钛及钛合金种植体的两种表面处理对细菌黏附能力的影响

目的研究两种表面处理(等离子渗氮和物理气相沉积TiN涂层)对钛、钛合金表面的组织结构、性能及对变形链球菌黏附的影响。方法将相同规格的钛、钛合金片经逐级抛光后分别随机分成3组,每组3片,依次为抛光组,渗氮表面处理组,TiN涂层表面处理组。以抛光钛、钛合金组作为对照。测量所有试件表面的粗糙度值,并采用扫描电镜、Axiovert 25CA光学图像分析仪及GDA750对钛、钛合金表面渗镀层的表面形态进行分析;将材料接种于变形链球菌悬液,在荧光显微镜下计数黏附细菌的数量。结果两种表面处理仅使原有表面粗糙度略微增加;扫描电镜显示两种表面处理后材料表面的原始划痕消失;GDS检测分析结果表明:钛、钛合金两种表面处理后,表面主要由氮化钛化合物组成。经两种处理后,钛、钛合金黏附细菌的量显著减少,而两种表面处理差异无统计学意义。结论钛、钛合金经两种表面处理后形成了稳定的改性层,且能减少细菌的黏附。相对于有涂层脱落之忧的物理气相沉积TiN涂层技术,等离子渗氮技术有望作为种植体穿龈部和种植体基台部的表面处理技术。     

钛合金表面改性对细菌黏附的影响

目的研究钛合金表面改性形成氨化钛膜对细菌黏附能力的影响.方法制作钛合金试件144件,随机选出72件,采用多弧离子镀法在其表面改性形成氨化钛膜,钛合金为对照组,镀膜后钛合金为实验组.在实验组和对照组试件表面黏附血链球菌、黏性放线菌、白色念珠菌,分别进行细菌体外黏附实验.用菌落形成单位计数法统计分析氨化钛膜形成前后各种细菌黏附量的变化.结果在细菌黏附24、48、168h,上述3种细菌在实验组表面黏附量较对照组表面黏附量显著减少(P<0.001).结论钛合金表面改性形成氨化钛膜可抑制细菌黏附.     

氧化锆基台与钛基台细菌黏附的比较

目的:通过实验,观察细菌与菌斑在瓷沉积种植基台和钛基台上的黏附量,分析两种不同材料对细菌黏附及影响。方法:分别将氧化锆陶瓷与钛合金制作成10mm×10mm×2mm的试片,每组六片。试件表面依次用200#、400#、600#、1000#、1200#(氧化锆陶瓷在1200#水磨砂纸磨光后用松风产陶瓷抛光轮抛光)1500#、2000#,砂纸磨光。将个样本置于变形链球菌的培养液中,在37℃条件下,静态培养后培养1h。荧光显微镜下计数黏附细菌的数量。结果:氧化锆陶瓷试件粘附细菌数量少于钛合金试件黏附细菌数量(P<0.01)。结论:氧化锆陶瓷具有优良的生物学性能。一定程度上可减少细菌附着定植水平,可降低种植体周围炎的发生。     

不同消毒方法对TiO2涂层种植体抗菌性能的影响

目的研究不同消毒方法对TiO₂涂层种植体抗菌性能的影响。方法纯钛表面经0.5%质量分数的氢氟酸酸蚀后阳极氧化,制备TiO₂涂层试样作为实验组,以未经处理的纯钛试样作为对照组。采用乙醇浸泡、高压蒸汽灭菌、紫外线照射3种消毒方法处理试样。观察试样表面形貌,测量试样表面粗糙度及消毒前后去离子水在试样表面接触角,评价试样的细菌黏附能力;采用薄膜密着法进行活菌计数,验证经3种消毒方法处理后,试样抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的功效;采用场发射扫描电镜观察3种消毒方法对细菌形态的影响。结果与对照组试样相比,实验组的表面粗糙度更大,对细菌黏附能力更强。经紫外线照射消毒后,试样表面接触角小于乙醇浸泡消毒和高压蒸汽灭菌。活菌计数和场发射扫描电镜观察显示,乙醇浸泡消毒后,试样表面活菌数最多,细菌形态较完整;高压蒸汽灭菌后,试样表面活菌数较少,细菌形态受到一定程度破坏;紫外线照射消毒后,试样表面活菌数最少,细菌形态破坏最完全。结论经紫外线照射消毒后,试样的抗菌性能最佳,高压蒸汽灭菌次之,乙醇浸泡消毒效果最差。     

