输尿管结石并发输尿管息肉58例分析

目的：探讨输尿管结石并发输尿管息肉的病因及发病机制,提高其诊治效果。方法：行输尿管切开取石加息肉段输尿管切除端端吻合术41例,输尿管切开取石加息肉单纯切除或电灼17例;术后放置输尿管支架引流48例。结果：58例患者术后症状全部消失。B超检查肾积水减轻39例,消失19例。结论：对长期停留在某一部位的输尿管结石,或肾积水程度与结石大小不相符时,应考虑到有并发输尿管息肉之可能。     

输尿管结石并发输尿管息肉临床分析

目的探讨输尿管结石并发输尿管息肉的病因及发病机制，提高诊治效果。方法37例输尿管结石并输尿管息肉患者行输尿管切开取石加息肉切除或电灼34例：行输尿管切开取石加息肉段输尿管切除端端吻合术3例；术后放置输尿管支架引流管8例。结果37例术后症状全部消失。结论对长期停留在某一部位的输尿管结石应考虑到有并发输尿管息肉之可能，X线检查是诊断输尿管结石并发输尿管息肉的主要方法。     

输尿管结石并发输尿管息肉25例

我院1992/2002-02年共收治输尿管结石患者1814例,其中施行输尿管切开取石者168例,发现结石伴输尿管息肉者25例,约占同期收治输尿管结石患者的1.38％,约占同期     

输尿管结石并发息肉的输尿管镜处理

1998年5月～2003年12月，我院应用输尿管镜(URS)治疗输尿管结石并发息肉78例，效果满意。其中75例均成功碎石并处理息肉，3例改行开放手术，现报告如下。     

输尿管结石并发输尿管息肉的治疗

目的探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术并配以自制电刀治疗输尿管结石并发输尿管息肉的方法及疗效。方法对78例输尿管结石并发输尿管息肉的采用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术并配以自制电刀治疗。结果78例均获成功,患者术后症状全部消失。结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术并配以自制电刀治疗输尿管结石合并输尿管息肉,具有安全可靠、损伤少,术后恢复快等优点,是微创治疗的有效方法之一。     

输尿管结石并输尿管息肉的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨输尿管结石并输尿管息肉的临床表现及诊治方法。方法：回顾性分析13例输尿管结石并输尿管息肉患者的诊治情况。术前经B超、腹部平片加静脉尿路造影检查,均诊断为输尿管结石及肾积水;13例均行手术治疗,取出结石,切除息肉。结果：术后随访8个月～6年,术后症状全部消失。结论：输尿管结石并息肉临床上少见,二者的形成可互为因果。诊断的关键在于诊断输尿管结石时要想到输尿管息肉存在的可能。治疗上以腔内手术为主,若为恶性,则需行开放手术。     

输尿管结石并发炎性息肉22例报告

1998-2001年,我院共收治输尿管结石患者83例,其中伴输尿管炎性息肉22例(26.5％),现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料 本组输尿管结石伴炎性息肉患者22例,男15例,女7例,年龄24-67岁。病程2 d-12年,平均6.5个月。20例以肾绞痛、2例以血尿为主诉。     

腔内钬激光治疗输尿管结石并发息肉115例分析

目的：探讨钬激光治疗输尿管结石并发息肉的临床疗效及并发症的预防。方法：回顾性分析2007年5月-2008年12月我科行输尿管镜下钬激光治疗输尿管结石并发息肉115例I临床资料。结果：一次性息肉切除并碎石成功98例;例息肉切除时结石上移至肾盂内12,术后1周行体外冲击波碎石治疗,效果良好;5例输尿管上段呈N型折叠成角,息肉烧灼时致输尿管穿孔而改开放手术治疗。平均手术时间46rain（16-80min）,平均住院时间7天（4～11天）。95例随访6个月～1年,复查静脉肾盂造影显示输尿管通畅,未见明显结石残留。结论：腔内钬激光同时治疗输尿管息肉并发结石安全、有效、确切,规范、轻柔、熟练的操作技巧是预防和减少并发症发生的关键。     

输尿管结石继发炎性息肉66例

1991-01～2001-12月,共手术治疗输尿管结石356例,其中66例结石合并炎性息肉,占18.5％,现报告如下。 1 临床资料 66例中,男32例,女34例,年龄22～68(平均45)岁。病程1年至18年。左侧36例,右侧30例。上段31例,中段8例,下段27例。KUB结石影0.2 cm×0.4cm～0.6cm×1.2cm.5例为阴性结石。IVU检查51例肾功能有不同程度受损,肾脏不同程度积水。15例     

