Invasive, aggressive basal cell carcinoma: carcinoma basocellulare terebrans—ulcus terebrans

The clinical picture, treatment and course of invasive, aggressive basal cell terebrans carcinoma of the face, scalp and neck in eight patients is presented in detail. Based on the analysis of these patients, as well as our experience of a total of 93 patients with aggressive, invasive basal cell carcinoma, treated so far, the conclusion is reached that basal cell terebrans carcinoma develops mainly on recurrences, that is on residual tumors, after inadequate surgical and radiation therapy. It was observed that the most aggressive tumors are those, which develop in residual tumors after radiation therapy. Due to extraordinary infiltrational growth, especially into deep structures (muscles, bones, cartilages, dura, and brain), even with extensive, mutilating operations one can never be sure that the tumor is radically removed. That is why in such cases, after extensive, mutilating operations, radiation therapy is recommended, if possible.     

Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma with endobronchial metastasis

Although basal cell carcinoma is a very common malignancy, metastasis from this tumour is extremely rare. For this reason, many plastic surgeons, dermatologists and physicians dealing with skin malignancies consider this as a locally invasive malignancy. We present a rare case of metastatic basal cell carcinoma manifested as a bronchial tumour. This case highlights the fact that despite basal cell carcinoma’s local invasive potential, the possibility of distant metastasis still exists and clinicians should therefore be cautious about interpreting extracutaneous symptoms. Chest physicians should always consider the possibility of this rare tumour in the lungs in patients with a history of large basal cell carcinomas in the head and neck region.     

Metastatic small cell carcinoma of the prostate: Population-based analysis of patient characteristics and treatment paradigms

IntroductionSmall cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare malignancy comprising<1% of prostate cancers. Little is known about population-based treatment patterns for metastatic small cell carcinoma of the prostate. We evaluated clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database, we identified patients between 1998 and 2011 diagnosed with pure small cell carcinoma of the prostate as their only malignancy who presented with nodal involvement or distant metastasis.ResultsTreatment information was available for 379 patients. Of them, 122 (32.5%) underwent chemotherapy (CT) alone, 25 (6.7%) received hormonal therapy (androgen-deprivation therapy) alone, 10 (2.7%) underwent radiation therapy alone, 3 (1%) underwent radical prostatectomy, and 167 (44.4%) underwent combination therapy. The 1- and 3-year survival rates were 35.3% and 4.4%, respectively. Those receiving any CT as part of their treatment had a median survival of 9.3 vs. 3.2 months for those not receiving it (P<0.001). Those receiving CT, androgen-deprivation therapy, and radiation had a median survival of 15.1 vs. 7 months for those receiving CT alone (P<0.001). On multivariable analysis (controlling for age, Charlson comorbidity index, extent of metastasis, prostate-specific antigen level, and type of treatment), older age (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.87; 95% CI: 1.41–9.34; P = 0.007) and distant metastatic disease (HR = 7.17; 95% CI: 1.62–31.8; P = 0.010) increased risk of death, whereas receipt of CT (HR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.05–0.44; P = 0.001) decreased risk of death.ConclusionMen presenting with metastatic small cell carcinoma of the prostate have poor overall survival. Older patients and those presenting with distant metastases have an increased risk of death. It appears that patients receiving CT experience a modest survival benefit. The role of hormonal therapy in this population remains unclear.     

Pediatric basal cell carcinoma: case reports and literature review

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a rare disease in the pediatric population that usually presents in children with predisposing genetic conditions. It is often diagnosed on final pathology of an excisional biopsy, and the treatment may be delayed in younger populations because of a physician's low index of suspicion. Increased knowledge of BCC by pediatric caregivers would expedite definitive therapy for childhood BCC as well as any necessary evaluation by subspecialists for predisposing syndromes. We report 3 cases of BCC in pediatric patients and review the literature concerning BCC in children.     

Subcutaneous basal cell carcinoma: A case report

An unusual case of a patient who presented with a subcutaneous soft tissue lesion of the back is described. The patient had no preceding history of cutaneous malignancy or local trauma. Excision of the lesion revealed a diagnosis consistent with basal cell carcinoma with deep infiltration. The site was re-excised with a generous margin to ensure complete removal. There has been no recurrence for 18 months. This case is presented to underscore the rarity and importance of its existence.     

Basal cell adenoma of prostate

A case of basal cell adenoma of the prostate accompanying benign prostatic hypertrophy is presented. This is an uncommon, benign lesion which is usually mistaken for a carcinoma. In order to emphasize the importance of differential diagnose and to better define this entity, we present a case report.     

手术治疗鼻部基底细胞癌13例

目的探讨鼻部基底细胞癌的手术治疗及修复方法。方法我院对收治的13例鼻部基底细胞癌患者进行手术切除并根据美学原理对手术创面进行修复。结果13例患者术后切口愈合良好,均达到Ⅰ期修复。随访1～3年,无复发,术后效果满意。结论手术切除是治疗鼻部基底细胞癌的首选方法。术后采取合适的修复方式,如拉拢缝合、局部皮瓣转移及耳后皮瓣移植,可获得良好效果。     

Extensive basal cell carcinoma on the right thoracic wall and its distant metastases

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer, and it very rarely metastasizes. An aggressive case of basal cell carcinoma metastasizing to skin, lungs, posterior chest wall, liver and lymph nodes is presented here.     

