某三甲综合医院1 293例超长住院日患者分布特征及影响因素分析

目的 分析四川省某三甲综合医院2016年度超长住院日患者的分布特征及影响因素,探讨缩短平均住院日的措施,为提高医院医疗质量和社会经济效益提供参考。方法 回顾性收集四川省某三甲医院2016年度119 296例出院患者病案首页资料,将出院患者住院日的第99位百分位数(P99 = 40 d)定义为超长住院日,对1 293例超长住院日患者的性别、年龄、出院科室、疾病分类、住院费用等进行统计分析,采用Logistic回归模型分析超长住院日的相关影响因素。结果 2016年度全院出院患者119 296例,超长住院日(≥40 d)患者1 293例,占1.09%。全年全院住院日几何均数为7.52 d,其中超长住院日几何均数为42.24 d。超长住院日患者中,男性776例(60.02%)、女性517例(39.98%);60岁以上老年人占50.27%。前5位科室依次为:肿瘤科(22.35%)、神经内科(16.78%)、肾内科(13.69%)、骨科(9.51%)、呼吸内科(9.20%),主要疾病谱为:肿瘤(24.36%)、神经系统疾病(14.69%)、泌尿生殖系统疾病(12.84%)、呼吸系统疾病(9.67%)和影响健康状态和与保健机构接触因素(8.89%)等病种。超长住院日患者中40～49 d住院日患者占比最高(46.33%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男性、住院期间转科、手术、医疗费用支付方式为医保(相较于自费)、出院转归为好转(相较于痊愈)和某些病种(肿瘤、神经系统疾病、泌尿生殖系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病和影响健康状态和与保健机构接触因素疾病相较于其他疾病)是超长住院日的主要影响因素。结论 住院期间转科、医疗费用支付方式为超长住院日的可控因素,医疗管理部门应加强管理,完善流程,积极缩短全院平均住院日。     

Home care before and after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction in Alberta, Canada

Home care services are provided to about 10% of those admitted to hospital for acute myocardial infarction and about 20% of those discharged from hospital. The use of home care in patients with an acute myocardial infarction is growing in Alberta over the brief time span of this four year study. Those that received home care prior to a hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction were "old and frail" with a high mortality rate during and after hospitalization. The provision of home care after hospitalization selected those patients that stay in hospital longer and required more hospital care. BACKGROUND: The use of home care before and after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction is described. METHODS: Hospital discharge abstracts were used to identify patients hospitalized in alberta, canada for acute myocardial infarction which were then linked to home care administrative data. RESULTS: There were 12,648 patients with acute myocardial infarction from April 1, 1995 until March 31, 1999. Home care within 60 days prior to hospitalization was provided for 8.7% of patients with acute myocardial infarctions (n = 1097) which significantly (p = 0.023) increased from 7.6% in the fiscal year 1995/6 to 9.5% in the fiscal year 1998/9. Home care within 60 days after hospitalization was provided to 16.4% of patients with acute myocardial infarctions (n = 2076) which significantly (p < 0.000) increased from 14.1% in the fiscal year 1995/6 to 18.1% in fiscal year 1998/9. Recipients of home care were significantly older, had more comorbidities, and greater severity of illness, but were less likely to undergo coronary artery revascularization during hospitalization. After multivariate adjustment, length of hospital stay, 60 day re-admissions, and mortality were higher in those receiving home care post hospitalization. Nearly half of those receiving home care prior to hospitalization died within one year. 80% of those receiving home care prior to admission also received home care services after hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Those patients who received home care prior to a hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction were "old and frail" with a high mortality rate during and after hospitalization. The provision of home care after hospitalization selected those patients that stay in hospital longer and required more hospital care.     

