腺样体肥大3种不同手术方式的比较

目的:比较经鼻内镜腺样体切除术(TEA)、内镜辅助经口腺样体切除术(ETA)及传统的经口腔腺样体刮除术(TCA)的优缺点。方法:分析130例接受腺样体肥大手术患者的临床资料,比较3种术式的术后听力、夜间打鼾、鼻塞、鼻漏等症状恢复和腺样体残留等情况。结果:术后随访6~44个月,平均21.4个月。TCA术后鼻塞改善有效率显著低于ETA(P<0.05)。TCA术式中,有20例患者存在腺样体残留,其他两种术式无腺样体残留。结论:腺样体肥大的最佳手术方法为ETA,伴有鼻腔、鼻窦疾病者可行TEA。     

腺样体肥大四种手术方式比较

目的 总结138例腺样体肥大患者手术方式,评价四种手术方式的特点。方法 对138例腺样体肥大患者分别采用四种术式进行治疗,其中传统的腺样体刮除术20例(A组),腺样体刮除+鼻内镜下残余腺样体咬切术63例(B组),鼻内镜下腺样体切吸术25例(C组),鼻内镜下腺样体等离子融切术30例(D组),统计各组的治疗效果、腺样体残留率、并发症、手术时间、出血量等,比较不同术式的优缺点。结果 A组的有效率为90%,其余三组均达到100%;残留率以A组最高,为60%,D组残留率为6.67%,B、C两组无残留;共有4例术后出血(A组1例、B组2例、C组1例),鼻腔粘连共出现6例(B组4例,C组2例);在手术时间的比较上,A组和D组无显著性差异,B组和C组无显著性差异,其余两两比较均有显著性差异,即A组和D组在手术时间上优于B组和C组。在出血量的比较上, D组出血量最少,A组和B组次之,C组出血量最多。结论 传统的刮除术因残留率过高需摒弃;等离子融切术虽然手术时间短、出血少,但价格昂贵,可用于经济条件好、对失血要求高的患者;一般患者可选用腺样体刮除+鼻内镜下残余腺样体咬切术或鼻内镜下腺样体切吸术,相对而言前者更为简单易行,经济实惠。     

鼻内镜口腔途径选择性切除儿童肥大腺样体的手术技巧及疗效分析

目的 探讨鼻内镜下经口腔电动吸切选择性切除儿童肥大腺样体手术方式及疗效分析.方法 对有多种典型临床症状(包括打鼾、鼻塞、流脓涕、听力下降、口颌面部及生长发育畸形等)的56例腺样体肥大患儿,全麻下开口器撑开口腔并拉起软腭,经口腔插入70°鼻内镜显露鼻咽部肥大的腺样体,采用弯头正反向切割吸引刀头,明视下选择性吸切阻挡后鼻孔区的肥大腺样体部分,其余腺体组织保留,并与传统的盲刮法(79例)及鼻内镜下全切除法(25例)进行疗效比较.结果 本组全部患儿术后1～3天打鼾症状基本消失,未见术后并发症.手术创伤轻,出血少,患儿恢复快,经随访1～6个月,鼻部阻塞症状消失及明显改善49例(占87.5％),13例有耳部症状者治愈及明显好转者9例(占69.2％).而对照组盲刮法鼻症状改善有效率(62％),术后反应较重,出血较多;全切法有效率(84％),出血较多,术后反应较重.结论 采用鼻内镜经口明视下选择性吸切阻挡后鼻孔区的肥大腺样体部分,具有手术在明视下操作,术腔较宽敞、安全有效、微创、出血少及术后恢复快等优点,在众多的手术方法中是一种较为理想的选择术式.     

成人腺样体肥大的治疗体会

目的探讨成人腺样体肥大的临床表现、诊断及治疗,方法对2007年4月-2012年3月在本科因腺样体肥大行经口入路70。鼻内镜下腺样体切除术的35例成人患者随访3个月～1年,观察患者的临床症状及鼻内镜检查情况,并对临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果35例患者术后均无出血,无腺样体残留,无咽鼓管咽口、咽鼓管圆枕、软腭损伤,无鼻咽粘连,3l例患者症状完全消失（88．6＂／0）,4例患者症状好转（11．4＂／o）。鼻内镜检查见鼻咽部黏膜光滑,未见腺样体残留及复发,咽鼓管咽口暴露良好。结论临床医生应逐步认识并重视成人腺样体肥大的问题,以免漏诊误诊,并及时给予正确的治疗。鼻内镜下腺样体切除术是治疗成人腺样体肥大的有效方法,值得临床推广应用。     

