胶体32P-磷酸铬间质给药对犬累积损伤效应的研究

目的 探讨胶体³²P-磷酸铬(³²P-CP)在正常Beagle犬的肝叶或臀大肌行间质注射的安全性。方法 10只Beagle犬,随机分成间质给药不同剂量(185和370MBq)、不同部位(臀大肌和肝脏)及冷胶体对照5组(n＝2)。术后不同时间点称量体重,行血液生化学检查,ECT轫致辐射显像,组织形态学动态观察及连续测量体表、血液、尿液和粪便放射性计数率值。计量数据以均数±标准差(±s)表示,采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果 给药后ECT示肝脏组全肝显影,放射性分布呈团块状不均匀,肌肉组局部放射性持续浓聚,肝脏未见显影。术后第4组犬体重进行性减少,45d时较术前减少2.7kg,余组体重增值均数依序为3.0、1.6、0.8和3.1kg。第4组血小板、红细胞术后有明显减少。分别于给药后23和45d死亡,死亡前谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶均有急剧升高;其余组间血液和血生化学差异无统计学意义。术后体表分区测定以注射部位放射性计数率值为最高,其次为膀胱、脾。肝脏组血液峰时为5min,峰值分别为0.5×10⁷/min和1.0×10⁷/min;肌肉组持续在3×10⁵/min左右。组织学表现肌肉组和肝脏185MBq组4周内有充血水肿改变,8周后组织结构恢复正常;肝脏370MBq组4周内部分肝细胞坏死,6周时见大量肝细胞气球样变,充血水肿明显,肝小叶结构不清。尿液、粪便中放射性计数率肌肉组峰时均数分别为13和12d,峰值为(42.0±3.3)×10⁴/min和(29.6±4.5)×10⁴/min;肝脏组峰时为5和9d,峰值为(49.0±10.2)×10⁴/min和(28.5±7.1)×10⁴/min。至30d肌肉组从尿液和粪便中累积排泄率为36.58%和10.62%,肝脏组为23.48%和8.76%。吸收剂量肝脏组肝脏为(30.6±2.3)、(55.6±4.4)Gy;肌肉组肌肉注射部位为(53.4±3.1)、(98.1±3.3)Gy,肝脏为(2.3±1.3)、(6.5±1.2)Gy。结论 Beagle犬肝脏间质注射794.39MBq/m²,肝脏吸收剂量为56Gy时有较强肝毒性及全身毒副作用,是其致死剂量。肌肉给药463.98～772.93MBq/m²是安全剂量范围。³²P-CP间质给药是适用于治疗凡穿刺所能到达的乏血供及中等血供实体瘤的安全手段。     

32P-磷酸铬-聚-L-乳酸粒子植入治疗裸鼠荷人胰腺癌移植瘤的研究

目的 探讨32p-磷酸铬-聚-L-乳酸(32P-CP-PLLA)粒子瘤体间质给药治疗BALB/c裸鼠荷人胰腺癌( BxPc-3)移植瘤的药效学及全身不良反应.方法 24只荷瘤裸鼠,随机分为4组:空白对照组、37.0、18.5、9.3 MBq组.经瘤体分别给予剂量为0、9.3、18.5和37.0 MBq 32p-CP-P...     

