西宁地区儿童甲型H1N1流感血清抗体水平调查

目的:了解流行期西宁地区儿童甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体水平的变化趋势和特点。方法:在青海省儿童医院随机选择就诊儿童747例,采集静脉血进行甲型H1N1流感血清抗体水平检测和分析。结果:调查期间儿童总体阳性率为42.97%,GMT水平为1∶23.92。疫苗接种人群的阳性率和GMT水平为93.75%和1∶54.33,明显高于未接种疫苗人群的36.88%和1∶19.83。非疫苗免疫儿童中,9～岁、12～岁年龄组抗体阳性率和GMT水平最高,0～岁年龄组最低,并且随年龄增长呈增高趋势(P<0.01)。结论:经过流行期后,西宁地区儿童已经形成一定的保护屏障,但婴幼儿保护性抗体比例仍然较低,提示该人群是今后甲型H1N1流感重点保护的对象。     

兰州地区普通人群甲型H1N1流感血清抗体调查

目的了解兰州地区普通人群甲型H1N1流感的血清抗体水平,为进一步制定甲型H1N1流感防控措施提供参考依据。方法随机选择甘肃省兰州市5家医院门诊就诊人群和血站献血人员共421人,采静脉血检测甲型H1N1流感血清抗体水平进行分析。结果调查对象甲型H1N1流感血清总抗体阳性率为10.45%,接种疫苗组人群阳性率为42.86%,未接种疫苗组人群阳性率为8.14%;0～5岁、18～55岁、56岁及以上年龄组人群阳性率分别为11.76%、8.85%和2.83%,6～17岁年龄组人群阳性率为19.00%。结论兰州地区普通人群对甲型H1N1流感的感染率较低,6～17岁年龄组人群阳性率较其他年龄组高。     

西安市甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况调查

[目的]调查西安市区不同人群中甲型H1N1流感抗体水平,及时了解甲型H1N1流感病毒的感染状况.[方法]选取市内两个区,选定5个年龄组的1500人为调查对象,采用国家统一的调查表进行调查并采血.国家疾控中心统一用血凝抑制方法对血清标本进行甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体检测,抗体效价1:40判为阳性.[结果]实际共调查1508人,其中甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率为29.38%,抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)为25.29,6～15与16～24岁组抗体阳性率最高.男性人群抗体阳性率高于女性(χ2=6.90,P<0.05).接种甲流疫苗后人群抗体阳性率为62.90%,明显高于未接种疫苗人群的22.78%(χ2=168.01,P<0.001).[结论]我市人群甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体水平不到30%,接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗可显著提高人群的保护率.接种疫苗对于防控可能造成新的暴发流行的甲型H1N1流感仍然有效.     

安徽省甲型H1N1流感抗体水平调查

目的了解安徽省不同人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平,为防控措施的制定提供依据。方法 2010年1月10～25日期间,采取分层随机抽样的方法抽取4 567名调查对象,进行问卷调查,并运用血清抗凝实验方法检测甲型H1N1流感抗体水平。结果全人群抗体阳性率为29.41%,未接种疫苗人群抗体阳性率为23.94%;全人群中,省会城市抗体阳性率高于中小城市,中小城市高于农村;在全人群和未接种疫苗的人群中,6～岁和16～岁年龄组抗体阳性率较高,60岁及以上组抗体阳性率最低,中小学生抗体阳性率最高,其次是幼托儿童和医护人员。结论人群中甲型H1N1流感免疫屏障尚未建立,目前仍需加强疫苗接种和疫情监测。     

2010年兵团甲型H1N1流感血清学检测结果分析

目的:了解兵团2010年自然人群新甲型H1N1流感抗体水平及流行趋势。方法:利用血凝抑制(HI)试验方法检测兵团不同时间、人群新甲型H1N1流感抗体,比较不同时间、人群的新甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率。结果:从1月-3月不同时间的检测,甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率随着时间推移总体呈现下降趋势,依次为16.7%、15.6%、5.0和4.6%,差别有统计学意义。不同年龄组人群的甲型H1N1抗体阳性率差别较大,7岁～17岁年龄组最高(35.0%),不同年龄组抗体阳性率(P)差别有统计学意义。不同年龄组人群接种甲型H1N1疫苗后抗体阳性率差别无统计学意义。结论:兵团有10.2%的人群具有甲型H1N1流感保护性抗体,普通人群中已经建立一定的免疫屏障。7岁～17岁人群是新甲型H1N1流感暴发的主要人群,应重点防控。     