Endoscopic treatment of a long fibroepithelial ureteral polyp

A case is reported of a 30-year-old woman with a long fibroepithelial polyp in the middle ureter treated with the Ho-YAG laser endoscopically. She presented with an intermittent macroscopic hematuria and lower abdominal pain lasting for 1 year. The filling defect on urography occupying one-third of the ureter was migratory depending on the patient position. Transurethral flexible ureterorenoscopy showed a large pedunculated tumor with a small base at the middle ureter. About 1 month after the endoscopic irradiation of the Ho-YAG laser to the base of tumor, the tumor was spontaneously discharged and pathologic examination revealed it to be a fibroepithelial polyp without malignant component. Postoperatively, the patient remained asymptomatic and follow-up excretory urographs showed no abnormal findings.     

上尿路结石合并尿脓毒血症的治疗

目的探讨上尿路结石合并尿脓毒血症的治疗方案。方法回顾2014年7月~2018年5月在我院确诊收治的43例上尿路结石合并尿脓毒血症患者的临床资料,43例患者均行积极抗感染治疗,同时,一期行经输尿管镜下逆行插管术或经皮肾穿刺造瘘术,以解除梗阻,待患者感染控制后,二期行经输尿管镜或经皮肾镜碎石术。结果一期行经输尿管镜下逆行插管术29例,单侧结石23例,双侧结石6例,均成功置入导管。不宜行经输尿管镜下逆行插管术或逆行插管术失败者,在B超定位下行经皮肾穿刺造瘘术,共14例。待感染控制、病情稳定后出院,出院1个月后,再二期行腔内微创手术处理结石,碎石成功41例,碎石率95.35%(41/43),2例患者术后行体外冲击波碎石治疗,出院后3个月随访,42例患者结石排净,结石排净率为97.67%(42/43),肾功能及肾积水程度明显改善,43例患者在整个治疗过程中未出现严重并发症。结论经输尿管镜下逆行插管术或经皮肾穿刺造瘘术联合腔内微创手术是治疗上尿路结石合并尿脓毒血症的一种安全、有效的方法。     

复杂肝内胆管结石的取石策略

目的探讨复杂肝内胆管结石取石技巧,尽量降低残石率。方法回顾性分析近四年来我院收治的复杂肝内胆管结石病例225例,术中首先用取石钳钳取胆总管、肝门部胆管结石,其次胆道镜检查胆道系统,确定取石策略。然后应用取石钳钳取、胆道镜取石网篮套取、活检钳咬碎、冲击波碎石、脉冲式冲洗等多种方法联合取石,部分病人结合肝叶切除、胆肠吻合等术式。结果行胆道引流术者(含肝叶切除术)201例行T管造影结石取尽133例,结石取尽率66.2%(133/201)。行胆肠吻合术者4例术后残余结石伴胆管炎。无死亡病例。结论肝内胆管复杂结石治疗棘手,术前应准备充分、准确评估、术中遵循基本手术原则、联合多种方法取石,争取获得最佳手术效果。     

An unusual cause of complete distal ureteral obstruction: giant fibroepithelial polyp

Fibroepithelial polyp of the ureter is a rare benign neoplasm of mesodermal origin. It is an extremely rare cause of hydronephrosis in children. It usually causes partial ureteral obstruction without loss of renal function. The preferred treatment is endoscopic or surgical resection of the polyp with preservation of the renal unit. The authors present an adolescent patient with a nonfunctioning left hydronephrotic kidney caused by complete ureteral obstruction caused by a giant fibroepithelial polyp of the distal ureter. This is an extremely rare presentation and outcome of this benign ureteral neoplasm with resultant loss of renal unit.     

Outpatient basis extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for ureter stones: Efficacy of the third generation lithotripter as the first line treatment

