慢性病毒性心肌炎抗体对预后的影响及早期干预的疗效

目的：探讨抗心肌抗体在慢性病毒性心肌炎（VMC）向扩张性心肌病（DCM）转化过程中所起的作用及早期干预的疗效。方法：通过计算机预测ADP／ATP载体蛋白（ANT）和β1受体抗原决定簇的氨基酸序列，用人工多肽合成仪器合成的多肽作为抗原，应用ELISA方法，对慢性VMC病人进行抗心肌抗体的检测，同时对其进行临床追踪观察及干预，并评价其疗效。结果：慢性VMC病人抗心肌抗体联合检测阳性率为80％；22例抗体阳性的慢性VMC患经过3．1年随访，其中8例（36．4％）演变为DCM，经给予地尔硫Zhuo或倍他乐克干预治疗后6例恢复正常，而6例抗体阴性的患随访期间均未出现DCM表现。结论：慢性VMC病人抗心肌抗体阳性率较高，部分患会转化为DCM；药物干预治疗效果较好。     

循环系统疾病

20031417抗心肌抗体消长与病毒性心脏病转化关系探讨/程翔…刀临床心血管病杂志一2002,18(10)一492~494中国医学文脚·内科学2。。3年第24卷第3翔.289. 对124例的观察表现,冠心病感者随病程的延长,4种抗心肌抗体(ADP/A TP载体、几一受体、Ma-胆碱能受体及肌球蛋白重链)的检出率呈先升高后降低的趋势,病毒性心肌炎(VMC)和早期扩张型心肌病感者抗心肌抗体阳性率最高,22例抗体阳性的VMC患者经3.1年随访,其中8例演变成为DCM,经相应药物干预治疗后6例恢复正常,而6例抗体阴性者随访期间未出现IX二M表现。提示监侧抗心肌抗体可防止VMC向D…     

抗人心肌线粒体抗体在病毒性心肌炎和扩张型心肌病中的检测及其意义

目的检测病毒性心肌炎(VMC)和扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者血清中是否有抗人心肌线粒体抗体存在及其意义。 方法以人心肌线粒体作抗原,应用免疫点印迹在29例VMC(VMC组)、24例DCM(DCM组)、33例其它心脏病(OCD组)及20例健康献血者(HBD组)进行抗人心肌线粒体抗体检测,用免疫印迹方法检测其抗原分子量。 结果VMC组(12例,41.4%)DCM组(10例,41.7%)抗人心肌线粒体抗体阳性明显高于OCD组(2例,6.1%)及HBD(0%);②抗体阳性的VMC和DCM患者中有43.8%的心肌肌钙蛋白T升高,抗体阴性者为12.0%(P＜0.05)有显著性差异;③人心肌线粒体特异性抗原的分子量为30KD。 结论①在VMC和DCM患者血清中存在抗人心肌线粒体抗体,说明部分VMC及DCM与自身免疫有关,该抗体是引起心肌损伤的因素之一,对该抗体的检测可作为VMC和DCM的辅助诊断手段之一;②该抗体的特异性抗原可能为人心肌线粒体腺苷酸转位酶。     

系列抗心肌多肽自身抗体对扩张型心肌病的诊断价值

目的 :探讨抗人工合成多肽自身抗体在扩张型心肌病 ( DCM)诊断中的价值。方法 :根据计算机预测心肌 ADP/ ATP载体 ( ANT)、β1 受体、M2 受体和肌球蛋白重链 ( MHC)抗原决定簇的氨基酸序列并合成多肽片段 ,以此片段作为抗原 ,同时用天然抗原对比 ,以酶联免疫吸附方法检测 48例 DCM患者 ( DCM组 )和 48例健康献血员 (对照组 )血清中抗心肌多肽自身抗体。结果 :DCM组中抗 ANT抗体、抗 β1 受体抗体、抗 M2 受体抗体和抗MHC抗体阳性分别有 31、2 6、2 0和 2 3例 ,与对照组比较有显著性差异 ( P <0 .0 0 5 ) ,且与天然心肌抗原检测结果高度一致 ( P <0 .0 1)。结论 :人工合成多肽可代替天然心肌抗原用于检测抗心肌自身抗体 ,抗心肌多肽抗体检测可以作为 DCM免疫学诊断方法     