~(32)P-磷酸铬-聚L-乳酸粒子植入实验鼠体内降解特性及代谢

目的 观察~(32)P-磷酸铬-聚L-乳酸(~(32)P-CP-PLLA)粒子植入实验鼠体内的降解特性及代谢.方法 KM小鼠72只,采用开腹或经皮穿刺法将~(32)P-CP-PLLA粒子分别植入小鼠肝、腹腔及腿部肌肉,粒子植入前活度为20.44～25.14 kBq,30 d内不同时间处死,取出粒子,取血及主要脏器测~(32)P放射性计数率,计算每克组织的百分剂量率(%ID/g),用扫描电镜动态观察粒子形态变化.SD大鼠5只,肝内植入粒子后代谢笼饲养,每24小时测量粪便及尿液放射性,计算~(32)P30 d排泄率.计量数据以-x±s表示,采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析.结果 KM小鼠体内生物分布显示~(32)P-CP-PLLA 粒子植入后无一发生粒子移位,释出的~(32)PP在重要脏器和组织中放射性分布略高于本底水平.30 d内组织脏器计数率之和呈现阶段性变化:肝组1～5 d各脏器摄取总值极少,6～10 d略增多,11～20 d又趋减少,21～25 d摄取再次增多,达到峰值(622±11)计数/min,26-30 d略有下降;肌肉组变化与肝组相似,唯峰时提前(15 d),且峰值相对较低,为(403±14)计数/min;腹腔组重要脏器摄取呈持续低水平,无明显阶段性变化.粪便和尿液放射性峰值分别出现在第16天和第19天,排泄率分别为(0.82±0.20)%和(0.50±0.23)%,30 d总排泄率分别为4.08%和1.33%.结论 ~(32)P-CP-PLLA粒子作为一种新型治疗恶性肿瘤植入剂,在体内无脏器迁移,粒子呈现阶段性缓慢降解,降解物不具胶体特性,较少通过粪便和尿液排出体外,显示出良好的体内稳定性、靶向定位性和安全性.     

32P-磷酸铬间质给药在荷人胰腺癌裸鼠的体内生物学分布及形态学表现

目的 研究^32P-磷酸铬(^32P胶体)瘤体间质给药治疗BALB／c—nu／nu裸鼠荷人胰腺癌(Pc-3)移植瘤时在体内相应组织中的分布、药代动力学特点及全身毒性反应。方法 51只荷瘤裸鼠，经瘤体给予不同剂量^32P胶体或尾静脉给药，分批处死，动态观察^32P胶体在裸鼠体内放射性分布和组织器官形态学表现，观察体重变化和计数WBC和PLT，测量瘤体表面放射性计数率。结果 ^32P胶体瘤体间质注射后其放射性计数率明显高于其他器官组织，器官组织放射性计数率瘤体给药明显低于尾静脉给药。增体给药有效半减期为13d。形态学检查显示给药后大部分Pc-3细胞被破坏，并出现分化较好的瘤细胞；肝、脾、肺及淋巴结等重要器官组织的辐射损伤为可逆性．未见明显骨髓抑制现象。结论 ^32P胶体瘤体间质给药是治疗胰腺癌安全、简便、有效的核素介入疗法。     

32P-磷酸铬-聚 L-乳酸缓释粒子的制备及其放射性释出和生物分布

Objective The aim of this study was to prepare the 32P-chromic phosphate-poly(L-lac-tide) (32P-CP-PLLA) particles with different ratio of the materials and further examine their performance in-dex in vivo and in vitro and their intracorporeal distribution. Methods The erosion, degrading rates, de-layed release velocity and radioactivity self-absorption coefficient (RSAC) of 32P-CP-PLLA particles made from different materials were investigated and compared. After the implantation of 32P-CP-PLLA particles and the injection of 32P-CP colloids in the muscular tissues, the weight loss rate and the radioactivity release rate (RRR) of the particles were calculated. The intracorporeal distribution, radioactive half-life and bio-logical effect of 32P in the targeting sites were further studied. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 12.0, and one-way analysis of variance and t-test were used. Results 32P-CP-PLLA particles were of green cylinder, with regular shape and radionuclide distribution. The RSAC of the particles was of little re-lation with molecular weight of PLLA and proportional to the ratio of PLLA to CP. The extracorporeal release rate increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PLLA and with the increase of the ratio of PLLA to CP. The RRR reached peak when PLLA was 3 times of CP. The 32P-CP, released with the degradation and corrosion of the particle distributed mainly in the surrounding muscles of the particle. And the peak of per-centage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (% ID/g) in liver, spleen and bone were 1. 7887, 1. 6401 and 1. 9470 respectively, much lower than that in the 32P-CP group (4.7523, 3.9712 and 4.3174 ; all t > 2.7, all P < 0.05). The % ID/g in other organs was much less. The radioactivity effective half-life in the targeting sites increased to about 13 d. There was widespread necrosis around the particles with no ex-istence of normal tissues among them. And no abnormality in spleen and liver was found. Conclusion As a better dosage form of pure β-particle emitter, 32P-CP-PLLA, which can increase the targeting radioactive dosage and effective half-life in the implanting sites, can be served as an potential implanting agent for onco-therapy with a better perspective.     