基于AEP的某三级甲等医院5年住院日适当性评价

目的 运用住院日适当性评价方案（AEP）评价某三级甲等医院2009-2013年住院日适当性.方法 抽取2009-2013年间1-5月主要诊断为“肝硬化并伴有消化道静脉曲张出血”的患者病历,运用AEP进行回顾性分析,判断每一个住院日是否适当,并对不适当住院日进行原因和费用分析.结果 回顾472份病历,共计6 297个住院日.其中,942个住院日判断为无效,住院日不适当性比例为14.96％.性别、所在科室、是否节假日或周末、区域、付费方式、入院年份和其他诊断数目对住院日适当性的影响有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.不适当住院日医疗费用共计77.5万元,若能有效控制,平均每患者住院费用可下降l 641.4元,平均住院日可下降1.996天.结论 与国内外相关研究相比,研究的不适当住院日比例处于中低等水平;院内采取综合管理措施,将有助于进一步改善住院日适当性.     

慢阻肺患者住院费用影响因素的通径分析

目的 为了解慢阻肺患者住院费用的主要影响因素,减缓住院费用过快增长,减轻患者、家庭及社会的经济负担,优化医疗服务价格体系提供科学依据。方法 收集贵州省某三甲医院2015—2019年的9 223例慢阻肺患者病案首页信息,对慢阻肺患者的住院费用和住院天数进行描述性分析,并采用多元回归分析拟合通径分析模型的方法,研究慢阻肺患者住院费用的影响因素。结果 慢阻肺患者的人均住院天数为12.4 d,人均住院费用为18 598.81元,60岁以上患者占比达87.3%,医保患者占73.5%,且住院天数是影响住院费用的主要因素,总效应系数为0.719,危重型患者总效应系数为0.181排第二位。通径分析研究结果显示,年龄、医保、公费、危重、手术、药物过敏、医嘱离院不仅对住院费用存在着直接影响的效应,同时还通过住院天数间接影响着住院费用。结论 在不影响医疗质量的情况之下,按照临床路径的程序,合理缩短住院天数,并加强对于可控因素的限制,采取有效的措施,最大可能的减轻患者住院费用的负担。     

Predicting length of stay in an acute care hospital: the role of psychosocial problems.

In an acute care hospital, a major performance indicator is patient length of stay. This study, in a large university teaching acute care hospital in Canada, examined the effect of psychosocial problems on length of stay, controlling for patient demographics and medical condition. Average days stay for Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) was used as a proxy variable for severity of medical condition, and the Person-in-Environment (PIE) classification system was used to measure psychosocial problems. Data were collected on a sample of 160 patients; 78 in psychiatry and 82 in medical/surgical wards. In a regression analysis, the severity of the patient's psychosocial problem was a more significant predictor of length of stay than the DRG variable. The identification of psychosocial problems and their severity add an important and complementary dimension to research into the effectiveness of social workers in reducing length of stay. Workers found clients had significantly more problems related to their social role functioning than problems in the environment.     

脑卒中患者住院费用影响因素的通径分析

要:目的 探讨影响脑卒中患者住院费用的主要因素,为合理控制医疗费用的过快增长、减轻患者的经济负担提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2014年12月出院的安徽省某三甲医院8 585例主要诊断为脑卒中患者的病案资料,采用通径分析研究影响其住院费用的直接因素和间接因素。结果 住院日是直接影响脑卒中患者住院费用的首要因素;疾病类型、患者来源、手术情况、年龄以及出院转归在直接影响住院费用的同时,还通过住院日对住院费用存在间接影响,而住院日、性别、入院病情以及出院年份对住院费用仅存在直接作用。结论 控制脑卒中患者住院费用要以缩短平均住院日为突破口,采取综合措施,控制可控因素,有效缓解医疗费用的不合理增长,减轻患者和社会的经济负担。     

某三甲医院超长住院患者特征及影响因素分析

目的通过分析某三甲医院超长住院患者分布情况及影响因素,进一步研究影响超长住院时间的主要因素,并探讨解决方案,为加快病床的周转率,提供临床依据和方案。方法从医院病案系统收集2018年1月-2018年12月医院收治的30230例出院病历首页资料,进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析,观察主要的影响因素。结果神经外科超长住院日患者人数最高,占超长住院患者总数28.70%。在平均住院天数中,康复医学最高,为(97.98±12.43)天。神经外科次均费用较高,为(12.83±2.46)万元。相对住院次数较低组,次数较高组是较低组的1.263倍,不同类型科室、疾病类型、医保付费方式和术前天数都是影响超长住院日的主要因素。结论大型公立医院受科室、疾病类型、付费方式、术前天数、手术等外部因素影响超长住院,应引进科学管理机制,规范诊疗行为,加快诊断相关分组(diagnosis related groups,DRGs)付费的实施,同时建立预警机制。     