西安市2010年健康人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况分析

目的调查西安市区健康人群的甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况以及甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体水平,为预防和控制疫情提供依据。方法选取西安市内两个区,划分5个年龄组,每次至少选1500人为调查对象,采用国家统一的调查表进行调查并采血。国家疾控中心统一用血凝抑制方法对血清标本进行甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体检测,抗体效价1︰40判断为阳性。结果 3次共调查4495人,合计甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率为29.28%,抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)为13.70。6～15与16～24岁组抗体阳性率最高。男性人群抗体阳性率高于女性(χ2=4.78,P﹤0.05)。接种甲流疫苗后人群抗体阳性率为58.84%,明显高于未接种疫苗人群的26.99%(χ2=286.11,P﹤0.001)。结论该市健康人群的甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体水平不到30%,接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗可提高人群的保护率。     

顺义区普通人群甲型H1N1流感血清流行病学调查

目的了解顺义区普通人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平。方法在2010年1月-2011年4月期间,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法四次共抽取顺义区3153名调查对象进行问卷调查,并采集血清,利用血凝抑制法检测人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平。结果人群甲型H1N1抗体总阳性率为33．2％,平均抗体滴度为1：15．3,抗体阳性者滴度水平集中在1：40～1：320,占总阳性数的41．4％。2010年1月、3-4月、7—8月和2011年3-4月四个时阎点人群抗体阳性率和抗体几何平均滴度（GMT）依次为34．6％（1：16．3）、43．5％（1：21．1）、27．7％（1：13．3）和26．6％（1：11．8）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。除0～5岁年龄组外,不同时间点年龄、地区和性别人群抗体阳性率和GMT差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;不同时间点各年龄组间抗体阳性率、GMT度水平差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;流感疫苗接种和甲型H1N1抗体阳性率间存在相关性,可增加抗体阳性率。结论顺义区已有33％的人群具有甲型H1N1流感病毒保护性抗体,但抗体滴度水平较低,仅有一定的免疫保护屏障,接种流感疫苗是甲型H1N1抗体的保护性因素,应加大宣传力度,提高免疫接种率。     

北京市顺义区健康人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平及其疫苗免疫效果

目的了解北京市顺义区健康人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平,评价甲型H1N1流感疫苗免疫效果,为卫生部门制定预防控制措施和策略提供依据。方法随机选取顺义区12个乡街的5岁以上健康人群(202名)采集免疫前静脉血检测抗体,评估健康人群抗体水平;接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后,各年龄组随机选取部分人群做免疫后抗体水平检测,评估疫苗免疫效果。结果 202份血清标本中甲型H1N1流感抗体水平阳性率46.53%(94/202),与北京市人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平检测结果差异有统计学意义。抗体几何平均滴度倒数(GMRT)为32.78。不同性别人群之间甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义,不同年龄组之间抗体水平阳性率差异有统计学意义,25~29岁、10~14岁组抗体水平阳性率高。50名评估对象免疫前抗体阳性率50%(25/50),免疫后抗体阳性率94%(47/50),甲型H1N1流感抗体阳转率80%(30/50)。免疫前阴性和阳性评估对象之间抗体阳转率差异有统计学意义。评估对象总体抗体滴度呈6倍增高,各年龄组免疫前、后抗体GMRT的变化之间差异有统计学意义,25~29岁、60岁以上组滴度升高倍数最低。结论顺义区甲型H1N1流感实际感染数高于北京市甲型H1N1流感平均感染水平。疫苗接种使目标人群达到了形成该样本人群免疫屏障的要求,提示在甲型H1N1流感大流行之际接种疫苗是控制疫情的必要手段。免疫前抗体水平、年龄是甲型H1N1流感抗体阳转率的影响因素。     

淄博市甲型H1N1流感感染状况的调查

目的了解淄博市不同人群甲型H1N1流感实际感染水平和动态变化趋势,为应对流感大流行,完善防控措施提供可靠依据。方法 2010年1月～9月期间,采取多阶段随机抽样方法抽取4500名调查对象,进行问卷调查,并采集血清利用血凝抑制方法检测甲型H1N1流感抗体水平。结果该市甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体阳性率为25.60%,自然感染率为21.09%,显性感染和隐性感染比例为1.97︰1;抗体阳性率以16～24和6～15岁年龄组最高,60岁以上年龄组最低;教师和学生阳性率最高,医务人员阳性率相对较低;第1次调查抗体阳性率最高,第3次调查最低,接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗半年后抗体阳性率为11.36%。结论甲型H1N1流感大流行期间,该市实际感染人数远远超过确诊病例数,学龄人群和年轻人是最大的感染群体,人群中存在无症状感染者,自然感染或接种疫苗后抗体水平随时间推移逐步下降。     