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma presenting as gastric polyps: A case report and review of the literature

INTRODUCTIONRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and is responsible for over 13,000 deaths in the U.S. annually. The fatalities are largely due to distant metastasis, with lung, liver, bone and brain being most commonly affected organs. Gastric metastasis from RCC is a rare event (less than 20 cases reported in the English language literature) and usually presents as a large, solitary mass or ulcer (average size of 4.8 cm) resembling primary gastric cancer. Here we report the first case of metastatic RCC presenting as small gastric polyps.PRESENTATION OF CASEThe patient was a 60-year-old African American woman with a history of clear cell RCC (pT1bNX). She underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy 5 months after nephrectomy due to anemia. Two non-ulcerated, 0.6-cm benign-appearing polyps were found at the greater curvature of the gastric body, which were subsequently removed endoscopically. Unexpectedly, histopathologic examination of the gastric polyps revealed nested collections of vacuolated epithelioid cells in a background of delicate, arborizing vasculature, immediately beneath the congested and hyperplastic foveolar epithelium. A diagnosis of metastatic RCC was rendered after confirming the renal epithelial origin by immunohistochemical stains.DISCUSSIONGastric metastasis from RCC usually presents as a large, solitary mass or ulcer, but it can be subtle and present as multiple, small benign-appearing polyps.CONCLUSIONA careful follow up and thorough endoscopic and histopathologic examinations should be conducted in patients with a history of RCC who present with gastrointestinal manifestations.     

1α,25-二羟维生素D_3对前列腺癌LNCaP细胞中E-cadherin调节作用的研究

为探讨1α，25－二羟维生素D_3与前列腺癌转移之间的关系，采用WesternBlot印迹及免疫荧光法分析了前列腺癌细胞林LNCaP细胞中E－cadherin的表达，用逆转录聚合酶链反应分析了E－cadherinmRNA的表达。结果当培养液中加入0．01、0．1和1．0nmol／L浓度的1α，25-二羟维生素D3时，LNCaP细胞中E－cadherin表达增强，当浓度增加到10和100nmol／L时，E－cadherin表达减少。E－cadherinmRNA变化与E－cadherin表达变化相一致。结果显示1α，25－二羟维生素D3在低浓度时能促进转移抑制物质E－cadherin的表达，高浓度时直接抑制癌细胞的增殖。认为1α，25－二羟维生素D3可能抑制前列腺癌细胞株LNCaP细胞的转移能力。     

Basal Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to Parotid Gland

Metastasis from basal cell carcinoma of the skin is very rare with cases being documented in the lymph nodes, lung, bone and parotid gland. The main histopathological differential diagnosis is the locally arising basal cell adenocarcinoma from which it is difficult to distinguish by morphology and routine immunohistochemistry. Approximately 85 % of all reported metastatic basal cell carcinomas arise in the head and neck region. Here we present a case of basal cell carcinoma of the skin of the left lateral canthus of the eye which metastasized to the intraparotid lymph nodes with infiltration of the adjacent parotid parenchyma. More awareness and vigilance is required on the part of the reporting pathologist to consider metastasis in the presence of a parotid tumour. Features favouring metastasis include history of primary cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, histological similarity to the primary lesion and absence of any demonstrable direct extension from the skin lesion. We also review the literature on metastatic basal cell carcinoma and discuss the need for adequate follow up in high risk patients.     

Case report: Subcutaneous metastasis from small cell carcinoma of the prostate

Pure primary small cell carcinoma of the prostate (SCCP) is an extremely rare entity. Natural history of this tumor is similar to that of the bronchogenic small cell carcinoma. Several theories of histogenesis have been proposed. Most widely accepted view is that SCCP arises from pluripotent stem cells of the prostate, which have the ability to differentiate into either epithelial or neuroendocrine type carcinomas. SCCP has an aggressive course, and a majority of patients have distant metastasis at presentation. Since it is a rare entity, no standard treatment regimen has been established. A case of primary pure SCCP with multiple subcutaneous metastases is presented.     

A rare case of bilateral basal cell adenomas in the parotid glands

We report a very rare case of bilateral parotid tumors in a 55-year-old female patient who presented with left parotid mass of 7 × 7 cm size since 8 years and right parotid mass of 2.5 × 1.5 cm size since 2 years duration. Based on clinical features a provisional diagnosis of bilateral pleomorphic adenomas was made. Results of fine needle aspiration cytology of both masses were inconclusive. Bilateral superficial conservative parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation revealed bilateral encapsulated and lobulated tumors which on histopathological examination revealed bilateral basal cell adenomas in both parotid glands.     

Evaluation of effectiveness of surgical treatment and histopathological characteristics of basal cell carcinoma in Turkish patients

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer in the white population. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment and to define histological features of BCC in Turkish patients. We prospectively studied 50 patients with 57 BCCs treated surgically. The majority of the tumors occurred on the head and neck, most commonly on the nose and the cheek. The excision margin ranged between 2 and 20 mm depending on the size, anatomical location, and clinical appearance of the tumor, and 3 mm margin (35.1%) was the most common excision margin used. Defects following excision were generally closed by local flaps (57.9%). The rate of incomplete excision was 7%. The nodular type (71.9%) was the most frequent histological type. Surgical treatment is an effective and safe method for treating BCC, and histological subtypes of BCC must be recognized and reported by pathologists.