经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

骨质疏松性椎体骨折是临床上常见并且重要的并发症之一，严重影响患者的生活质量。随着经皮椎体成形（PVP）技术不断进展及完善，凭借其具有操作简单、创伤小、见效快以及并发症发生率低等优点，为老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的治疗开辟了新途径。我科自2003年7月起采用PVP术对19例老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折进行治疗，取得了满意的疗效。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎新鲜骨质疏松性压缩骨折

对20例新鲜骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折21个椎体行经皮椎体成形术(PVP),平均每个椎体注入骨水泥3.7 ml,20例患者腰背疼痛均有不同程度缓解,其中19例疼痛明显减轻或基本消失,椎体高度恢复平均2.2mm,未发生严重并发症。随访3~48个月,无再骨折及疼痛加重者。认为PVP治疗新鲜骨质疏松性压缩骨折安全、有效,适合多数新鲜疼痛性骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折患者。     

经皮椎体成形术及经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的效果

随着我国人口老龄化的趋势,骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的患者逐渐增多。随着医学微创技术的发展,经皮椎体成形术(PVP)及经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)越来越多的用于临床,但PVP和PKP在OVCF治疗中的优缺点存在一定争议〔1～4〕。本研究探讨PVP和PKP治疗老年OVCF的效果。1资料与方法1.1研究对象入选2009年1月至2012年3月收治的采用     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果

【摘要】 目的  评估经皮椎体后凸成形术对骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。 方法  将50例骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折患者随机分为试验组与对照组,试验组患者采取经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗,对照组患者采取常规经皮椎体成形术治疗,比较两组患者视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Oswestry评分以及4项影像学指标（后凸角以及伤椎前缘、中线、后缘高度）变化。 结果  两组患者术后VAS评分均显著下降（P<0.05）,但试验组下降幅度更大（P<0.05）;两组患者术后Oswestry评分均显著下降（P<0.05）,但试验组下降幅度较对照组更大（P<0.05）;试验组患者后凸角以及伤椎前缘、中线、后缘高度术后均显著改善（P<0.05）,而对照组手术前后差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论  采用经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折疗效优于经皮椎体成形术,但经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗成本高于经皮椎体成形术。今后应根据患者实际情况选择术式。     

经皮椎体成形术和后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术（PVP）和经皮椎体后凸成形术（PKP）治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（OVCF）的临床疗效。方法老年OVCF患者37例,行PVP20例、PKP17例。测量术前、术后椎体压缩率及矫正率、后凸Cobb’s角及矫正率。VAS评估疼痛。观察并发症及预后。结果骨水泥向椎前及椎旁少量渗漏7例（PVP6例、PKP1例）,未发生脊髓、神经根损伤及过敏、肺栓塞等并发症。椎体压缩率术后（20．5±11．2％）较术前（42．6％±15．3％）降低（P=0．03）,后凸Cobb’s角术后（11．1°±3．4°）较术前（28．4°±6．7°）减小（P=0．02）。PKP椎体压缩矫正率为72％,高于PVP的39％,P〈0．01;后凸Cobb’s角矫正率为66％,高于PVP的32％,P〈0．01。术后疼痛完全缓解29例,部分缓解7例,轻度缓解1例。VAS由术前（7．3±2．9）分降至术后（2．1±0．8）分（P=0．02）。随访1a以上,病椎高度恢复、无明显丢失,未见相邻椎体骨折发生。结论PVP和PKP具有微创、安全、疗效满意、并发症少等优点,是治疗老年OVCF的有效方法;且PKP对恢复椎体高度、矫正后凸畸形、减少骨水泥渗漏方面优于PVP。     