32P-磷酸铬-聚 L-乳酸缓释粒子的制备及其放射性释出和生物分布

Objective The aim of this study was to prepare the 32P-chromic phosphate-poly(L-lac-tide) (32P-CP-PLLA) particles with different ratio of the materials and further examine their performance in-dex in vivo and in vitro and their intracorporeal distribution. Methods The erosion, degrading rates, de-layed release velocity and radioactivity self-absorption coefficient (RSAC) of 32P-CP-PLLA particles made from different materials were investigated and compared. After the implantation of 32P-CP-PLLA particles and the injection of 32P-CP colloids in the muscular tissues, the weight loss rate and the radioactivity release rate (RRR) of the particles were calculated. The intracorporeal distribution, radioactive half-life and bio-logical effect of 32P in the targeting sites were further studied. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 12.0, and one-way analysis of variance and t-test were used. Results 32P-CP-PLLA particles were of green cylinder, with regular shape and radionuclide distribution. The RSAC of the particles was of little re-lation with molecular weight of PLLA and proportional to the ratio of PLLA to CP. The extracorporeal release rate increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PLLA and with the increase of the ratio of PLLA to CP. The RRR reached peak when PLLA was 3 times of CP. The 32P-CP, released with the degradation and corrosion of the particle distributed mainly in the surrounding muscles of the particle. And the peak of per-centage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (% ID/g) in liver, spleen and bone were 1. 7887, 1. 6401 and 1. 9470 respectively, much lower than that in the 32P-CP group (4.7523, 3.9712 and 4.3174 ; all t > 2.7, all P < 0.05). The % ID/g in other organs was much less. The radioactivity effective half-life in the targeting sites increased to about 13 d. There was widespread necrosis around the particles with no ex-istence of normal tissues among them. And no abnormality in spleen and liver was found. Conclusion As a better dosage form of pure β-particle emitter, 32P-CP-PLLA, which can increase the targeting radioactive dosage and effective half-life in the implanting sites, can be served as an potential implanting agent for onco-therapy with a better perspective.     

32P-磷酸铬-聚 L-乳酸缓释粒子的制备及其放射性释出和生物分布

Objective The aim of this study was to prepare the 32P-chromic phosphate-poly(L-lac-tide) (32P-CP-PLLA) particles with different ratio of the materials and further examine their performance in-dex in vivo and in vitro and their intracorporeal distribution. Methods The erosion, degrading rates, de-layed release velocity and radioactivity self-absorption coefficient (RSAC) of 32P-CP-PLLA particles made from different materials were investigated and compared. After the implantation of 32P-CP-PLLA particles and the injection of 32P-CP colloids in the muscular tissues, the weight loss rate and the radioactivity release rate (RRR) of the particles were calculated. The intracorporeal distribution, radioactive half-life and bio-logical effect of 32P in the targeting sites were further studied. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 12.0, and one-way analysis of variance and t-test were used. Results 32P-CP-PLLA particles were of green cylinder, with regular shape and radionuclide distribution. The RSAC of the particles was of little re-lation with molecular weight of PLLA and proportional to the ratio of PLLA to CP. The extracorporeal release rate increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PLLA and with the increase of the ratio of PLLA to CP. The RRR reached peak when PLLA was 3 times of CP. The 32P-CP, released with the degradation and corrosion of the particle distributed mainly in the surrounding muscles of the particle. And the peak of per-centage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (% ID/g) in liver, spleen and bone were 1. 7887, 1. 6401 and 1. 9470 respectively, much lower than that in the 32P-CP group (4.7523, 3.9712 and 4.3174 ; all t > 2.7, all P < 0.05). The % ID/g in other organs was much less. The radioactivity effective half-life in the targeting sites increased to about 13 d. There was widespread necrosis around the particles with no ex-istence of normal tissues among them. And no abnormality in spleen and liver was found. Conclusion As a better dosage form of pure β-particle emitter, 32P-CP-PLLA, which can increase the targeting radioactive dosage and effective half-life in the implanting sites, can be served as an potential implanting agent for onco-therapy with a better perspective.     

