cohorts (born in 1926-30, 1936-40 and 1946-50) living in the Lahti region, Southern Finland. Two survey follow-ups were done, the first in 2005 (n = 2476, 60%) and the second in 2008 (n = 2064, 73%). Deaths during the follow-up were obtained from the covering National Population Registry. Those who died within the first one year of follow-up were excluded from the analyses to reduce potential bias due to early deaths. Cox proportional hazard models were used to derive the results. Mortality proved to be higher among men with low trust, even if their SRH had been good at the baseline. Among women, no significant associations were found. The risk attenuated after adjustment for background health-related covariates, but the gradient remained statistically significant in all models. Initial SRH did not substantially explain the gradient of trust in mortality among men. Moreover, a Sobel test of indirect effects showed that SRH had no significant mediating role in links between trust and mortality. Thus, low trust is a sensitive indicator of higher mortality risk among ageing men.     

A prospective study of health, life-style and psychosocial predictors of self-rated health

The aim of this study was to investigate what psychosocial predictors, life-style factors and health behaviors in early adulthood are of importance for self-ratings of health after the age of 45. Like-sexed adult twins born 1926–1950 (n = 16,080) from the Swedish Twin Registry that participated in a questionnaire in 1973 and in a telephone interview conducted between 1998 and 2002 were included. Exposure data was collected in 1973 and information on self-rated health and covariates was collected at the second contact 25 years later. Logistic regression using Generalized Estimating Equations was used to evaluate the associations. Conditional logistic regression was used to control for familial and genetic effects in the sample. Pain, lack of exercise, smoking, obesity, unemployment, perceived stress and personality are associated with future poor self-rated health, after controlling for age, sex, illness, education and socio-economic status. Familial and genetic effects influence the associations between recurrent headache, exercise, obesity, and poor self-rated health. Overall, these findings provide support for long-term effects of health behavior and psychosocial risk factors on poor self-ratings of health, beyond the influence of obvious health consequences such as disorders or illnesses. Genetic and familial factors are of importance only for some of these associations.     

Associated factors of health-promoting lifestyle of the elderly based on the theory of social ecosystem

ObjectTo explore the factors related to health-promoting lifestyles of the elderly based on social-ecosystem theory.DesignA cross-sectional survey study was carried out to include 627 elderly people in communities in three cities of Hebei Province (Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, and Zhangjiakou) from October 2021 to January 2022 for questionnaire survey (601 validly returned cases).VenueThree cities of Hebei Province (Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, and Zhangjiakou).Participants627 elderly people.InterventionsA cross-sectional survey study.Main measurementsThe questionnaire survey was conducted by using the general demographic data, health promotion life scale, frailty scale, general self-efficacy scale, health engagement scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, The family Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve scale, and Perceived Social Support Scale.ResultsThe total health promotion lifestyle score for the elderly was 100.20 ± 16.21, which was at the lower limit of the good level, with the highest mean score for nutrition (2.71 ± 0.51) and the lowest mean score for physical activity (2.25 ± 0.56). Stepwise linear regression showed that exercise frequency (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.304–3.885), smoking status (95% CI −4.190 to −1.556), self-efficacy (95% CI 0.071–0.185), health management (95% CI 0.306–0.590), frailty (95% CI −3.327 to −1.162) in the microsystem, marital status (95% CI 0.677–3.660), children's attention to the elderly health (95% CI 4.866–11.305), family care in the mesosystem (95% CI 1.365–4.968), and pre-retirement occupation (95% CI 2.065–3.894), living area (95% CI 0.813–3.912), whether receive community-based chronic disease prevention and management services (95% CI 2.035–8.149), social support (95% CI 1.667–6.493) in the macrosystem were the main factors affecting health promotion of life in the elderly (P < 0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis showed the microsystem accounted for 17.2%, the mesosystem accounted for 7.1%, and the macrosystem accounted for 11.4%.ConclusionThe health promotion lifestyle of the elderly in Hebei Province was at the lower limit of good level. Among them, exercise frequency, children's attention to the elderly health, and pre-retirement occupation played a major role in relation to the health-promoting lifestyle of the elderly. Hence, it needs the joint action of individuals, families, and society to promote the elderly to adopt the health promotion lifestyle and realize healthy aging.