Aim:   We assessed the efficacy of a third generation extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) machine for ureter stones using the Dornier Lithotriptor Compact Delta.
Methods:   A total of 471 consecutive ureter stones were treated with ESWL using the Dornier Lithotriptor Compact Delta from December 2001 on an outpatient basis. Four hundred and one cases were followed up at least once after the procedure and were included in this study. All of the cases, except one patient who was three years old, were treated without anesthesia, and the procedure was principally performed on outpatient basis.
Results:   The overall stone free rate was 94.5% and the mean number of treatment sessions was 1.23. The stone free rates were compared considering various clinical factors and significant differences were observed in the stone length, the stone location and the sex in univariate analysis. However, only the stone length maintained a statistically significant impact in multivariate analysis and the stone free rates were 91.2% and 98.0% respectively in larger stones (length 10mm) and smaller stones (length < 10mm) (p = 0.004). In mid-distal stones, the stone free rate was higher than that of proximal stones (97.5% vs 92.6%, p = 0.04) and not affected by stone length.
Conclusions:   Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy performed by the third generation machine achieved an excellent stone free rate with a relatively small number of treatment sessions. This procedure is strongly recommended as the first line therapy for all ureter stones including mid-distal ones.     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗小儿输尿管结石体会

目的　探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗小儿输尿管结石的效果及并发症。方法　对 10例小儿输尿管中下段结石进行输尿管镜气压弹道碎石。结果　 9例碎石成功并完全排出结石 ,1例未成功 ,1例发生输尿管损伤。结论　输尿管镜气压弹道碎石在操作熟练情况下是治疗小儿输尿管下段结石的理想方法。     

重肾双输尿管并发上位肾积水3例误诊分析

目的：分析重肾双输尿管并发上位肾积水误诊原因，探讨临床不典型囊肿、肾上腺囊肿的诊断方法。方法：回顾性分析３例重肾双输尿管并发上位肾积水误诊的临床资料。结果：左侧２例、右侧１例。均行手术治疗，术中发现为重肾双输尿管上位肾积水，解除梗阴因素并行整形，术后半年随访，无复发。结论：诊断肾囊肿、肾上腺囊肿时应考虑本病并进行相应检查；对于肾囊肿、肾上腺囊肿穿刺注射无水乙醇应慎重。     

双镜联合治疗下腔静脉后输尿管并右肾结石二例报道并文献复习

目的报道双镜联合治疗下腔静脉后输尿管并右肾结石的初步经验,探讨其手术技巧及临床疗效。 方法回顾分析2例下腔静脉后输尿管并右肾结石患者的诊治资料,2例患者行CT尿路成像（CTU）,右侧输尿管均呈典型S型改变,且合并右肾结石。手术方式均为腹腔镜下腔静脉后输尿管矫形,联合输尿管软镜碎石取石术。 结果2例患者诊断明确,术程顺利,无中转开放,手术时间分别为：115 min、108 min;术中出血分别为：30 ml、20 ml;均于术后第1天恢复肠道功能,术后第3天拔除右肾周引流管,术后复查腹部平片（KUB）均示右输尿管内双J管位置正常,右肾无结石残留,术后第5天出院,术后1个月拔除双J管。 结论腹腔镜联合输尿管软镜治疗下腔静脉后输尿管并右肾结石安全、高效,可作为该疾病的首选手术方式。     

When is open ureterolithotomy indicated for the treatment of ureteral stones?

AIM: Improvements in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureteroscopy have almost eradicated the need for open surgery in ureteral stones. The aim of this study was to assess characteristics of patients who underwent open ureterolithotomy. METHODS: During a 5-year period, a total of 654 patients with ureteral stones were treated. Initial management consisted of ureteroscopy in 524 patients, ESWL in 62 patients and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in 12 patients. Open surgery was performed in 56 patients. Stone location, size and success rates were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Ureteroscopy resulted in successful stone removal in 94%, 98% and 98.5% of proximal, mid and distal ureteral stones, respectively. A total of 14 patients with ureteroscopy failure were referred for open surgery. ESWL treatment resulted in success in 55 patients (88%), and those with ESWL failure were referred for either ureteroscopy (n = 3) or open surgery (n = 4). Open surgery was performed in a total of 56 patients, 38 of whom had been referred from other centers. Stone location was proximal ureter in 25 (44.6%) patients (stone size: 2-12 cm(2)), mid ureter in five (8.9%) patients (stone size: 2-6 cm(2)) and distal ureter in 26 (46.4%) patients (stone size: 4-9 cm(2)). A history of previous unsuccessful endourological procedure was observed in 33 (58%) of 56 patients. Children under age 16 (range 1-15 years) comprised 17.8% of patients undergoing open surgery. CONCLUSION: Open surgery, which is nowadays being replaced with laparoscopic techniques, is generally indicated for failed endourological procedures (58%), particularly in centers that do not have flexible ureteroscopy or laser lithotriptor, and in patients with larger stones (>3 cm). Children (17.8%) are also candidates for open surgery, if specifically designed endourological equipment is not available.