急性白血病患者口腔感染直接经济损失分析

目的了解急性白血病（AL）患者口腔感染所致的直接经济损失。方法对2011年1月—2013年12月山东省某三级甲等医院血液病房AL口腔感染患者进行调查,采用病例对照的方法进行1︰1配对,比较口腔感染组（病例组）与未感染组（对照组）AL患者的住院费用及住院日数等情况。结果共监测AL患者994例,发生医院感染277例,其中口腔感染17例（5.56%）。病例组患者住院费用中位数为37 327元,对照组为13 176元,病例组患者总住院费用是对照组的2.83倍,差异具有统计学意义（Z=-3.621,P＜0.001）。病例组各项住院费用均高于对照组,住院费用增加最多的是西药费、输血费、化验费和治疗费。病例组住院日数中位数为17 d,对照组为11 d,经秩和检验,两组患者住院日数中位数比较,差异具有统计学意义（Z=-3.627,P＜0.001）。结论AL患者发生口腔感染后导致住院费用增加,住院日数延长,增加了患者的经济负担。     

误诊病例的经济损失评估

目的了解临床误诊所导致的直接经济损失。方法采用1∶1配对的病例对照研究方法,调查某院2005年间所有误诊的病例,并寻找与之配对的无误诊病例,得到符合配对条件的病例共34对,计算两组病例的平均费用和平均住院日。结果误诊组的平均费用为6310元,而对照组为5496元(p=0.005);误诊组的平均住院日为9.6d,而对照组为8.3d(p=0.012)。费用的增加以西药费为最高,占总增加费用的34.1%,其次是治疗费、化验费和检查费,分别占22.5%、15.3%和10.4%。结论误诊增加了医疗费用支出,延长了住院日。降低误诊率可以减少浪费,提高经济效益和社会效益。     

Intermediate hospital care for subacute elderly patients as an alternative to prolonged acute hospitalization

Objective

We evaluated the rapid discharge of older patients with reactivated chronic diseases from an acute general hospital to an intermediate care hospital.

Methods

A cohort study was carried out. Compliance with predefined quality standards and patient selection were evaluated.

Results

Sixty-eight patients (mean age 82.6 years, 48.5% men) were discharged from the emergency department (69.1%) or medical wards (mean [SD] global length of stay 2.6 [2.9] days in acute wards and 1.5 [1.6] days in the emergency department). Mean post-acute length of stay (SD) was 11.4 (4.2) days. Fifty-six patients (82.4%) were discharged to their previous living situation (home or nursing home), two back to the emergency department, seven to long-term care, and three died. All quality standards were met. In a multivariate analysis, male gender and a higher risk of malnutrition were associated with an increased risk of not returning to the previous living situation (p <0.05).

Conclusions

Intermediate care for selected patients with reactivated chronic diseases might represent an alternative to prolonged acute hospitalization.     

2003—2015年北京市精神疾病住院病人医疗服务基本状况分析

目的：本研究通过对2003-2015年北京市精神疾病住院病人医疗服务基本状况进行分析,为合理配置精神卫生资源和有效使用医疗费用提供数据依据。方法：本研究采用描述性统计方法分析精神疾病住院病人的出院人次、平均住院日和住院费用情况。结果：2003-2015年北京市精神疾病住院病人出院人次逐年增多,从2003年的7861人次,增加到2015年的24898人次,年平均增长速度为10.08%。2011年以来的平均住院日较低,均在40天左右。日均费用逐年增长,从2003年 131.04元增加到2015年的461.02元,年平均增长速度为11.05%。结论：精神疾病患者住院需求逐渐增大,医疗费用快速增长,亟需调整付费政策以促进医疗费用的合理有效使用。     