自身免疫性心肌病抗心肌线粒体腺嘌呤核苷异位酶抗体的动态变化

目的:观察自身免疫性心肌病(AIC)小鼠模型和病毒性心脏病(VHD)患者血清抗心肌线粒体腺嘌 呤核苷异位酶(ANT)抗体的演变规律。方法:建立ANT合成肽AIC小鼠模型,ELISA法定期监测小鼠血清抗 ANT抗体,观察心肌病理变化;对不同病程VHD患者血清进行抗ANT抗体检测。结果:AIC小鼠模型抗ANT 抗体阳性率随着病程延长,呈先上升后下降趋势,病理检查结果提示心肌组织有慢性炎症的改变。在不同病程 VHD患者中,血清抗ANT抗体阳性率也呈现先升高后降低的变化,临床随访发现12.9%病毒性心肌炎转化为 扩张型心肌病。AIC小鼠模型与不同病程VHD患者血清抗ANT抗体演变具有一致性(r=0.53,P>0.05)。 结论:抗ANT抗体水平的变化与心肌病进程相关。     

抗心肌抗体对心肌炎心肌病临床诊断、治疗和预后评估的价值

抗心肌抗体(AHA)是机体产生针对自身心肌蛋白分子的抗体总称,介导心肌免疫损伤,促使病毒性心肌炎(VMC)和扩张型心肌病(DCM)的发生发展。近年来越来越多的临床证据显示,AHA在VMC和DCM患者体内表达具有高度敏感性和特异性。AHA的检测对VMC和DCM早期诊断、疾病风险评估和预后判断具有重要价值;而早期针对AHA选择临床用药,能有效防治疾病、改善患者预后。     

肠病毒感染及抗ADP/ATP载体抗体在病毒性心脏病发病中的意义

目的 :探讨肠病毒感染与抗二磷酸腺苷 /三磷酸腺苷 (ADP/ ATP)载体抗体在病毒性心脏病发病中的意义。方法 :应用逆转录聚合酶链式反应 (RT- PCR)和免疫转印法对临床诊断为病毒性心肌炎 (VMC)和扩张型心肌病 (DCM)患者进行肠病毒核糖核酸 (RNA)及抗 ADP/ ATP载体抗体的检测。结果 :RT- PCR方法检测肠病毒 RNA,VMC组 (n =74) 4 2例 (56.8% )阳性 ,DCM组 (n=2 6) 1 1例 (42 .3% )阳性。与健康组 (n =30 )比较具有显著性差异 (分别 P <0 .0 1 ,P <0 .0 5) ;肠病毒感染与 DCM患者心脏功能降低有明显相关性。免疫转印法检测 VMC(n =34)和 DCM(n =2 6)患者血清抗 ADP/ ATP载体抗体 ,VMC组 2 3例 (67.6% )阳性 ,DCM组 1 2例 (46.2 % )阳性 ,而健康组均为阴性 ;抗 ADP/ ATP载体抗体和肠病毒 RNA的检出相关 (r=0 .442 )。结论 :肠病毒RNA和抗 ADP/ ATP载体抗体在病毒性心脏病患者中检出具有相关性 ,对临床上出现前驱感染和心脏症状的患者 ,及时进行肠病毒 RNA、CVB- Ig M、抗 ADP/ ATP载体抗体的检测 ,有助于 VMC和 DCM的早期诊断。     