经皮椎体成形术及经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折再发骨折危险因素研究

目的 探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（OVCFs）经皮椎体成形术（PVP）及经皮椎体后凸成形术（PKP）后非手术椎体骨折的危险因素。方法回顾性研究2009年2月～2010年3月于河北医科大学第三医院脊柱外科门诊及病房共收治OVCFs患者76例,男11例,女65例,年龄56~87岁,平均（66．7±7-3）岁,随访时间6～22个月,平均13．6个月。44例患者行PVP手术,32例患者行PKP手术。记录两组患者年龄、性别、病程、体质量指数、骨密度、水泥注入量、水泥渗漏率、平均后凸角矫形,分析引起非手术椎体骨折的危险因素。结果PVP组患者水泥注入量及平均后凸角矫形均低于PKP组患者,经两样本t检验,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;水泥渗漏率和新发椎体骨折两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;logistic回归分析结果显示,骨密度T值≤-2．5SD是与非手术椎体骨折相关的危险因素,后凸角矫形≥5．0。组患者新发骨折与首次手术间隔时间明显短于对照组,经秩和检验显示差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论骨密度T值≤-2．5SD是与非手术椎体骨折相关的危险因素,在骨密度T值严重降低的骨质疏松患者中,过多的矫正后凸畸形可能缩短了再发骨折的发病周期。     

经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效比较

目的对比经皮椎体成形术(PVP)与经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的临床疗效。方法回顾分析自2013年6月至2014年12月该院单纯行PVP或PKP的OVCF患者92例(共128个椎体),根据手术方式分成PVP组和PKP组,统计两组患者手术的有效率、后凸矫正率及骨水泥渗漏率,并比较患者手术前及术后1个月的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及伤椎高度变化情况。结果 PVP组有效率为90.00%,PKP组有效率为92.86%,两组无统计学差异(P0.05);两组患者术后VAS均明显低于手术前,其中PKP组VAS评分显著低于PVP组(P0.05);两组患者间后凸矫正率比较无统计学差异(P0.05);PKP组发生骨水泥渗漏率为16.67%,明显低于PVP组的36.00%(P0.05);两组患者术后伤椎高度明显高于手术前,其中PVP组伤椎高度显著高于PKP组(P0.05)。结论 PVP和PKP治疗OVCF均具有良好的临床疗效,PKP可以更好地降低患者的VAS评分,且骨水泥渗漏率更低,而PVP可以更有效地提高伤椎的高度。两种方式各有特点,临床应根据患者的实际情况进行选择。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗高龄骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的理想术式,具有微创,迅速缓解疼痛,改善后凸畸形及骨水泥渗漏率低等优点〔1〕。本文回顾分析PKP治疗高龄(>80岁)OVCF患者的临床疗效。1资料与方法1.1对象2007年8月至2009年2月我科收治的高龄OVCF患者57例,其中男13例,女44例;年龄80~92〔平均(83.7±     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效分析

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法对120例(145个椎体)老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者行经皮椎体成形术治疗,观察术后疼痛缓解情况,术前和术后3 d、1个月、3个月应用10分制视觉模拟评分(VAS)对患者疼痛进行评价。结果所有患者均获3个月随访,100例患者疼痛完全缓解(CR.),15例患者部分缓解(PR),5例无缓解,有效率为95.83%(CR+PR/总例数)。术前与术后各时间段比较,视觉模拟评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但术后各时间段差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经皮椎体成形术具有显著的临床止痛效果和创伤小的优点,是治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折安全有效的治疗方法。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折疗效观察

目的观察经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的效果。方法 43例椎体压缩性骨折患者,在双C臂X线机下,行PVP治疗。结果本组完全缓解23例,部分缓解11例,轻度缓解6例,无效0例。术后视觉模拟疼痛评分、术后Cobb角均明显低于术前,P<0.05。术后恶心、呕吐、腹胀2例,发热3例。术后随访11～43个月,Cobb角和椎体前缘高度无丢失38例,丢失1/3者3例,丢失少于1/3者2例。结论 PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折安全、有效。     