碱热处理结合生物化修饰促进钛表面快速内皮化的研究

目的通过对比三种钛表面的细胞相容性,探讨促进材料表面快速内皮化的方法。方法制备三种不同表面的钛片样品:抛光获得光滑表面钛片,抛光后碱热处理获得带亚微米级孔洞结构钛片,碱热处理钛片浸泡于载槲皮素的壳聚糖溶液中获得生物化修饰钛片;荧光显微镜观察人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)在三种钛片表面的活性和增殖能力。结果三种钛片表面细胞活性均良好;孵育24 h后,三种钛片上细胞密度为:生物化修饰钛片>亚微米孔洞钛片>光滑表面钛片;孵育48 h后,细胞密度差异扩大,生物化修饰钛片表面细胞增殖明显优于光滑钛片组。结论碱热处理结合载槲皮素壳聚糖膜修饰可有效促进钛表面快速内皮化。     

微孔钛在大输液制备的应用

微孔钛滤棒和滤片在大输液制备过程中的应用,引起医院制剂工作者的注意,本文简要介绍一下微孔钛的性能、规格型号和应用效果。钛元素符号是Ti,熔点1668℃,比重4.5g/cm~3,具有重量轻而强度高的特点。致密钛外观与不锈钢相似,是银白色金属、微孔钛呈浅灰色。钛表面有一层极薄而坚实的Tio_2膜,能抵抗许多化     

应用微弧氧化-水热处理法在纯钛表面制备生物梯度陶瓷涂层

目的 应用微弧氧化和水热处理技术在纯钛表面制备TiO2/HA梯度涂层,并对该涂层成分、形貌等理化性能进行评价.方法 纯钛试件分为三组,分别进行微弧氧化处理(M组)、微弧氧华-水热处理(M H组)和纯钛对照(C组).采用扫描电镜观察表面形貌并用X线衍射对其进行成分分析,通过划痕实验检测膜基结合力.结果 做弧氧化处理后试件表面呈现多孔状,主要为锐钛矿型TiO2;经过后续水热处理,从扫描电镜(SEM)照片可以看到试件表面析出一层白色柱形结晶体,同时X射线衍时仪(XRD)潜线出现了羟基磷灰石的衍射峰.结论 微弧氧化及水热处理能够增强纯钛种植体的生物相容性.     

碳化改性钛种植材料的机械物理性能的探讨

目的利用高周波诱导加热技术在钛板表面进行碳化改性,并对其机械物理性能进行探讨。方法用扫描电子显微镜观察了碳化改性钛板的表面及断面形貌;用X射线衍射仪对表面碳化层的组成进行了分析;用维氏硬度仪检测渗碳层的硬度。结果碳化改性处理后在钛板表面形成了约3μm碳化钛层;碳化钛层硬度最高可达2610HV。结论使用高周波诱导加热技术在钛板表面进行碳化改性,为其作为耐磨损性材料应用于齿科种植体领域提供了理论依据。     

钛种值体表面处理后的超微结构观察和周围骨密度的定量研究

本文运用机械抛光、喷砂和电解浸蚀表面处理技术,获得不同表面结构的钛种植体,Ｄｉｇｏｒａ牙科数字扫描仪对种植体一骨界面的不同骨区的骨密度值测量,将测得的皮质骨和松质骨的骨密度值进行统计学分析,结果表明电解浸蚀处理技术制备的微孔表面并有一定厚度氧化层和钛种植体周围具有较高的骨密度值。     

丹皮酚渗透泵片包衣膜处方工艺考察

目的对自制的丹皮酚渗透泵片进行包衣膜处方工艺考察。方法将含2.5%乙基纤维素(EC)、10%邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、10%聚乙二醇-4000(PEG-4000)的无水乙醇包衣液采用喷雾法制备成丹皮酚渗透泵片包衣膜,通过考察吸水量,观察释药前后的表面形态变化并进行包衣后的释放度测定,对包衣膜进行性质考察。结果丹皮酚渗透泵片包衣膜柔韧、致密、均匀,能保证适当的水分进入,并且释放度测定表明丹皮酚渗透泵片在12 h能实现很好的零级释放。结论将含2.5%EC、10%DBP、10%PEG-4000的无水乙醇包衣液采用喷雾法制备成的丹皮酚渗透泵片包衣膜性能良好,为丹皮酚渗透泵片包衣膜处方筛选和质量控制提供了一定的实验依据。     

氮离子溅射对钛合金表面细菌黏附的影响

目的研究氮离子溅射对钛合金表面细菌黏附能力的影响。方法制作钛合金试件144件,随机选出72件,采氮离子溅射法对其表面改性,钛合金组为对照组,氮离子溅射组为实验组。在实验组和对照组试件表面粘附血型链球菌、黏性放线菌、白色念珠菌,分别进行细菌体外黏附实验。用菌落形成单位计数法统计分析氮离子溅射前后各种细菌黏附量的变化。结果在细菌黏附24、48、168h,上述3种细菌在实验组表面黏附量较对照组表面黏附量显著减少(P<0.001)。结论氮离子溅射可抑制钛合金表面细菌黏附。     