医院获得性败血症对患者住院费用及住院日影响的回顾性研究

目的探讨医院获得性败血症对患者住院费用及住院日的影响,为优化医院卫生资源的配置,减少因败血症引起的经济负担提供科学依据。方法回顾性调查2012年6月1日—2015年5月31日厦门市某三级甲等教学医院确诊医院获得性败血症的住院患者,按照1∶1匹配设立对照组,比较两组间的住院费用与住院日。结果共纳入病例285例,匹配对照285例。病例组住院费用（中位数）为19 718.39元,高于对照组的住院费用（中位数为9 289.04元）;病例组的住院日数（中位数）为14.89 d,长于对照组的住院日数（9.22 d）,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。不同年龄组和科室间因败血症造成的疾病负担存在差别。病例组的好转率为76.49%（218/285）,低于对照组的83.51%（238/285）,两组间差异具有统计学意义（χ2=2.562,P=0.009）。结论败血症作为较为常见的血流感染性疾病,不仅增加了诊疗费用,同时影响了医院病床的周转。发展快速有效的诊疗手段,预防和控制败血症意义重大。     

缩短术前平均住院日的实践与思考

平均住院日长是我国医院发展中的一大问题,通过制定临床路径使术前住院日降为1天(即当日住院次日手术)的干预实施,将该病种的平均住院日缩短了3.2天,同时观察到该病种干预后医疗质量稳定,干预病区各项效率效益指标都有明显提高,患者住院费用下降了17.8%,满意度也大幅提高。     

临床重点疾病的不适当住院日研究

目的对新疆某三级甲等医院重点疾病的住院天数进行回顾性研究,发现诊疗流程中存在的不适当住院日,预测平均住院日的缩短空间。方法依照三级综合医院评审标准及实施细则,在重点疾病监测指标中选择某院2010—2012年3个内科疾病：高血压、急性心肌梗死、慢性阻塞性肺病：两个外科疾病：前列腺增生、颅脑损伤共200份病案资料的2496个住院日进行回顾性研究,并对可能影响的变量进行回归分析。结果2496个住院日中不适当住院日共217天,占到了8．7％,引起不适当住院日的三大主要因素分别是等待检查报告、出院不及时和等待手术,共产生177个不适当住院日,占到了不适当住院总天数的81．6％。结论高血压、急性心肌梗死、慢性阻塞性肺病、前列腺增生、颅脑损伤的平均住院日可以进一步缩短,其缩短幅度分别是1．3天、0．7天、1．0天、1．3天和1．1天。     

Measuring the Hospital Length of Stay/Readmission Cost Trade‐Off Under a Bundled Payment Mechanism

If patients are discharged from the hospital prematurely, many may need to return within a short period of time. This paper investigates the relationship between length of stay and readmission within 30 days of discharge from an acute care hospitalization. It applies a two‐part model to data on Medicare patients treated for heart attack in New York state hospitals during 2008 to obtain the expected cost of readmission associated with length of stay. The expected cost of a readmission is compared with the marginal cost of an additional day in the initial stay to examine the cost trade‐off between an extra day of care and the expected cost of readmission. The cost of an additional day of stay was offset by expected cost savings from an avoided readmission in the range of 15% to 65%. Results have implications for payment reform based on bundled payment reimbursement mechanisms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

某三级医院ICU多重耐药菌医院感染经济负担研究

 目的 探讨重症监护病房(ICU)住院患者多重耐药菌(MDROs)医院感染的归因住院费用与住院时间。方法 选取某三级医院2017年10月—2018年12月入住ICU的1 378例患者为研究对象,其中发生MDROs医院感染者167例(MDROs组),其余患者1 211例(非MDROs组)。采用倾向指数匹配法(PSM)对MDROs组和非MDROs组进行1∶1匹配,对匹配后患者的住院费用和住院时间进行统计分析。结果 经PSM成功匹配166对,成功匹配率99.40%,匹配后MDROs组和非MDROs组住院时间中位数分别为34、16 d,中位数差值为18 d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);住院总费用分别为220 205.83、93 380.81元,差值为126 825.02元,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。除影像诊断费用外,MDROs组医疗服务费用、治疗操作费用、护理费用、实验诊断费用、临床诊断费用、西药费用和抗菌药物费用均高于非MDROs组(均P<0.05),其中两组间西药费用差值最大,为63 828.46元。结论 ICU患者发生MDROs医院感染会增加患者住院时间,加重患者经济负担,应采取措施进行防控。     