骨水泥倒U型分布对经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折效果的影响

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)中骨水泥倒U型注射分布对治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(osteoporosis vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)临床治疗效果的影响.方法回顾性研究2014年7月至2018年6月因住院并行PVP治疗的70例患者,男性10例,女性60例;年龄60~87岁,平均年龄(73.02±7.74)岁;病程3h^2个月,平均病程(15.35±5.45)d.根据CT检查明确骨水泥的分布情况,依次将患者分为骨水泥呈"倒U型"弥散分布组和骨水泥不规则弥散组.记录术前、术后3 d,3、6个月及1年时的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、椎体高度(body height,BH)及局部后凸Cobb角,对比分析两组上述指标的差异,并记录相关并发症.结果两组患者术前基线特征比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后VAS较术前均明显降低(P<0.05),倒U型分布组由术前的(7.4±0.8)分降低至术后第3天的(2.5±0.6)分,不规则分布组由(7.5±0.9)分降低至(2.7±0.6)分,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组患者术前椎体后凸角度(kyphosis angle,KA)、椎体缘高度(anterior body heights,ABH)和椎体中间高度(middle body heights,MBH)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后倒U型分布组均优于不规则分布组(P<0.05).术后并发症方面,倒U型分布组出现8例骨水泥渗漏,不规则分布组出现5例骨水泥渗漏,总体渗漏率为28.9%,所有骨水泥渗漏均无临床症状.继发相邻椎体骨折倒U型分布组4例,不规则分布组6例;非相邻节段骨折倒U型分布组2例,不规则分布组3例.两组间邻近节段骨折发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后1年随访倒U型分布组1例出现骨折椎体再次塌陷,再骨折率为3.1%;不规则分布组5例出现骨折椎体再次塌陷,再骨折率为14.3%.结论PVP可有效缓解胸腰段OVCF患者的疼痛,骨水泥在椎体内弥散分布情况对术后近期治疗效果无明显影响,但可能是PVP术后患椎再骨折的重要影响因素.     

Percutaneous vertebroplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with huge spinal epidural hematoma: A case report

Rationale:Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) accompanying huge spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) is fairly rare. The aim of this report is to investigate the management strategies and treatment outcomes of OVCF accompanying SEH.Patient concerns:An 89-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital because of severe back pain and numbness of both lower limbs after a slight fall. The magnetic resonance imaging examination of the patient showed a fresh compression fracture at L2 accompanying a large dorsal SEH which extended from the T12 to L3 and deformed the spinal cord.Diagnosis:The patient was diagnosed with OVCF accompanying SEH.Interventions:Given mild neurologic deficits, the hematoma was not treated, and the patient underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) only.Outcomes:After the procedure, immediate pain relief was achieved and the numbness of both lower limbs disappeared 3 days later. Three months after the procedure, the follow-up magnetic resonance imaging revealed a complete resolution of the hematoma.Lessons:OVCF accompanying SEH is fairly rare, and the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are still not clear. In selected patients without or with only slight neurologic symptoms, it is reasonable to perform PVP alone in OVCF accompanying SEH. Moreover, intravertebral stability after PVP might have played a role in spontaneous resolution of SEH.     

Percutaneous vertebroplasty for elderly patients with unhealed osteoporotic spinal fractures

Background:   Vertebroplasty is a procedure in which bone cement is injected percutaneously into the vertebral body.
Methods:   We used this technique with 15 patients who had pseudarthrosis or delayed union of osteoporotic spinal fractures with vacuum clefts, and in whom conservative treatment did not relieve persistent pain. The procedure was performed in a short time with little blood loss, and no generic complications, leakage of bone cement to blood vessels or the spinal canal, or neural compression.
Results:   At 1 week after the operation, pain was eliminated in seven patients, alleviated in seven patients, unchanged in one patient, and worsened in none. The rate of alleviation or elimination of pain after 1 week and 6 months was 93% and 85%, respectively. Recurrence of the pain was seen in four cases, but this was caused by new spinal fractures in separate locations, confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging, in three patients, and by multiple myeloma in one patient.
Conclusion:   Thus, vertebroplasty, which alleviates pain rapidly and with low invasiveness, is a new and promising therapy for osteoporotic spinal fractures in which conservative treatment has failed. It seems to provide a large benefit to elderly patients if performed with prudent care with regard to complications at the time of bone cement injection, and in conjunction with treatment for osteoporosis.     