合成肽在检测血清抗心肌肌球蛋白抗体中的应用

心肌肌球蛋白是心肌的结构蛋白，具有组织特异性。近年来的研究证实，病毒性心肌炎(VMC)患儿血清中存在抗心肌肌球蛋白抗体。但天然心肌抗原不易获得，且难以长期保存，给临床应用带来一定困难。1999～2002年，我们从肌球蛋白重链的氨基酸序列中选择抗原决定簇片段合成多肽作为抗原，以酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测了48例VMC患儿血清中的抗心肌肌球蛋白抗体，取得满意效果。现报告如下。     

扩张型心肌病的病因分析与针对性治疗

目的:探讨扩张型心肌病(DCM)的病因,观察针对抗心肌抗体采取免疫学治疗的临床疗效和预后。方法:对2001年1月～2005年12月入院治疗的DCM患者301例的病史、诊治过程、随访结果进行回顾性分析。结果:301例中病毒阳性185例(占61.46%),抗心肌抗体阳性207例(68.77%),病毒感染与抗心肌抗体具有显著相关性。随访时间0.6～5.5(2.1±1.6)年,抗心肌线粒体腺嘌呤核苷酸异位酶抗体(抗ANT抗体)阳性患者(A组)治疗后平均左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)为(61.13±8.57)mm,LVEF为(42.65±11.45)%,平均心胸比(HTR)0.56±0.06;抗β1-肾上腺素能受体抗体(抗β1-受体抗体)阳性患者(B组)治疗后LVEDd(61.85±6.48)mm,LVEF(41.75±10.87)%,HTR0.56±0.02;抗ANT抗体和抗β1-受体抗体均阳性患者(C组)治疗后LVEDd(63.48±8.82)mm,LVEF(39.39±7.95)%,HTR0.57±0.08。3组与治疗前比较均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)、NYHA心功能分级均改善Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。结论:病毒感染/自身免疫是DCM的常见致病因素,针对抗ANT抗体早期使用地尔硫和针对抗β1-受体抗体使用美托洛尔治疗DCM均可明显改善患者心脏功能,提高其生活质量。     

扩张型心肌病抗心肌抗体的临床观察及其针对性治疗

目的:探讨扩张型心肌病(DCM)的发病机制,观察针对抗心肌抗体进行免疫学治疗的临床疗效和预后.方法:对2001年1月-2007年12月入院治疗的DCM患者(747例)的病史、诊治过程、随访情况进行回顾性分析.结果:747例中抗心肌抗体阳性者527例(70.55%),随访时间为0.9-7.2年,抗心肌线粒体ADP/ATP载体抗体阳性患者(A组)治疗后平均左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)为(62.53±9.17)mm,左室射血分数(LVEF)为(37.65±11.15)%;抗β1-肾上腺素能受体抗体(抗β1-受体抗体)阳性患者(B组)治疗后LVEDd (61.35±5.68)mm, LVEF (40.65±12.78)%;抗ADP/ATP载体抗体和抗β1-受体抗体均阳性患者(C组)治疗后LVEDd(61.28±7.72)mm, LVEF(38.35±7.05)%.3组与治疗前比较LVEDd差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)、NYHA心功能分级均改善Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.结论:自身免疫是DCM的常见致病因素,针对抗ADP/ATP载体抗体使用地尔硫和针对抗β1-受体抗体使用美托洛尔治疗DCM均可明显改善患者心脏功能及心室重构,改善预后.     

表观扩散系数值与肝细胞癌分级的相关性以及相关性与肿瘤大小关系的分析

[摘要]　目的　探讨表观扩散系数（apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC）值与肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC）组织学分级的相关性以及不同直径肿瘤的ADC值与HCC的相关性。方法?回顾性分析2017年—2020年180例病理证实为HCC的病例资料,按肿瘤直径大小分为＜2 cm、≥2 cm且＜3 cm、≥3 cm且＜5 cm、≥5 cm 4组,标为I、II、III、IV组。分析ADC值与HCC组织学分级的相关性,并分析在不同直径肿瘤ADC值与HCC的相关性。结果?高、中和低分化HCC的ADC值分别为（1.159±0.302）×10-3、（0.951±0.213）×10-3和（0.811±0.239）×10-3 mm2/s,逐级降低（P＜0.05）。ADC值与总体HCC的组织学分级呈负相关（r=-0.474）,与I～III组HCC的组织学分级均呈负相关（r值分别为-0.663、-0.527、-0.364）,而与IV组HCC的组织学分级无相关性。结论?ADC值可以作为非侵入性预测HCC组织学分级的指标,预测结果受肿瘤大小影响,更适用于小肝细胞癌。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