Osseointegration of titanium with an antimicrobial nanostructured noble metal coating

Nanometer scale surface features on implants and prostheses can potentially be used to enhance osseointegration and may also add further functionalities, such as infection resistance, to the implant. In this study, a nanostructured noble metal coating consisting of palladium, gold and silver, never previously used in bone applications, was applied to machined titanium screws to evaluate osseointegration after 6 and 12 weeks in rabbit tibiae and femurs. Infection resistance was confirmed by in vitro adhesion test. A qualitatively and quantitatively similar in vivo bone response was observed for the coated and uncoated control screws, using histology, histomorphometry and electron microscopy. The bone-implant interface analysis revealed an extensive bone formation and direct bone-implant contact. These results demonstrate that the nanostructured noble metal coating with antimicrobial properties promotes osseointegration and may therefore be used to add extra implant functionality in the form of increased resistance to infection without the use of antibiotics.From the Clinical EditorThe authors of this paper demonstrate that nanostructured noble metal coating of implants and prostheses used in orthopedic procedures promotes osseointegration and may be used to add extra implant functionality in the form of increased resistance to infection without the use of antibiotics.     

Enzymatic recovery of silver from waste radiographic film: Optimize with response surface methodology

Silver is one of the valuable materials exist freely on earth crust. Worldwide, massive demand in different purpose makes silver very valuable. On information nearly twenty percent of silver were collected from non-ferrous metallurgical industry, locally generated scrap and photographic film. The toxicity of silver directly impact on surface and ground ecosystem. So it's compulsory to treat and recycle silver from waste material. To fulfil the demand of silver from waste, an enzyme from pineapple make of use. The aim of research work is to recover the silver metal from waste X-ray film by bromelain enzyme as biocatalyst. Response surface methodology full factorial design was used to optimize three operating parameters for maximum recovery of silver. The result shows silver recovery increases with increase in protein concentration, 5.4 mg of pure silver can be recovered from 600 mg of waste X-rays film at most favourable condition of protein concentration 0.2857 mg/ml; temperature 45 °C, pH6.5 and stripping time 20 min. At same optimised parameters, papain biocatalyst shows 4.8 mg and sodium hydroxide shows 5.2 mg recovery of pure silver. The obtained silver powder (grain) having 91.12% purity and total silver recovered.     

Antibacterial activity and biofilm inhibition by surface modified titanium alloy medical implants following application of silver,titanium dioxide and hydroxyapatite nanocoatings

One of the most common causes of implant failure is peri-implantitis, which is caused by bacterial biofilm formation on the surfaces of dental implants. Modification of the surface nanotopography has been suggested to affect bacterial adherence to implants. Silver nanoparticles are also known for their antibacterial properties. In this study, titanium alloy implants were surface modified following silver plating, anodisation and sintering techniques to create a combination of silver, titanium dioxide and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocoatings. Their antibacterial performance was quantitatively assessed by measuring the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis, proportion of live/dead cells and lactate production by the microbes over 24?h. Application of a dual layered silver–HA nanocoating to the surface of implants successfully inhibited bacterial growth in the surrounding media (100% mortality), whereas the formation of bacterial biofilm on the implant surfaces was reduced by 97.5%. Uncoated controls and titanium dioxide nanocoatings showed no antibacterial effect. Both silver and HA nanocoatings were found to be very stable in biological fluids with material loss, as a result of dissolution, to be less than 0.07% for the silver nanocoatings after 24?h in a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer. No dissolution was detected for the HA nanocoatings. Thus, application of a dual layered silver–HA nanocoating to titanium alloy implants creates a surface with antibiofilm properties without compromising the HA biocompatibility required for successful osseointegration and accelerated bone healing.     

