大鼠用于尿生成影响因素的实验研究

目的 探讨超龄超重大鼠代替家兔进行尿生成影响因素实验的可行性。方法 按照应用家兔进行尿生成的实验方法，观察超龄超重大鼠在各种因素影响下尿量的变化。结果 快速静脉输入生理盐水、葡萄糖、速尿后尿量明显增加，输入去甲肾上腺素和刺激迷走神经时尿量明显减少或无尿。结论 各项因素对超龄超重大鼠尿量变化影响显著，超龄超重大鼠可以代替家兔进行尿生成影响因素的实验。     

超龄超重大鼠在生理实验课教学中的应用

为节省动物经费开支和提高实验课教学效果,我们应用超龄超重大鼠代替家兔完成了哺乳动物血压调节实验课教学改革,结果表明:实验结果稳定,重复性好,解决了家兔牵拉颈总动脉时血压变化不稳定的缺点,并节约了大量的实验经费.     

超龄超重大鼠用于呼吸运动调节的生理实验教学

呼吸运动调节实验是生理学教学中较重要的实验课内容,已往常规采用家兔为实验对象,由于实验经费短缺,如能应用超龄超重大鼠完成呼吸运动调节实验,既能节约实验经费又能解决超重大鼠的利用,为此我们进行了该项研究。     

L-精氨酸对家兔生理及失血性休克后尿量的影响

在以往的许多生理学实验中,尿生成的影响因素实验常因无尿而使实验失败,而且持续严重的失血休克可导致肾功能障碍,尿量减少,甚至无尿。临床上在休克后给予补充生理盐水等各种措施可恢复血压,维持各种生命活动。Ｌ－精氨酸是生成ＮＯ的底物,ＮＯ是一种有许多生理、病理作用的气体物质,ＮＯ可扩张血管,改善肾循环,从而对尿的生成有影响及对肾功能有保护作用。本实验观察了Ｌ－精氨酸对家兔尿生成的影响,观察了腹腔注射Ｌ－精氨酸组与对照组在生理条件下及失血性休克后的尿量,做ｔ检验,结果显示有差异     

自体血浆作为离体肾灌流液的研究

目的：取家兔血浆作为灌流液，用于离体肾的实验研究，为该方法在我国更广泛地开展提供实验依据。方法：20只健康家兔分为血清、全血和血浆稀释液三组。经左肾动脉插管、离体、缺血和再灌流，分别检测各组肾的尿生成情况和超微结构的变化。结果：血浆稀释液组的肾脏尿生成时间可达1．53±0．77小时，平均尿量为1．82±1．65ml·min－1。肉眼未见明显肾肿胀。电镜下可见肾小球滤过膜和肾小管上皮细胞结构的损害明显轻于全血稀释组。结论：自体血浆可作为一种常规灌流液用于离体肾的实验研究。     

磁场对家兔尿生成的影响

本文从磁场对家兔尿生成的理化特性变化的角度,来探讨利用磁场治疗尿路结石的机理。实验结果表明,在旋磁作用下(表面静磁场为2000GS),家兔尿的 pH 值、比重增高,尿量增加,有机物成分明显降低,尿滴节律呈“洪峰样”,与对照组比较具有显著性差异。说明磁场对尿路结石具有预防和治疗的效果。     

微创法改进"影响尿生成因素实验"的研究

“影响尿生成的因素”是生理学实验教学的内容。传统实验方法是采用膀胱插管法或输尿管插管术导尿来测定尿量，用动脉插管法来测定动脉血压。实验多用家兔，要全身麻醉，手术创伤大，家兔多难以耐受。学生实验耗时长，实验成功率不高，实验结果不稳定。在教学实践中，笔者为了提高实验效果，对传统实验方法进行改进，主要有2点，一是用动脉留置针行股动脉穿刺法进行动脉血压测量，二是用尿道插管法导尿测定尿量。通过多次实验探索，认为该方法稳定可靠，较传统方法有明显优点，不但在教学实验有应用价值，在相关科研实验也有潜在应用价值。     

影响尿生成因素实验方法的探讨

影响尿生成的因素是泌尿生理的唯一一次教学实验课,其目的是通过尿量的改变来观察各种因素对尿生成的影响。用传统的实验方法实验效果不佳。为了提高实验效果,在教学实践中,我们比较了不同的实验方法,对实验效果的影响。１实验方法在学生实验课中,采用三种实验方法。...     

迷走神经剪断对兔尿生成实验的影响

目的研究迷走神经剪断对兔尿生成实验的影响。方法实验动物分成三组:假手术对照组(C组);左侧迷走神经剪断组(L组);右侧迷走神经剪断组(R组)。将兔麻醉后行气管、左侧颈总动脉和膀胱插管,采用BL-420生物信号记录仪记录血压和尿量,观察剪断右侧或左侧迷走神经对兔尿生成实验的影响。结果与结论与剪断迷走神经前比较,剪断迷走神经后,兔血压显著升高,尿量显著增多(p<0.01);与正常对照组比较,剪断迷走神经左侧或右侧组静脉注射生理盐水后,血压显著升高,尿量显著增多(p<0.01),注射去甲肾上腺素和垂体后叶素使血压升高效果增强,尿量减少效应减弱(均p<0.01);迷走神经剪断的两组之间比较,右侧组比左侧组的结果变化更明显(均p<0.05)。说明迷走神经剪断对兔尿生成实验具有显著影响,推断其机制可能与心房钠尿肽分泌增多有关。     

苦参碱的利尿作用及与药代动力学之间的关系

目的：研究苦参碱的利尿作用及作用时间与其药代动力学特征之间的相关性。方法：运用家兔尿管集尿法,观察灌服苦参碱后家兔尿量的变化。用HPLC法测定苦参碱在大鼠口服后的血浆浓度。结果：苦参碱90mg/kg灌服可显著地加家兔的尿量（P＜0．01）。最大效应出现在灌服的60min后,且维持时间可达灌服后的180min,大鼠口服后血浆药物达峰时间Tmax平均为55min,t1/2β平均为102min。结论：苦参碱对家兔有显著的利尿作用,其效应的维持相对滞后于药物在血浆中的衰减。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.