鼻内镜下2种腺样体手术方式的疗效对比分析

腺样体肥大在儿童中常见,其手术指征为并发急性中耳炎、分泌性中耳炎、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征,系统药物治疗后儿童鼻窦炎仍未能痊愈的腺样体肥大患儿亦为手术对象[1].因此,腺样体肥大的手术是耳鼻咽喉科最常见的手术之一.在我国,各个层次的医院均能开展腺样体肥大手术,但限于设备条件等因素的限制,手术方法不尽一致,疗效有差别[2-3].     

鼻内镜下腺样体切除术治疗儿童腺样体肥大72例

目的 总结鼻内镜直视下行腺样体切除治疗腺样体肥大的优点及疗效.方法 对72例患者均施行全麻下行鼻内镜下腺样体切除术.结果 术后未发生任何并发症,全部患儿术后回访1～3年,未见复发病例.结论鼻内镜下腺样体切除术治疗小儿腺样体肥大安全且疗效显著.     

成人腺样体肥大20例临床分析

目的：探讨成人腺样体肥大的诊断及治疗方法。方法：对２０例Ⅰ￣Ⅲ度腺样体肥大的成人患者做鼻内窦镜及病理检查,给予保守及手术治疗。结果：病理报告慢性皮炎症７例,慢性炎症伴组织增生３例,１０例保守治疗无效,６例传统手术者随访１年２例复发,４例鼻内窥镜下腺体切除微波热凝术随访１年无复发。结论：成人腺样体可呈不同程度的增生,在光镜下与儿童腺样体有差异。治疗应以手术为主,鼻内窥镜下腺切除微波热凝术是一种安全有     

鼻内镜下微波治疗儿童腺样体肥大

自 1999年 2月～ 2 0 0 0年 8月 ,本科对 30例儿童腺样体肥大患者 ,在鼻内镜下 ,利用微波热凝原理进行治疗 ,效果满意 ,现报道如下。1　临床资料与方法30例患者中 ,男 2 4例 ,女 6例。年龄 5～ 13岁 ,平均 8.7岁 ,病程 2～ 7年 ,其中合并分泌性中耳炎 7例 (12耳 ) ,慢性扁桃体炎 2 2例 ,慢性鼻窦炎 8例。全部病例均作纯音测听加声导抗检查、鼻镜检查、咽腔检查及鼻内镜检查。 3例有腺样体面容 ;7例合并分泌性中耳炎患者 ,鼓室压图均为Ｂ型 ,纯音测听听力损失 16～2 5ｄＢ ;2 2例合并慢性扁桃体炎者 ,其中两侧扁桃体Ⅲ°12例。8例鼻镜检查 ,…     

鼻内镜下动力系统切除肥大腺样体

腺样体肥大是儿童及少数成人较常见的引起鼻塞、张口呼吸、打鼾的疾病之一.彻底解决腺样体肥大的方法是手术,但以往传统的手术方式存在着某些弊端.为避免严重并发症的发生,我们于2005年1月～2006年1月对28例腺样体肥大的患者采取鼻内镜下动力系统吸切的方式进行手术,现报告如下.     

鼻内镜下两种手术径路治疗儿童腺样体肥大的疗效比较

目的比较鼻内镜下经口和经鼻两种手术径路在儿童腺样体肥大切除术中的疗效。方法将80例腺样体肥大患儿随机分为经口组和经鼻组各40例,对两组患儿打鼾、鼻塞、耳闭等症状改善情况、术后并发症及随访6个月复发情况进行回顾性比较分析。结果两组患儿症状均全部消失或得到显著改善,经口组术后腺样体切割干净,无腺样体残留,仅2例术后出现轻微软腭损伤,随访无复发;经鼻组术后出现不同程度的软腭损伤、圆枕损伤、咽鼓管损伤、继发出血、腺样体残留或鼻腔粘连,2例再次手术。结论鼻内镜下经口腺样体切除术术后并发症少、复发率低、疗效可靠,优于经鼻腺样体切除术。     