32P-磷酸铬-聚 L-乳酸缓释粒子的制备及其放射性释出和生物分布

Objective The aim of this study was to prepare the 32P-chromic phosphate-poly(L-lac-tide) (32P-CP-PLLA) particles with different ratio of the materials and further examine their performance in-dex in vivo and in vitro and their intracorporeal distribution. Methods The erosion, degrading rates, de-layed release velocity and radioactivity self-absorption coefficient (RSAC) of 32P-CP-PLLA particles made from different materials were investigated and compared. After the implantation of 32P-CP-PLLA particles and the injection of 32P-CP colloids in the muscular tissues, the weight loss rate and the radioactivity release rate (RRR) of the particles were calculated. The intracorporeal distribution, radioactive half-life and bio-logical effect of 32P in the targeting sites were further studied. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 12.0, and one-way analysis of variance and t-test were used. Results 32P-CP-PLLA particles were of green cylinder, with regular shape and radionuclide distribution. The RSAC of the particles was of little re-lation with molecular weight of PLLA and proportional to the ratio of PLLA to CP. The extracorporeal release rate increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PLLA and with the increase of the ratio of PLLA to CP. The RRR reached peak when PLLA was 3 times of CP. The 32P-CP, released with the degradation and corrosion of the particle distributed mainly in the surrounding muscles of the particle. And the peak of per-centage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (% ID/g) in liver, spleen and bone were 1. 7887, 1. 6401 and 1. 9470 respectively, much lower than that in the 32P-CP group (4.7523, 3.9712 and 4.3174 ; all t > 2.7, all P < 0.05). The % ID/g in other organs was much less. The radioactivity effective half-life in the targeting sites increased to about 13 d. There was widespread necrosis around the particles with no ex-istence of normal tissues among them. And no abnormality in spleen and liver was found. Conclusion As a better dosage form of pure β-particle emitter, 32P-CP-PLLA, which can increase the targeting radioactive dosage and effective half-life in the implanting sites, can be served as an potential implanting agent for onco-therapy with a better perspective.     

32P-磷酸铬-聚 L-乳酸缓释粒子的制备及其放射性释出和生物分布

Objective The aim of this study was to prepare the 32P-chromic phosphate-poly(L-lac-tide) (32P-CP-PLLA) particles with different ratio of the materials and further examine their performance in-dex in vivo and in vitro and their intracorporeal distribution. Methods The erosion, degrading rates, de-layed release velocity and radioactivity self-absorption coefficient (RSAC) of 32P-CP-PLLA particles made from different materials were investigated and compared. After the implantation of 32P-CP-PLLA particles and the injection of 32P-CP colloids in the muscular tissues, the weight loss rate and the radioactivity release rate (RRR) of the particles were calculated. The intracorporeal distribution, radioactive half-life and bio-logical effect of 32P in the targeting sites were further studied. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 12.0, and one-way analysis of variance and t-test were used. Results 32P-CP-PLLA particles were of green cylinder, with regular shape and radionuclide distribution. The RSAC of the particles was of little re-lation with molecular weight of PLLA and proportional to the ratio of PLLA to CP. The extracorporeal release rate increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PLLA and with the increase of the ratio of PLLA to CP. The RRR reached peak when PLLA was 3 times of CP. The 32P-CP, released with the degradation and corrosion of the particle distributed mainly in the surrounding muscles of the particle. And the peak of per-centage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (% ID/g) in liver, spleen and bone were 1. 7887, 1. 6401 and 1. 9470 respectively, much lower than that in the 32P-CP group (4.7523, 3.9712 and 4.3174 ; all t > 2.7, all P < 0.05). The % ID/g in other organs was much less. The radioactivity effective half-life in the targeting sites increased to about 13 d. There was widespread necrosis around the particles with no ex-istence of normal tissues among them. And no abnormality in spleen and liver was found. Conclusion As a better dosage form of pure β-particle emitter, 32P-CP-PLLA, which can increase the targeting radioactive dosage and effective half-life in the implanting sites, can be served as an potential implanting agent for onco-therapy with a better perspective.     