2010年长沙市甲型H1N1流感大流行血清学流行病学调查

目的掌握2010年长沙市甲流流行期间不同时点及人群甲型H1N1型流感血清流行病学特征。方法 2010年1月、3月、8月使用多阶段随机抽样方法在全市5个区,按照0~、6~、16~、25~和60~岁5个年龄组随机抽取一定数量的研究对象开展三次横断面调查,每次均对调查对象进行问卷调查,并采集静脉血进行甲型H1N1流感血凝抑制试验。结果 5个年龄组人群中,6~岁组和16~岁组甲流血清抗体阳性率都随着时间的推移呈现下降趋势,以6~岁组的下降幅度较大,其抗体滴度几何均数(GMT)下降幅度也较大。6个职业组人群中,学生和医务人员组甲流血清抗体阳性率都随着时间的推移呈现下降趋势,学生组下降幅度较大。不同性别间血清抗体阳性率和GMT差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。综合三次调查结果,接种甲流疫苗后,人群的甲流血清抗体阳性率达到55.53%,为未接种流感疫苗人群的2.15倍;抗体GMT达到44.62,为未接种甲流疫苗人群的3.74倍。结论 2010年长沙市甲流流行趋势趋于缓和,初步形成免疫屏障;学生和医务人员是感染甲流的高风险人群;接种甲流疫苗后人群有较高的抗体阳性率,但是抗体水平下降较快;接种甲流疫苗对人群有一定的保护作用,应加强对60岁及以上人群甲流疫苗的接种和补种。     

H1N1 vaccination

Early results (January to April) from the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey show that an estimated 41% of Canadians (excluding those in the territories) aged 12 or older had been vaccinated for H1N1 by April 2010. The percentages were higher in the Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Saskatchewan than in Canada overall. Relatively high percentages of females and people aged 45 or older were vaccinated; the percentage of immigrants who had done so was relatively low. Being in a priority group (health-care worker, having children younger than 5 in the household, or having a chronic condition that could increase the risk for complications from H1N1) increased the likelihood of vaccination. A history of seasonal flu vaccination and having a regular doctor were also associated with H1N1 vaccination. Nearly three-quarters of those who had not been vaccinated reported that they did not think it was necessary.     

被动吸烟与cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性对乳腺癌发病的影响

目的 探讨被动吸烟、cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性及其联合作用对乳腺癌发病的影响。方法 2014 - 2015年间,采用病例-对照研究方法,收集病例794例,对照805例。问卷调查收集研究对象信息。采用飞行质谱技术,进行cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因单核苷酸多态性分型检测。采用多因素非条件 logistic 回归,分析环境烟草烟雾暴露及cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的关系。结果 调整年龄、教育程度、家庭年总收入、职业、婚姻状况后,环境烟草烟雾暴露与gstp1基因多态性未发现协同作用。以环境烟草烟雾低暴露且携带 cyp1b1 rs1056836 C等位基因为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带 GG 基因在绝经前女性中乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 1.678,95%CI:1.039～2.711）。以环境烟草烟雾组合低暴露且携带sult1a1 rs9282861GG基因型为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带A等位基因绝经前乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 2.389,95%CI:1.157～4.931）,但交互作用系数无统计学意义。结论 环境烟草烟雾高暴露与cyp1b1 及sult1a1基因对乳腺癌发病风险可能存在协同作用,但尚扩大样本进行验证。     

Echo-AM1-1 encephaloscope]

A new miniature model of the A-mode ultrasonic echoencephaloscope, 0.88 MHz, has been developed and adopted to practical use in neurology. The device contains a detector for amplitude determination of echopulsation and curve (echopulsograms) recording. It is highly sensitive, cost-effective, which enhances the quality of rapid diagnosis of central nervous diseases, including those of vascular genesis, in in- and outpatient settings.     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后患甲型H1N1流感分析

目的 分析接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染的病例,探讨发病原因,为进一步提高疫苗预防效果提供参考依据.方法 对接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染148例,进行回顾性调查分析.结果 接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗11176例.发生甲型H1N1感染148例,感染率1.32%,其中1～14 d感染81例,感染率0.72%,＞15 d感染67例,感染率0.60%.结论 甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗是一种安全高效的疫苗,不足之处尚待进一步探讨、完善.     

