Organizational features of workplace and job engagement among Swiss healthcare workers

The aim of this study was to determine the engagement level among healthcare workers in a Swiss hospital, identifying organizational predictors that could affect it. A four-part survey (a demographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Areas of Worklife Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire) was completed by 206 nurses and physicians. With regards to organizational predictors of job engagement, energy was primarily influenced by workload, involvement by values, and efficacy by reward. Moreover, we found that engagement might affect psychophysical health conditions: better health generally corresponds to higher levels of engagement. These results confirm that engagement is influenced by organizational variables and that engaged employees are generally more healthy and efficient. Therefore, interventions to minimize the impact of work stressors and to improve engagement are needed. Effective management of excessive workload, higher levels of autonomy, and greater job support are vital to limit psychological problems of healthcare workers.     

ICU护士发生职业倦怠高危因素分析及对策研究

目的探究ICU护士发生职业倦怠的高危因素以及相关对策。方法选择本院400例ICU护士做调查问卷调查,问卷包括护士一般情况调查表、护士职业倦怠问卷、护士工作压力源量表与一般自我效能感问卷。采用Logistic逐步回归分析影响ICU护士发生职业倦怠的高危因素。结果根据职业倦怠量表(MBI),400例ICU护士发生轻度倦怠169例(42.3%),中度倦怠117例(29.3%),重度倦怠14例(3.5%),未发生倦怠100例(25.0%),总体倦怠发生率为75.0%。Logistic回归分析表明,性别、年龄、婚姻状况、最高学历等因素对ICU护士是否发生职业倦怠影响较小。家庭交流状况、护龄、倒班状况、专业知识培训、心理素质训练、沟通训练、身体健康以及投诉状况是影响ICU护士发生职业倦怠的高危因素。经Logistic回归逐步分析可知,专业知识训练对ICU护士是否发生职业倦怠影响最大(OR=6.213),身体健康状况较差、家庭交流状况较差、家庭交流状况较差、未参加心理素质训练、护龄、夜班多、未参加沟通训练、被投诉影响最小(OR=2.473)。结论家庭交流状况、护龄、倒班状况、专业知识培训、心理素质训练、沟通训练、身体健康以及投诉状况等均是影响ICU护士发生职业倦怠的高危因素。医院管理者通过加强护患沟通能力并积极进行心理培训等对策,能够显著缓解ICU护士的职业倦怠的状况。     

护士角色压力、组织支持感与工作投入的关系研究

[目的]探讨护士角色压力、组织支持感和工作投入的关系。[方法]采用角色压力量表、组织支持感量表和工作投入量表对天津5所三级甲等医院420名护士进行问卷调查,并对其影响因素进行 Pearson 相关分析和多重线性回归分析。[结果]护士角色压力与工作投入呈显著负相关,与组织支持感也呈显著负相关;护士组织支持感与工作投入呈显著的正相关;组织支持感在护士角色压力对工作投入的关系中起部分中介作用。[结论]管理者应采取措施,提高护士的组织支持感,从而降低其角色压力,促使护士以积极状态投入工作,改善整体护理服务质量。     

Relationship between burnout and occupational stress among nurses in China

AIM: This article is a report of a study of occupational burnout among nurses in China. BACKGROUND: Burnout is described as feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. It is well-known that burnout is a major problem for many professions. Nurses are considered to be particularly susceptible to this. Measuring burnout among nurses is important because their well-being has implications for stability in the healthcare workforce and for the quality of care provided. METHOD: The sample consisted of 495 nurses from three provincial hospitals in China. The Maslach Burnout Inventory -- General Survey (MBI-GS) was used to measure burnout, and the Occupational Stress Inventory -- Revised edition was used to measure two dimensions of occupational adjustment (occupational stress and coping resources). After statistical testing for validity and reliability of the MBI-GS with nurses in China, participants' scores were evaluated and analysed. RESULTS: Scores for burnout of surgical and medical nurses were statistically significantly higher than those of other nurses (P < 0.05). Lower educational status was associated with lower professional efficacy, and younger nurses reported higher levels of burnout. The most significant predictors of emotional exhaustion were role overload, responsibility, role insufficiency and self-care (P < 0.05). The most significant predictors of cynicism were role insufficiency, role boundary, responsibility and self-care (P < 0.05). The most significant predictors of professional efficacy were role insufficiency, social support and rational/cognitive coping (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is important to reduce occupational stress in nurses and to strengthen their coping resources to prevent burnout. This could be achieved with job redesign, modification of shiftwork systems, and by offering occupational health education.     