缺锌对孕鼠生长发育及其肝脏、胎盘中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及过氧化氢酶活性的影响

为观察喂养缺锌饲料对孕鼠生长发育及其肝脏、胎盘中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。将16只受孕Wistar鼠随机分为缺锌组(ZD组)、加锌组(ZS组)和正常对照组(ZC组),分别喂饲缺锌饲料、加锌饲料和基础饲料,记录每只孕鼠每日体重变化。于妊娠21日将孕鼠处死,取其肝脏、胎盘作GSH-PX和CAT活性测定。结果为ZD组孕鼠体重未见增加,SC组和ZS组孕鼠体重增加明显;与ZC组和ZS组相比,ZD组孕鼠肝脏和胎盘中GSH-PX活性显著降低(P<0.05),孕鼠肝脏和胎盘中CAT活性显著升高(P<0.05)。故认为缺锌可影响孕鼠肝脏、胎盘中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及过氧化氢酶活性,并影响其生长发育。     

Ligaments of the larynx and the adjacent pharynx and esophagus

Two ligament systems of the larynx are demonstrated by dissection. The suspensory ligament of the esophagus is attached to the posterior aspect of the cricoid cartilage and is also a part of the fascial sheath which is common to the hyoid, thyroid, and cricoid. The ligaments at the inner margins of the vocal, ventricular, and aryepiglottic folds are distinctive in site and, inferentially, in function. The aryepiglottic ligaments join at the incisura between the arytenoid cartilages and are continued as the corniculopharyngeal ligament which splays into the flexible tissues in the anterior wall of the hypopharynx, posterior to the suspensory ligament of the esophagus. These ligament systems are involved in two different actions in swallow. The gross superior and anterior motions of the larynx are transmitted to the esophagus by the suspensory ligament, so that the esophagus is elevated in relation to the bolus and is also opened. These esophageal displacements resemble, in effect, the swallow displacements of the pharyngoesophageal segment and of the constrictor wall of the hypopharynx. The marginal ligaments of the laryngeal folds help to implement the constriction and closure of the larynx during swallow. By anatomical inference, the corniculopharyngeal ligament effects vertical traction within the flexible tissues of the anterior wall of the hypopharynx.     

Humanism and the suffering of the people

Abstract
Humanism includes, among its many contexts, the ideal of the universal perfection of health. Procedures for alleviation of disease existed through all epochs of human history, but efficacy was mostly lacking. The prototypic humanism of the Renaissance ( ad  1300−1600) scarcely involved the medical ­sciences other than human anatomy. The Enlightenment of the seventeenth century included discovery of the circulation of the blood, and applications of microscopy. Discoveries relevant to medical practice began in the nineteenth century, ushered in by vaccination and the germ theory of disease. This 200-year period saw a transformation of human health according to the surrogate marker of increased life-­expectancy. This has been variously attributed to: (i) increased prosperity following the industrial revolution, (ii) efforts of humanistic social and public health reformers and, more recently, (iii) advances in medical science. Yet the beneficiaries remain a minority of the world's population. The nexus between poverty, illness and low life-expectancy between and within nations is the major challenge for the future. Contemporary science is providing ever-expanding knowledge on means to achieve the goal of perfection of human health, but the need for humanism is as great as at any previous age. Fortunately, however, the targets are more clearly visible than during the periods of poverty, plagues and pestilence of the past. (Intern Med J 2003; 33: 195−202)