32P-磷酸铬-聚 L-乳酸缓释粒子的制备及其放射性释出和生物分布

Objective The aim of this study was to prepare the 32P-chromic phosphate-poly(L-lac-tide) (32P-CP-PLLA) particles with different ratio of the materials and further examine their performance in-dex in vivo and in vitro and their intracorporeal distribution. Methods The erosion, degrading rates, de-layed release velocity and radioactivity self-absorption coefficient (RSAC) of 32P-CP-PLLA particles made from different materials were investigated and compared. After the implantation of 32P-CP-PLLA particles and the injection of 32P-CP colloids in the muscular tissues, the weight loss rate and the radioactivity release rate (RRR) of the particles were calculated. The intracorporeal distribution, radioactive half-life and bio-logical effect of 32P in the targeting sites were further studied. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 12.0, and one-way analysis of variance and t-test were used. Results 32P-CP-PLLA particles were of green cylinder, with regular shape and radionuclide distribution. The RSAC of the particles was of little re-lation with molecular weight of PLLA and proportional to the ratio of PLLA to CP. The extracorporeal release rate increased with the reduction of molecular weight of PLLA and with the increase of the ratio of PLLA to CP. The RRR reached peak when PLLA was 3 times of CP. The 32P-CP, released with the degradation and corrosion of the particle distributed mainly in the surrounding muscles of the particle. And the peak of per-centage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (% ID/g) in liver, spleen and bone were 1. 7887, 1. 6401 and 1. 9470 respectively, much lower than that in the 32P-CP group (4.7523, 3.9712 and 4.3174 ; all t > 2.7, all P < 0.05). The % ID/g in other organs was much less. The radioactivity effective half-life in the targeting sites increased to about 13 d. There was widespread necrosis around the particles with no ex-istence of normal tissues among them. And no abnormality in spleen and liver was found. Conclusion As a better dosage form of pure β-particle emitter, 32P-CP-PLLA, which can increase the targeting radioactive dosage and effective half-life in the implanting sites, can be served as an potential implanting agent for onco-therapy with a better perspective.     

腮腺癌术后 125I 粒子组织间近距离治疗靶区确定方法的探讨

目的 探讨腮腺癌术后¹²⁵I粒子组织间近距离治疗靶区的确定方法。方法 2002年10月至2006年11月北京大学口腔医院的31例腮腺癌患者,男女比例14 ∶17,平均年龄38.2岁,肿瘤有包膜外浸润并与面神经关系密切(黏连或神经侵犯),采用保留面神经的肿瘤及腺体切除术,术后行¹²⁵I粒子组织间近距离治疗,匹配周缘剂量60 Gy。治疗前后行薄层螺旋CT扫描以制定治疗计划和质量验证,以腮腺周围骨性结构和肌组织为参照确定计划靶区和临床靶区,并比较治疗前后靶体积、靶区D₉₀值的差异,同时计算粒子植入后颌骨、中耳D₉₀值以及脊髓最大接受剂量。结果 ¹²⁵I粒子治疗前后靶体积、靶区D₉₀值差异无统计学意义,粒子植入后靶区D₉₀值均大于匹配周缘剂量。本组病例随访时间3~7年,未见肿瘤复发。结论 根据目前随访结果,采用本方法确定¹²⁵I粒子腮腺区组织间近距离治疗靶区,临床治疗效果满意。     