What has influenced patient health‐care expenditures in Japan?: variables of age,death, length of stay,and medical care

This study considers variables related to health-care expenditures associated with aging and long-term hospitalization in Japan. We focused on daily per capita inpatient health-care expenditures, and examined the impact of inpatient characteristics such as sex, age, survived or deceased, length of stay, adult disease, and type of medical care received during the duration of each stay. We analyzed data from the Survey of Medical-Care Activities in Public Health Insurance by multinomial logistic regression analyses. Age of patient had little impact on per capita inpatient health-care expenditures per day. As regards length of stay, inpatient stays of 8-14 days had a little impact on health-care expenditures. This study suggested that these results might be due to the kind of medical care received. More research is needed to determine the appropriate medical services to reduce long-term hospitalization. In the last month of care for patients who died, medical examinations had a great influence on health-care expenditures. This study showed that increasing medical examinations in the end-of-life care needs further investigation.     

Should the food intake of patients admitted to acute hospital services be routinely supplemented? A randomized placebo controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Many patients admitted to acute hospital services are underweight or harbour vitamin deficiencies. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect on patient throughput of a policy of routine vitamin supplementation, and of early routine sipfeed supplementation in 'thin' patients (5-10% weight loss or body mass index 18-22). DESIGN: Factorial randomized placebo controlled trial of oral multivitamins from the first day of admission, and, after nutritional screening, of a nutritionally complete sipfeed from the second day in 'thin' patients. SETTING: Acute medical, surgical and orthopaedic hospital services of a London teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 1561 patients admitted as emergencies were included in the vitamin study of which 549 were included in the sipfeed study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Length of hospital stay (LOS). RESULTS: Offering multivitamins to acute admissions resulted in a mean change (reduction) in LOS of -0.4 days 95% CI (-2-1.2days). The results suggest greater reductions for those discharged after 10 days: mean change=-2.3 days 95% CI (-5.7 to 1.2). Sipfeed supplementation was associated with an increased mean length of stay 2.8 days 95% CI (-0.8-6.3). 18% of acute admissions were classified undernourished on the basis of BMI, MUAC or percent weight loss combined. CONCLUSIONS: No benefit was observed for sipfeed intervention although a small benefit of less than one day is not excluded. Vitamin supplementation may have slight but economically important benefit.     

非计划再手术对平均住院费用及平均住院日影响研究

以某综合性三甲医院2007-2008年全部住院手术患者为研究对象,通过分析非计划再手术病例,探讨非计划再手术病例的平均住院日和平均住院费用.共分析2007-2008年非计划再手术病例共432例,平均住院日42.83天,平均住院费用68 810元.非计划再手术延长了住院天数,增加了住院费用.     

Factors related to hospital stay among patients with nosocomial infection acquired in the intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of nosocomial infection on length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to determine the relative effect of other factors on extra length of hospitalization associated with nosocomial infection. DESIGN: Prospective cohort multicenter study in the context of the ENVIN-UCI project. SETTING: Medical or surgical ICUs of 49 different hospitals in Spain. METHODS: All consecutive patients (N = 6,593) admitted to ICUs of the participating hospitals who stayed for more than 24 hours during a 3-month period (from January 15 to April 15, 1996) were included. Length of ICU stay was compared between patients with and without nosocomial infections. RESULTS Uninfected patients (N = 5,868) had a median stay in the ICU of 3 days, whereas the median for infected patients (N = 725) was 17 days (P < .001). The median for infected patients with one episode of nosocomial infection was 13 days. The greatest length of stay (40 days) was among patients admitted to the ICU because of medical diseases, with an infection acquired before admission to the ICU, and with the largest number of nosocomial infection episodes. In extended stays, nosocomial infection was significantly associated with length of hospitalization (day 21; odds ratio, 22.38; 95% confidence interval 16.6 to 30.4), whereas an effect of variables related to severity of illness on admission (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, urgent surgery, and infection prior to ICU admission) was not found. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of nosocomial infection and the number of infection episodes were the variables with the strongest association with prolonged hospital stay among ICU patients.