三级甲等医院临床护士职业紧张度调查

[目的]了解三级甲等医院护士职业紧张度水平，探讨临床护士紧张的主要影响因素。[方法]采用一般情况调查表和职业紧张度量表（OSI—R）对北京市某三级甲等医院临床护士242名进行问卷调查。[结果]不同年龄、工龄、学历、职称、科室、婚姻及子女情况的临床护士之间OSI-R各项得分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；患有神经衰弱的护士与未患护士得分差异显著（P〈0．01）；护士个体紧张反应的主要影响因素有工作环境、角色界限不清、休闲、社会支持、任务模糊、任务过重。[结论]盘床护士的职业紧张度水平处于中等。在不同年龄、层次、家庭情况的护士之间没有明显差异；患有神经衰弱的护士职业紧张度水平高于未患护士；改善护士工作环境。明确护士职责及护士角色。鼓励适当的休闲。增强社会支持是缓解护士职业紧张的有效措施。     

护士职业应激与精神卫生状况分析

[目的 ]了解护士职业应激与精神卫生状况及其相关性。 [方法 ]应用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表 (SAS)及护士职业压力源量表对 779名在岗护士进行调查。 [结果 ]护士抑郁和焦虑发生率分别为3 6.3 %和 14 .2 % ,两者并存者占 11.6% ,SDS和SAS标准分均值与国内常模比较有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;护士职业应激总分 1.97分± 0 .460分 ;精神卫生与职业应激呈高度正相关 (P <0 .0 0 1)。 [结论 ]护士群体精神卫生状况低下 ,与其职业应激密切相关。管理者应在引导护士正确认识和舒缓职业应激的同时 ,考虑到女性的社会脆弱因素及其独特的生理特征     

长沙市临床护士职业压力与职业倦怠的相关性研究

目的探讨长沙市临床护士职业压力与职业倦怠的关系,为医院临床护理管理者预防和干预临床护士职业压力和职业倦怠提供依据。方法采用临床护士一般资料调查表、职、№压力问卷和职业倦怠问卷对长沙市5所综合性医院的412名临床护士进行问卷调查。结果临床护士职业压力总均分为（3．77±0.48）分,其中人际关系得分为（3．93±0．56）分居首位;职业倦怠总均分为（3．82±0．40）分,其中情感衰竭得分为（3．27±0．58）分居首位,职业压力和职业倦怠均处于高水平;低成就感与职业压力及其患者态度和职业发展维度呈正相关（P〈0．05）,情感衰竭与职业压力及其人际关系、患者态度、危重患者、职业发展维度呈正相关（P〈0．05）,职业倦怠及其人格解体维度与职业压力及其各维度均呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论长沙市临床护士的职业压力和职业倦怠均处于高水平,腹引起医院管理者和社会的重视。     

The role of aggressions suffered by healthcare workers as predictors of burnout

Aims and objectives. To examine the prevalence of aggression against healthcare professionals and to determine the possible impact that violent episodes have on healthcare professionals in terms of loss of enthusiasm and involvement towards work. The objective was to analyse the percentage of occupational assault against professionals’ aggression in different types of healthcare services, differentiating between physical and verbal aggression as a possible variable in detecting burnout in doctors and nursing professionals. Background. Leiter and Maslach have explored a double process model of burnout not only based on exhaustion by overload, but also based on personal and organisational value conflicts (community, rewards or values). Moreover, Whittington has obtained conclusive results about the possible relationship between violence and burnout in mental health nurses. Design. A retrospective study was performed in three hospitals and 22 primary care centres in Spain (n = 1·826). Methods. Through different questionnaires, we have explored the relationship between aggression suffered by healthcare workers and burnout. Results. Eleven percent of respondents had been physically assaulted on at least one occasion, whilst 34·4% had suffered threats and intimidation on at least one occasion and 36·6% had been subjected to insults. Both forms of violence, physical and non‐physical aggression, showed significant correlations with symptoms of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and inefficacy). Conclusions. The survey showed evidence of a double process: (1) by which excess workload helps predict burnout, and (2) by which a mismatch in the congruence of values, or interpersonal conflict, contributes in a meaningful way to each of the dimensions of burnout, adding overhead to the process of exhaustion–cynicism–lack of realisation. Relevance to clinical practice. Studies indicate that health professionals are some of the most exposed to disorders steaming from psychosocial risks and a high comorbidity: anxiety, depression, etc. There is a clear need for accurate instruments of evaluation to detect not only the burnout but also the areas that cause it. Professional exhaustion caused by aggression or other factors can reflect a deterioration in the healthcare relationship.     

Acculturation,collectivist orientation and organisational commitment among Asian nurses working in the US healthcare system

liou s.-r., tsai h.-m. & cheng c.-y. (2013) Journal of Nursing Management  21 , 614–623 Acculturation, collectivist orientation and organisational commitment among Asian nurses working in the US healthcare system Aim To examine the relationships between acculturation, collectivist orientation and organisational commitment among Asian nurses in US hospitals. Background Few studies have explored these three variables together in the same study and examined their statuses and mutual relationship among Asian nurses in Western hospitals. Method The study was a cross-sectional design using snowball sampling. A total of 195 Asian nurses participated. The collectivist orientation scale, organisational commitment questionnaire and acculturation factors were used to collect data. Pearson correlation, anova and regression were used to analyse the data. Results Most participants were female Filipinos with a mean age of 39.92 and a bachelor’s degree and stayed in the USA for 13.35 years. They used and preferred to use both their mother language and English, identified themselves as Oriental or Asian and culturally, viewed themselves as very or mostly Asian. Participants scored high on collectivism and commitment. Collectivism was significantly correlated with commitment but did not mediate acculturation factors and commitment. Conclusion To increase Asian nurses’ commitment, it is important that administrators understand their cultural values and provide them with a cultural competent and sensitive environment. Implications for nursing management Healthcare administrators can increase Asian nurses’ commitment through understanding their needs and attitudes toward their job and organisation.