FGF对关节软骨细胞基质及其TGFβ1表达的作用

目的:观察成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)对培养兔关节软骨细胞基质及转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)表达的影响.方法:培养1月龄新西兰兔关节软骨细胞,在每次换液时加入FGF 100 ng/ml,铺满后收集细胞,作关节软骨细胞TGFβ1检测及电镜免疫组织化学观察.采用氯胺T法和Antonopoulos法,作细胞基质的胶原和蛋白多糖含量测定.结果:FGF能明显促进胶原和蛋白多糖的合成,并且与剂量、时间呈正相关(P＜0.01).光镜下实验组细胞明显呈棕色,电镜下细胞膜表面有明显的胶金颗粒粘附.结论:FGF能促进关节软骨细胞TGFβ1的表达及基质合成,推迟了关节软骨细胞的成熟,维持细胞的软骨表现型,这些作用有利于关节软骨损伤后的修复,可能具有一定的临床意义.     

苯对小鼠胚胎肢芽和中脑细胞分化与增殖的影响

目的 探讨苯对胚胎肢芽、中脑细胞分化和增殖的影响及对肢芽器官发育的影响.方法 分离12d龄小鼠胚胎肢芽和中脑细胞进行微团培养,观察肢芽和中脑细胞的分化与增殖;结果 随着苯染毒浓度的增加,胚胎肢芽细胞分化为软骨细胞的集落数逐渐减少,中脑细胞形成神经集落数减少、体积小,集落细胞间突起数量减少,肢芽细胞和中脑细胞增殖率下降,均具有较明显的剂量-效应关系;苯对肢芽细胞的半数分化抑制浓度(dID50)和半数增殖抑制浓度(pID50)分别为89.93μmol/L和396.77μmol/L,对中脑细胞的dID50和pID50分别为116.29μmol/L和831.46μmol/L,对细胞分化的抑制作用大于对增殖的抑制作用.结论 苯对胚胎中脑及肢芽细胞的分化和增殖有特异性抑制作用,可能对胚胎骨和脑具有发育毒性.     

CDMP1诱导成纤维细胞向成软骨细胞表型分化的实验研究

目的应用软骨形态发生蛋白-1(CDMPI)生长因子,体外诱导真皮成纤维细胞向成软骨细胞表型分化,探讨其作为组织工程化软骨种子细胞的可行性.方法取成人真皮成纤维细胞,体外扩增至第2代,以加入CDMPl生长因子(100ng/mL)的含10%胎牛血清的F-12培养液诱导,每3 d换液1次,进行单层培养,对照组为不加CDMPl培养的成纤维细胞.7 d后,免疫荧光检测Ⅱ型胶原分泌,RT-PCR检测Aggrecan、Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达.结果诱导后成纤维细胞细胞形态由梭形向软骨细胞样多角形、多边形转变.Ⅱ型胶原免疫荧光检测表达阳性,RT-PCR检测Aggrecan、Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达阳性.结论成纤维细胞在CDMPI生长因子诱导下能向成软骨细胞表型分化,并能分泌软骨细胞特异性基质,有可能成为软骨组织工程新的种子细胞来源.     

BMP-2诱导肌源性干细胞转化为软骨样细胞的体外实验研究

目的 体外定向诱导大鼠肌源性干细胞(MDSCs)向软骨细胞转化,并对诱导细胞进行鉴定.方法 用差速贴壁的方法对SD大鼠MDSCs进行分离和培养.用骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP2)将MDSCs进行诱导分化,9 d后取出标本,行甲苯胺蓝染色检测软骨基质的分泌,免疫组织化学检测软骨特异性Ⅱ型胶原表达.RT-PCR检测Ⅱ型胶原和聚集蛋白聚糖(aggrecan)的mRNA表达.结果 5 d后镜下见细胞形态由梭形向多边多角形转化.9 d后诱导组甲苯胺蓝染色阳性,Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化检测阳性,RT-PCR检测Ⅱ型胶原和aggrecan mRNA呈阳性表达.结论 BMP-2可诱导MDSC向软骨细胞转化.     

脂肪间充质干细胞成软骨细胞诱导后的再培养

目的 探索藻酸盐凝胶中高密度培养脂肪间充质干细胞(ADSCs)成软骨细胞诱导后,利用凝胶释放的细胞再培养形成软骨组织的新方法。方法 取大鼠腹股沟脂肪组织,Ⅰ型胶原酶消化得到ADSCs原代培养,传代后采用流式细胞术检测间充质细胞表面CD90、CD44表达鉴定细胞。将第6代细胞高密度培养于藻酸钙凝胶中,用软骨诱导培养基诱导培养2周,将细胞放自凝胶中释放并单层培养成软骨诱导2周,观察细胞变化。培养出的组织块经Ⅱ型胶原酶消化后,行免疫细胞化学染色,检测软骨特异性Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的表达。结果 ADSCs原代呈梭形生长,传代后呈规律排列旋涡状生长,间充质干细胞表面CD90、CD44呈阳性。藻酸钙-ADSCs成软骨诱导2周后,释放出的细胞贴壁后逐渐聚集,形成一定体积的质硬组织块,免疫组化检测显示,新生组织块细胞胞质中软骨特异性Ⅱ型胶原蛋白呈阳性表达,表明大鼠ADSCs向软骨细胞分化。结论 藻酸盐凝胶中高密度培养大鼠ADSCs成软骨细胞诱导后,利用诱导后的细胞再培养可形成新的软骨组织。     