模拟胆管内不同弧度125I粒子链的剂量学研究

目的 研究不同弧度胆管内¹²⁵I粒子链剂量学分布情况。方法 在纸上勾画出不同弧度的粒子链模型（弧长=2πr×角度/360）,计算弧长为45 mm对应的0°、30°、60°、90°、120°、150°、180°的模型。粒子链模型总长度为45 mm（每枚粒子间距为0 mm）。在粒子链模型向心侧和离心侧的中心点及两端点垂直距离5 mm处画标尺。用激光扫描仪扫描模型。每个弧度模型创建3层图片,模拟直径为8 mm的胆管。将图片导入放射性粒子源植入治疗计划系统（TPS）,模拟不同弧度的粒子链。使用TPS勾画大体肿瘤靶区（GTV）用于模拟直径8 mm的胆管,设定粒子初始活度1.85×10⁷ Bq,给予处方剂量60 Gy。计算直径为8 mm模拟胆管的D₉₀和V₁₀₀,以及粒子链中心点、两端点的向心侧及离心侧5 mm处剂量变化情况。结果 粒子链弧度为30°时,D₉₀（132 Gy）和V₁₀₀（100%）最高;弧度为60°时,D₉₀（45 Gy）和V₁₀₀（68%）最低。弧度为30°时,中心点处剂量最高（向心侧剂量为165 Gy,离心侧剂量142 Gy）;弧度为180°时,中心点处剂量最低（向心侧剂量为90 Gy,离心侧剂量50 Gy）。不同弧度时（不含0°）,中心点向心侧剂量均高于离心侧;两端点离心侧的剂量均大于向心侧。结论 随着弧度改变,粒子链剂量分布也相应变化,30°时D₉₀、V₁₀₀最大;弧度近心侧剂量明显高于远心侧。     

125I粒子腮腺区组织间近距离治疗对面神经功能恢复的影响

目的 研究¹²⁵I粒子腮腺区组织间近距离治疗对面神经功能恢复的影响。方法 对无面瘫的21例腮腺原发癌患者,采用外科手术切除(保存面神经),术后1周行¹²⁵I放射性粒子腮腺区组织间治疗,粒子活度24.05×10⁶~25.9×10⁶ Bq,处方剂量60 Gy。应用House-Brackmann(HB)评价系统和面神经肌电图对患者分别进行主观评价和客观评价,随访时间4年。按照面神经功能分区评价的方法,以神经传导潜伏时为指标,将患侧面神经分为异常组和正常组,分别与健侧相应面神经分支进行比较。结果 所有患者术后均出现不同程度面瘫,随访术后6个月内均恢复至术前正常水平;面神经患侧异常组与健侧对应神经分支传导潜伏时的差异在术后1周至术后6个月具有统计学意义( t= 2.362, P= 0.028),患侧较健侧明显延长,而术后1~4年差异无统计学意义;面神经患侧正常组与健侧对应分支神经传导潜伏时的差异在术后1周具有统计学意义( t=2.522, P=0.027 ),患侧较健侧延长,而术后2月~4年差异无统计学意义。结论 ¹²⁵I 粒子组织间近距离治疗不影响腮腺癌术后面神经功能的临床恢复,对面神经无迟发损害。     

EANM procedure guideline for 32P phosphate treatment of myeloproliferative diseases

Introduction ³²P phosphate was the first therapeutic radioisotope, used in leukaemia about 70 years ago. Since then, many new agents for haematological proliferations have been introduced successfully. Today there remains a distinct subgroup of elderly patients with polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia for whom ³²P is the most optimal treatment option, an assertion supported by two large studies with long follow-up. Purpose The purpose of this guideline is to assist the nuclear medicine physician in treating and managing patients who may be candidates for ³²P phosphate therapy. An erratum to this article can be found at     