腺样体铲除术对咽鼓管功能影响的研究

目的:观察鼻内镜下经口腔腺样体铲除术与传统腺样体铲除术对腺样体肥大患者咽鼓管功能的影响。方法:选取诊断为腺样体肥大且不伴中耳炎的住院患者为研究对象,分别采用鼻内镜下经口腔腺样体铲除术和传统腺样体铲除术,在治疗前及治疗3个月后分别检测咽鼓管功能。结果:2组患者治疗前咽鼓管功能检查无统计学差异,治疗后与术前相比,2组均有统计学差异;治疗后2组之间差异也有统计学意义。结论:鼻内镜下经口腔腺样体铲除术和传统腺样体铲除术均可改善腺样体肥大患者的咽鼓管功能,且鼻内镜下经口腔腺样体铲除术对咽鼓管功能的改善优于传统腺样体铲除术。     

Investigation of resectability degree for adenoidal surgery in OSA children with the method of computational fluid dynamics

Conclusion: From aspect of fluid dynamics, expanding patients’ nasopharyngeal coronal-sectional area to 48.3–54.7% of normal area will bring the airflow velocity back to normal in adenoidal hypertrophy children. It might provide a suggestion for adenoidectomy range selection and whether total resection is necessary.

Objectives: To evaluate the nasopharyngeal airflow characteristics in pediatric OSA patients with adenoidal hypertrophy, and to explore the proper resection range for adenoidectomy

Method: Nine OSA patients and four normal children were recruited. The CT scans of their upper airway were collected and used to construct three dimensional models for fluid dynamics analysis. Using computational fluid dynamics, indices such as velocity, pressure, and coronal-sectional area were calculated.

Results: Compared with the normal, the OSA children showed three characteristics in nasopharyngeal: the airflow velocity was significantly higher (p?p?p?>?0.05). In a study of the relationship between velocity and coronal-sectional area, this study investigates different coronal-sectional areas from 30–300?mm². It was found that, when patients’ nasopharyngeal coronal-sectional area was expanded over 155–170?mm², namely 48.3–54.7% of normal area, airflow velocity in nasopharyngeal showed no difference than normal.     

腺样体肥大儿童合并慢性鼻窦炎的临床调查及相关性分析

目的　了解本地区腺样体肥大儿童合并慢性鼻窦炎的发病情况,并分析两者之间的相关性。方法　对178例确诊腺样体肥大患儿进行鼻窦CT三围扫描,明确合并慢 性鼻窦炎,进行判定,收集相关数据,行统计学分析。结果  178例腺样体肥大患儿,男107例,女71例,平均年龄7.3±2.5岁。合并慢性鼻窦炎者60例,占33.71%,二者在平均年龄、发病年龄及病程间比较均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。鼻窦炎CT评分与A/N比值各等级之间比较,差异有统计学意义（r =0.435,P <0.05）。结论　腺样体肥大与慢性鼻窦炎CT评分之间有明显相关性,针对腺样体肥大治疗可明显减缓慢性鼻窦炎病情。     

鼻内镜下2种不同术式切除腺样体疗效的比较

腺样体肥大是儿童发育期的常见病症,彻底解决腺样体肥大最有效的方法是手术切除。传统的手术方法是腺样体刮除术或腺样体切除器切除术,目前全身麻醉在鼻内镜直视下以腺样体切割刀头行腺样体切除术或射频消融术已成为主要的术式。尽管射频消融术具有很好的临床应用价值,但受手术器械及手术技术的影响,目前临床应用最广泛的仍然是鼻内镜下用腺样体切割刀头行切除术。     

Relative nasopharyngeal patency index as possible objective indication for adenoidectomy in children with orthodontic problems

Objectives

Although the harmful influence of nasopharyngeal obstruction on the facial skeleton has been demonstrated, clear criteria to qualify children with adenoid hypertrophy and malocclusion for adenoidectomy have not been established yet.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 148 patients qualified for orthodontic treatment (77 females and 71 males) at the age of 9-11 years (the average age was 10 years and 3 months). X-ray images performed with the use of a cephalostat were scanned and submitted for cephalometric assessment. The study investigated the correlation between standard cephalometric parameters and the value of relative nasopharyngeal flow defined as the ratio of the nasopharyngeal flow to the dimension of the entire nasopharynx. In statistics Bartlett's test, Tukey's test and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used.