CDMP1诱导大鼠脂肪干细胞体外成软骨细胞的实验研究

目的:应用软骨形态发生蛋白(CDMP1)体外诱导SD 大鼠脂肪干细胞向软骨方向分化,探讨其作为软骨组织工程种子细胞的可行性以及CDMP1诱导的最佳剂量.方法:无菌取8只SD大鼠腹股沟脂肪组织,脂肪干细胞体外培养至第二代,以1×104/孔密度接种于24孔培养板里,12 h 后加入诱导液(10 mL/L新生牛血清-DMEM培养液, CDMP1),分ABCD四组(A组:50 μg/L CDMP1 基础培养液; B组:100 μg/L CDMP1 基础培养液;C组:150 μg/L CDMP1 基础培养液;D组:基础培养液 ),以D组为阴性对照组.诱导14 d,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态的变化,MTT法测定CDMP1对其增殖分化能力的影响,行甲苯胺蓝和Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色.结果:诱导后可见脂肪干细胞形态由长梭型明显向软骨细胞的多角形方向转变.MTT法测定CDMP1对脂肪干细胞的增殖能力提高,其中以C组为最,但ABC三组之间两两比较无统计学意义,故提示CDMP1诱导的最佳浓度约为50 μg/L .甲苯胺蓝染色法示糖胺聚糖(GAG)均匀分布于基质中,免疫组化示诱导组Ⅱ型胶原表达阳性,对照组未见阳性表达.结论:CDMP1诱导大鼠脂肪干细胞可以分泌软骨特异性基质糖胺聚糖(GAG)和Ⅱ型胶原,并使其向软骨方向增殖分化,以50 μg/L 为CDMP1诱导的最佳浓度,并有望成为软骨组织工程种子细胞的新来源的方法之一.     

胶原-纤维蛋白混合凝胶对关节软骨细胞合成Ⅱ型胶原的影响

目的：以胶原蛋白和人血纤维蛋白混合物为载体在体外进行关节软骨细胞三维立体培养,构建人工软骨组织,研究载体对软骨细胞在其中的表达及合成Ⅱ型胶原的影响。方法：取2周龄的新生兔关节软骨,经消化,将获得的软骨细胞与牛Ⅰ型胶原、人血冻干纤维蛋白原、凝血酶按一定比例混合,制成软骨培养物并在体外培养。培养第3周时,取材进行Masson染色、Ⅱ型胶原寡核苷酸探针原位杂交和Ⅱ型胶原的免疫组化观察。 结果：体外培养3周,培养物内细胞大部分存活, Masson染色形成软骨陷窝,同源性细胞簇出现,细胞周围有蓝色物质环绕存在,原位杂交证实其软骨细胞表达Ⅱ型胶原mRNA,免疫组化证实软骨细胞分泌Ⅱ型胶原。 结论：用胶原蛋白和人血纤维蛋白为载体支架体外培养软骨细胞,可促进关节软骨细胞合成分泌Ⅱ型胶原,Ⅱ型胶原是软骨组织最主要的细胞外基质成分。     

成人脂肪来源干细胞定向诱导分化为软骨细胞的实验研究

[目的] 诱导脂肪组织来源干细胞(ADSCs)定向分化为软骨细胞并进行鉴定,为软骨组织工程获取大量种子细胞做准备.[方法] 对患者抽脂术的脂质部分进行分离培养及传代,采用四氮唑复合物(MTT)法测定细胞活性并描绘细胞增殖曲线,通过流式细胞仪将培养的细胞行干细胞鉴定,将第4代的ADSCs向软骨细胞定向诱导分化并行阿新蓝染色鉴定;免疫组化检测成软骨方向诱导后的ADSCsⅡ型胶原的表达.[结果] ADSCs体外增殖速度快,并且保持稳定的倍增率直至13～15代;流式细胞仪分析提示该细胞具有干细胞特性;通过定向分化技术,ADSCs可向软骨细胞分化,阿新蓝染色及Ⅱ型胶原表达均呈阳性,说明定向分化后的细胞具备正常软骨细胞的功能.[结论] 成功诱导ADSCs向软骨细胞定向分化,为软骨组织工程提供了可靠的种子细胞.     

骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养及定向诱导软骨细胞的实验研究

目的　体外培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞并向软骨细胞表型分化 ,探讨其作为组织工程软骨种子细胞的可行性。方法　取成年大鼠股骨骨髓 ,体外培养、纯化。取第三代成年大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞 ,实验组用HG DMEM无血清培养液诱导 ;对照组用含 1 0 %胎牛血清的HG DMEM培养液自然分化。形态学观察 ,免疫组化检测Ⅱ型胶原分泌。结果　大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞为均一的成纤维细胞样。实验组与对照组Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化阳性率有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　成年大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞在特定的培养基能向软骨细胞方向转化 ,作为软骨组织工程种子细胞具有可行性     

CDMP1诱导成纤维细胞向成软骨细胞表型分化的实验研究

目的 应用软骨形态发生蛋白-1(CDMP1)生长因子，体外诱导真皮成纤维细胞向成软骨细胞表型分化，探讨其作为组织工程化软骨种子细胞的可行性方法取成人真皮成纤维细胞，体外扩增至第2代，以加入cDMP1生长因子(100ng／mL)的含10％胎牛血清的F-12培养液诱导，每3d换液1次，进行单层培养，对照组为不加CDMP1培养的成纤维细胞-7d后，免疫荧光检测Ⅱ型胶原分泌，RT-PCR检测Aggrecan、Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达。结果 诱导后成纤维细胞细胞形态由梭形向软骨细胞样多角形、多边形转变。Ⅱ型胶原免疫荧光检测表达阳性，RT-PCR检测Aggrecan、Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达阳性。结论 成纤维细胞在CDMP1生长因子诱导下能向成软骨细胞表型分化，并能分泌软骨细胞特异性基质，有可能成为软骨组织工程新的种子细胞来源。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.