经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定联合椎体成形术治疗高龄胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床观察

目的 评估经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定联合椎体成形术治疗高龄骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床疗效.方法 201 1年2月至2012年10月,使用经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定联合椎体成形术治疗23例无神经功能损伤的高龄骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折.术前、术后1d、术后3 m、术后6 m、术后12 m和术后18 m分别对患者进行VAS疼痛评分,通过测量CT矢状位图像获得骨折椎体前缘、中间的椎体高度,并测量伤椎局部矢状位Cobb角.结果 所有患者获得随访,随访时间18～36 m（平均22 m）.患者术后第1天VAS评分和末次随访VAS评分较术前均有明显下降（P＜0.05）.术后第1天伤椎前缘和中间的高度较术前明显增大（P＜0.05）,矢状位Cobb角则由术前（16.5±4.7）°显著下降至（5.7±3.2）°（P＜0.05）.术后随访过程中,给予康复训练指导,发现椎体前缘和中间高度以及Cobb角均无明显变化（P＞0.05）.随访过程中,未发现压缩椎体以及相邻椎体新发骨折出现.结论 经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定联合椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折效果满意,可以防止椎体高度再次丢失和相邻椎体新发压缩性骨折.     

经皮椎体成形术充填自固化磷酸钙人工骨治疗疼痛性骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折(附23例报告)

目的　观察经皮椎体成形术 (PVP)治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的初步临床疗效。方法　使用自固化磷酸钙人工骨 (CPC)为充填材料 ,在 X线透视监视下 ,经单侧或双侧椎弓根穿刺的 PVP治疗 2 3例(31个 )骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的椎体。结果　 CPC平均充填量胸椎 3.1m l,腰椎 4 .0 m l。术中 CPC渗漏者 4例(4个椎体 ) ,渗漏率为 17.4 % ,以椎体计算 ,渗漏率为 12 .9%。无 1例出现严重并发症。根据目测疼痛评分法(VAS)评定 ,并经 3～ 10个月 (平均 6 .6个月 )随访 ,术后所有患者疼痛明显减轻或消失 (P<0 .0 0 1)。结论　 PVP可安全有效地缓解骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折引起的疼痛     

PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折对患椎邻近椎体退变和骨折发生率的影响

目的分析经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折对患椎邻近椎体退变及骨折发生率的影响。方法骨质疏9松性椎体压缩骨折患者51例,随机分为手术组30例和对照组21例,分别采用PVP治疗和保守治疗。通过X线片测算两组治疗前及治疗后1 a患椎上下椎体前缘压缩率、中柱压缩率、后倾角（θ角）。观察治疗后1 a两组患椎邻近椎体的退变情况及骨折发生率。结果手术组术后1 a患椎上下椎体前缘压缩率、中柱压缩率及θ角均较对照组增大（P均〈0.01）。手术组术后1 a发生患椎邻近椎体骨折5例（16.7%）,对照组无邻近椎体骨折发生（P〈0.05）。结论 PVP治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折可加速患椎邻近椎体退变,并增加邻近椎体骨折的风险。     

Percutaneous vertebroplasty for acute vertebral body fracture and deformity in multiple myeloma: a short report

We describe seven patients with multiple myeloma who were treated for acute vertebral body fractures with percutaneous vertebroplasty to a total of 14 vertebrae. Six of the seven patients had at least a 50% decrease in their pain scores at 24 h following vertebroplasty. There were no procedure-related complications. These encouraging results prompt us to suggest further large-scale evaluation of this procedure in myeloma patients.     