Results

The value of relative nasopharyngeal lumen ranged from 0.0943 to 0.5532 with no significant differences between genders. The subjects were divided into decile groups for investigating the correlation with cephalometric parameters. The study demonstrated statistically significant negative correlations between relative nasopharyngeal flow and the following parameters: the angle between lines NA and NB (ANB), the angle between lines SN and ML (SN/ML), the posterior/anterior facial height ratio (Post.Fac.H./Ant.Fac.H.), the difference between the maxillary and mandibular length (difference maxillary/mandibular), the mandibular length (Co-Gn) and the lower anterior facial height (Sn-Me). The correlations generally referred to middle deciles: from the 40th to 80th decile. An apparent lack of significant correlations in patients located below the 40th decile, which corresponded to the value of relative nasopharyngeal flow up to 18%, may indicate, that this value constitutes a threshold and further decreasing it exceeds adaptive capabilities of the body.

Conclusions

Relative nasopharyngeal flow below 38% should constitute an indication for adenoidectomy, due to the exceeded adaptive capabilities of the body.     

Pathological and biochemical study in the adenoid of mucopolysaccharidosis II

In the patients with mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II, Hunter's syndrome), conductive and sensorineural hearing deficits are frequently observed. Two patients with MPS II underwent adenoidectomy and an ear douche, and their conductive hearing loss recovered after the surgery. Pathological examination of the adenoids revealed the infiltration of faintly PAS-positive plasmacytes with perinuclear vacuole and strongly Alcian-blue positive fibrotic area. Biochemical study was performed by chromatoscanning of electropholesis. The amount of glycosaminoglicans (GAG) in the specimens was increased 2.8-fold compared with the normal control. The electropholetic pattern showed an increase of dermatan sulfate (DS), heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in the adenoids of the patients. The ratio of DS to HS was 1.1–1.2. In the patients of MPS II, the accumulation of GAG occurs in the pharyngeal tonsil and causes conductive hearing impairment. We recommend adenoidectomy for such patients.     

鼻内镜下腺样体分度与儿童分泌性中耳炎关系的研究

分泌性中耳炎(OME)是儿童常见的一种疾病,是指不伴有耳部急性感染症状和体征的中耳积液〔1〕,是引起儿童听力下降的重要原因之一。腺样体是位于鼻咽顶的淋巴组织,当它过度增生时有可能堵塞咽鼓管口引起咽鼓管和中耳腔内压力不平衡和引流障碍,从而导致中耳炎的发生,但是儿童     

腺样体肥大患儿鼻声反射联合上气道气流场生物力学数值模型的特征分析

目的　探讨鼻声反射对腺样体肥大患儿的临床应用价值,联合建立上气道气流场生物力学数值模型,定性分析患儿鼻腔、鼻咽腔形态特征及气流场分布情况。方法　对35例腺样体肥大患儿行鼻咽侧位片及鼻声反射检查,根据腺样体/鼻咽腔（adenoid/nasopharynx,A/N比率）分为三组（A/N≤0.60,0.60＜A/N≤0.70,A/N＞0.70）,分析三组间鼻腔最小横截面积（minimal cross-sectional area,MCSA）、鼻腔最小横截面积距离前鼻孔的距离（distance of the minimal cross-sectional area from the nostril,DMCA）、鼻腔阻力（nasal airway resistance,NR）、鼻腔容积（nasal volume,NV）及鼻咽腔容积（nasopharyngeal volume,NPV）的参数有无显著性差异。据其中9例受试者上气道CT影像,三维重建上气道生物力学数值模型,分析气流流场特征。结果　35例受试者鼻声反射曲线特点为后段低平。随A/N比率增大NR逐渐增大,NV、NPV下降,各组间MCSA、DMCA、NR、NV无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,NPV有显著性差异（P =0.000）。患儿鼻咽部气流形态紊乱,压强变化梯度主要集中在鼻阈及腺样体与扁桃体交界区域,呼吸道的高流速区主要集中在鼻阈、中鼻道和鼻咽部。结论　鼻声反射可用于腺样体肥大患儿鼻咽腔容积的定量分析,可验证患儿上气道计算机仿真模型的真实及可靠性,二者结合可从三维立体角度考虑患儿上气道的阻塞因素,不仅能应用于腺样体肥大患儿的筛查工作,也可为临床因人制宜采取不同的手术方案及术后评估提供参考。