NF1 gene and neurofibromatosis 1

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations of the NF1 gene, which is located at chromosome 17q11.2. NF1 is believed to be completely penetrant, but substantial variability in expression of features occurs. Diagnosis of NF1 is based on established clinical criteria. The presentation of many of the clinical features is age dependent. The average life expectancy of patients with NF1 is probably reduced by 10-15 years, and malignancy is the most common cause of death. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed NF1 ranges from 1/2,000 to 1/5,000 in most population-based studies. A wide variety of NF1 mutations has been found in patients with NF1, but no frequently recurring mutation has been identified. Most studies have not found an obvious relation between particular NF1 mutations and the resulting clinical manifestations. The variability of the NF1 phenotype, even in individuals with the same NF1 gene mutation, suggests that other factors are involved in determining the clinical manifestations, but the nature of these factors has not yet been determined. Laboratory testing for NF1 mutations is difficult. A protein truncation test is commercially available, but its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value have not been established. No general, population-based molecular studies of NF1 mutations have been performed. At this time, it appears that the benefits of population-based screening for clinical features of NF1 would not outweigh the costs of screening.     

GSTM1及GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对尿中1-羟基芘水平的影响

目的 研究GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对多环芳烃接触工人尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHP)水平的影响.方法 分别选取2个炼焦厂共447名多环芳烃职业接触工人(接触组)和某线材厂220名非职业接触工人(对照组)作为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-OHP水平,采用线性回归统计模型分析GSTM1和GSTT1缺失型及GSTP1 I105V位点的多态性对不同人群尿中1-OHP水平的修饰作用.结果 接触组工人尿中1-OHP浓度为4.61 μmol/mol Cr,明显高于对照组(0.34μmol/mol Cr),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触类别和吸烟分别是影响尿中1-OHP水平的主要因素,在控制各混杂因素的影响后,线性回归分析显示,接触组尿中1-OHP水平和GSTP1 I105V位点多态性有关(单基因分析,P=0.012;多基因分析,P=0.011),对总体样本,单基因模型和多基因模型均显示,尿中1-OHP水平可能和GSTT1缺失型多态有关(P=0.055),多基因交互作用分析显示,GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态对接触组尿中1-OHP水平具有交互作用.结论 谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)基因的多态性对接触多环芳烃工人尿中1-OHP水平有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretions in workers under different exposure levels. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven occupationally exposed workers from two coking plants and 220 control workers from a wire rod plant were genotyped to analyze the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-OHP excretions. Results The urinary 1-OHP concentration in exposed group was much higher than that in control group (4.61 vs 0.34 μmol/mol Cr, P＜0.05). Occupational exposure levels and cigarette smoking were of the dominating factors affecting 1-OHP excretions in urine. After controlling potential confounders, decreased excretion of urinary 1-OHP was associated with GSTP1 I105V AG + GG genotype in coke oven workers (single-gene model, P=0.012; multi-gene model, P=0.011 ) and with GSTT1 null type in the analysis including all subjects (P=0.055 in both single-gene and multi-gene models). GSTT1 and GSTP1 were interacted on the urinary concentrations of 1-OHP. Conclusion Urinary 1-OHP concentrations can be modified by GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, indicating that these genes are involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Co-circulation of pandemic 2009 H1N1, classical swine H1N1 and avian-like swine H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China

The pandemic A/H1N1 influenza viruses emerged in both Mexico and the United States in March 2009, and were transmitted efficiently in the human population. They were transmitted occasionally from humans to other mammals including pigs, dogs and cats. In this study, we report the isolation and genetic analysis of novel viruses in pigs in China. These viruses were related phylogenetically to the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans and pigs, which indicates that the pandemic virus is currently circulating in swine populations, and this hypothesis was further supported by serological surveillance of pig sera collected within the same period. Furthermore, we isolated another two H1N1 viruses belonging to the lineages of classical swine H1N1 virus and avian-like swine H1N1 virus, respectively. Multiple genetic lineages of H1N1 viruses are co-circulating in the swine population, which highlights the importance of intensive surveillance for swine influenza in China.