A meta-analysis of the secondary fractures for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty

To identify the risk factors of the secondary fractures for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP).We conducted a search of relevant articles using Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Embase, the Web of Science and other databases. The time range we retrieved from establishment of the electronic database to November 2017. Gray studies were found in the references of included literature reports. STATA version 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas) was used to analyze the pooled data.Fourteen studies involving 1910 patients, 395 of whom had fracture secondary to the surgery were included in this meta-analysis. The result of meta-analyses showed the risk factors of the secondary fractures for OVCFs after PVP was related to bone mineral density (BMD) [95%CI (−0.650, −0.164), SMD=−0.407, P=.001], cement leakage ((RR=0.596, 95%CI (0.444,0.798), P = .001)), and kyphosis after primary operation ((SMD=0.741, 95%CI (0.449,1.032), P = .000)), but not to gender, age, body mass index, cement volume, thoracolumbar spine, and cement injection approaches.Bone mineral density, cement leakage, and kyphosis after primary operation are the risk factors closely correlative to the secondary fracture after PVP. There have not been enough evidences to support the association between the secondary fracture and gender, age, body mass index, cement volume, thoracolumbar spine, and cement injection approaches.     

A novel vertebroplasty technique using a larger-diameter needle for thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (VP) and kyphoplasty (KP) are well-established minimally invasive surgical procedures for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). However, some drawbacks have been reported regarding these procedures, including height loss, cement leakage, and loss of the restored height after balloon deflation. We performed a novel VP technique to minimize these limitations of conventional procedures. This study aimed to compare radiological and clinical outcomes of our method using a larger-diameter needle versus conventional VP (using a smaller needle) for thoracolumbar OVCF.From April 2016 to May 2017, 107 consecutive patients diagnosed with thoracolumbar OVCF were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 underwent conventional VP, i.e., using a smaller diameter needle, and group 2 underwent VP through a modified method with a larger-diameter needle. For radiological evaluation, parameters related to anterior vertebral height (AVH) and segmental angle were assessed using plain standing radiographs, and patient-reported outcomes were evaluated using the visual analog scale. Cement injection amount and leakage pattern were also analyzed. Group 2 showed a larger anterior vertebral height change than group 1 immediately postoperatively and one year postoperatively. The 1-year postoperatively-AVH maintained better in group 2 than in group 1. Group 2 showed more significant improvement of segmental angle immediately postoperatively than group 1 (3.15° in group 1 vs 9.36° in group 2). IYPo-visual analog scale significantly improved in both groups, with greater improvement in group 2 (3.69 in group 1 vs 5.63 in group 2). A substantially larger amount of cement was injected, with a lower leakage rate in group 2 than in group 1.A novel VP technique using a larger-diameter needle showed superior radiological and clinical outcomes than conventional VP. Therefore, it can be considered a useful treatment option for OVCF.     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折: 单球囊与双球囊对比研究

目的 探讨单球囊与双球囊椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的疗效。方法2008年4月～2010年2月,收治骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者26例,累及椎体35个。随机分为单球囊组,15例,21个椎体,平均72（53～79）岁;双球囊组,11例,14个椎体。平均70．8（51～80）岁。手术于x线透视下完成,双球囊组应用双球囊在椎体内双侧同时扩张;单球囊组应用单球囊双侧穿刺在椎体内交替扩张。术后观察症状改善、椎体高度复位及后凸畸形矫正、并发症发生等情况。结果单球囊组平均每个椎体手术时间37．5（33～85）min;双球囊组平均每个椎体手术时间33．9（30～75）min;随访时间12～18个月,平均14．8个月。术后患者腰背痛症状均较术前明显缓解。VAS疼痛评分：单球囊组术前平均为7．6±2．2,术后为2．5±1．8,末次随访为3．1±2．0,手术前后差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）;双球囊组术前平均为7．9±2．3,术后为2．4±2．0,末次随为2．9±2．1,手术前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;两组术后椎体前缘、中央高度均比术前有显著增加,且维持至末次随访,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。椎体后凸角单球囊组平均矫正（7．0°±4．5°）,双球囊组平均矫正（7．7°±3．9°）,各组手术前后比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。而两组间上述各指标对应比较,差异无统计学意义。结论单球囊与双球囊椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性压缩骨折均可获得满意的治疗效果。