载纳米银二氧化钛纳米管抑菌能力研究

摘要： 目的 检测载纳米银二氧化钛（TiO2）纳米管对于金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用, 为种植体局部给药提供理论基础。方法 利用阳极氧化法分别在 10 V 和 18 V 恒定电压下制作不同管径的排列有序的 TiO2纳米管, 将纳米银进行原位置换导入。扫描电镜以及透射电镜检测纳米银、 TiO2纳米管及载纳米银 TiO2纳米管的表面形貌, 计算纳米银的最小抑菌浓度, 于载纳米银 TiO2纳米管表面培养金黄色葡萄球菌 1、 3、 5 d 后, 测试对周围浮游菌的抑菌性, 通过扫描电镜测试抑制细菌的黏附性能。结果 紫外线照射后的载纳米银 TiO2纳米管形成更加疏水的材料表面, 18 V 电压下制备出均匀有序直径为 80～120 nm 的 TiO2纳米管, 加载直径为 20 nm 纳米银, 能有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的黏附与增殖。结论 18 V 电压下制作出的 TiO2纳米管载入浓度为 100 mmol/L 的纳米银溶液能在 3 d 内有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的黏附与增殖, 减少种植体周围炎的发生。     

Ti-6Al-7Nb 喷砂酸蚀处理后对大鼠成骨细胞的影响

摘要 目的 纯钛（Ti）和Ti-6Al-7Nb(TC20)经机械打磨和喷砂酸蚀(SLA)两种不同方法处理后,研究其内部结构、表面能对小鼠成骨细胞的影响。方法 选取纯钛和Ti-6Al-7Nb钛片若干分为实验组和对照组,对照组直接用砂纸机械打磨,实验组用含有Al203的大颗粒石英砂和配比好的酸蚀液喷砂酸蚀两种钛片表面,将从小鼠中提取的成骨细胞接种于钛片上,使用低倍数显微镜观察经过不同处理的两种钛片表面形貌,接触角测量仪分析钛片表面亲水性,将喷砂酸蚀处理的两种钛片放入模拟体液(SBF)中7d、14d、21d后用扫描电镜(SEM)、X线衍射仪(XRD)观察样品表面沉积物形貌、物相,扫描电镜观察小鼠成骨细胞形貌,MTT测量小鼠成骨细胞增殖情况。结果 纯钛和Ti-6Al-7Nb打磨组表面呈机械划痕,喷砂酸蚀组表面拥有大量孔洞形貌,喷砂酸蚀处理后的钛片表面为亲水性结构,样品浸入模拟体液14天后Ti-6Al-7Nb表面最先观察到表面覆盖的羟基磷灰石涂层, 样品浸入模拟体液后21d,Ti和Ti-6Al-7Nb表面都观察到羟基磷灰石涂层,小鼠成骨细胞大量附着在喷砂酸蚀处理的钛片表面,经统计学分析成骨细胞在喷砂酸蚀组表面增殖能力强于光滑组（P<0.05）。结论 喷砂酸蚀处理的Ti-6Al-7Nb有利于成骨细胞的黏附, 羟基磷灰石涂层有利于促进种植体与骨组织的结合。     

The antibacterial effects of silver,titanium dioxide and silica dioxide nanoparticles compared to the dental disinfectant chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans using a suite of bioassays

Metal-containing nanomaterials have the potential to be used in dentistry for infection control, but little is known about their antibacterial properties. This study investigated the toxicity of silver (Ag), titanium dioxide and silica nanoparticles (NPs) against the oral pathogenic species of Streptococcus mutans, compared to the routine disinfectant, chlorhexidine. The bacteria were assessed using the minimum inhibitory concentration assay for growth, fluorescent staining for live/dead cells, and measurements of lactate. All the assays showed that Ag NPs had the strongest antibacterial activity of the NPs tested, with bacterial growth also being 25-fold lower than that in chlorhexidine. The survival rate of bacteria under the effect of 100 mg l^?1 Ag NPs in the media was 2% compared to 60% with chlorhexidine, while the lactate concentration was 0.6 and 4.0 mM, respectively. Silica and titanium dioxide NPs had limited effects. Dialysis experiments showed negligible silver dissolution. Overall, Ag NPs were the best disinfectant and performed better than chlorhexidine. Improvements to the MIC assay are suggested.     

Graphene onto medical grade titanium: an atom-thick multimodal coating that promotes osteoblast maturation and inhibits biofilm formation from distinct species

The time needed for the osseointegration of titanium implants is deemed too long. Moreover, the bacterial colonization of their surfaces is a major cause of failure. Graphene can overcome these issues but its wet transfer onto substrates employs hazardous chemicals limiting the clinical applications. Alternatively, dry transfer technique has been developed, but the biological properties of this technique remain unexplored. Here, a dry transfer technique based on a hot-pressing method allowed to coat titanium substrates with high-quality graphene and coverage area >90% with a single transfer. The graphene-coated titanium is cytocompatible, did not induce cell membrane damage, induced human osteoblast maturation (gene and protein level), and increased the deposition of mineralized matrix compared to titanium alone. Moreover, graphene decreased the formation of biofilms from Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and even from whole saliva on titanium without killing the bacteria. These findings confirm that coating of titanium with graphene via a dry transfer technique is a promising strategy to improve osseointegration and prevent biofilm formation on implants and devices.