125I粒子近距离治疗在局部晚期腮腺腺样囊性癌的应用

目的单纯应用¹²⁵I放射性粒子组织间植入治疗局部晚期腮腺腺样囊性癌,评估疗效并分析相关预后因素,为局部晚期腮腺腺样囊性癌的治疗提供临床参考。方法回顾性纳入2007年8月至2018年1月于北京大学口腔医院接受单纯应用¹²⁵I放射性粒子植入治疗的局部晚期腮腺腺样囊性癌患者,分析其总生存率(OS)、无进展生存率(PFS)和局部控制率(LCR)及相关影响因素,并观察近、远期放射不良反应情况。结果本组病例共16例(cT4bN0M0),女性患者占多数(11/16,68.7%),中位年龄55.4岁。随访8~104个月(中位时间41.5个月),1、3、5年LCR分别为93.7%、80%、68.7%,1、3、5年OS分别为86.7%、72%、54%;1、3、5年PFS分别为74%、53%、18.9%。9例(56.2%)患者出现不同部位器官转移,以颅内转移、肺转移常见;其中6例术前伴有颅底骨质侵犯者出现多器官转移,肿瘤侵犯颈动脉是影响远处转移的危险因素(HR=12,P=0.045)。共有8例(8/16,50%)患者出现不同程度远期放射性不良反应。结论单纯应用¹²⁵I放射性粒子植入治疗局部晚期腮腺腺样囊性癌的5年局部控制率为68.7%,肿瘤侵犯颅底骨质、包绕颈动脉是其预后不佳与发生多器官远处转移的主要因素。     

226Ra 228Ra 210Pb和210Po在水生生物及食物链中转移规律的探讨

目的 为了解天然放射性核素²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra、²¹⁰Pb与²¹⁰Po在水生物及食物链中转移和蓄积情况。方法 定点采集养殖水产品及栖息环境中水与底质沉积物, 按不同的实验需要, 每个鲜样分别剥取肉, 骨(壳),鳞片和胃肠。烹饪样品, 洗净、称重、清炖, 熟后分离出骨(壳),余为食物。样品分别测定²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra、²¹⁰Pb和²¹⁰Po含量。数据按统计学要求处理, 配对数据, 作了配对显着性检验。结果 ²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra和²¹⁰Pb主要沉积于骨(壳)中, 浓集系数为10²～10³,肉中为10⁰～10².²¹⁰Po主要蓄积在水生物胃肠中, 浓集系数在10²～10⁴,鱼类胃肠与贝类肉中可达10⁴.水产食品烹饪加工过程²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra和²¹⁰Pb在食物链中转移不明显, 经配对显着性检验, 差异无显着性(P0.05);然而210Po在淡水鱼类和虾类中转移是明显的, 肉配对检验有非常显着性差别(P<0.01).结论水生物对²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra、²¹⁰Pb和²¹⁰Po有很强浓集能力。     

组织成分及密度对125I粒子植入剂量分布影响的研究

目的 分析组织成分及密度对¹²⁵I粒子植入剂量分布影响,为临床放射性粒子植入剂量计算和评估提供参考。方法 应用egs_brachy软件建立OncoSeed 6711型¹²⁵I放射性粒子物理模型,计算剂量率常数和水中径向剂量函数g（r）,以验证计算模型准确性;根据不同组织的元素组成及密度表,分别计算¹²⁵I粒子在水、前列腺、乳腺、肌肉、骨等不同介质中g（r）和剂量分布。结果 计算得到的剂量率常数为0.950 cGy·h^-1·U^-1、水中g（r）和吸收剂量均与文献数据近似。在同一径向位置,¹²⁵I粒子在前列腺、肌肉中吸收剂量与水中差异<5%;在距源中心0.05 cm处,骨中吸收剂量是水中的6.042倍;在近源1.7 cm内,乳腺与水中吸收剂量差异均>10%。结论 ¹²⁵I粒子在部分介质中的剂量分布与水有着较明显区别,在临床剂量计算中需考虑组织成分及密度对吸收剂量的影响。     

放射性125I粒子植入术后密切接触者的辐射安全及防护

目的 研究放射性¹²⁵I粒子植入术后密切接触者受照射的有效剂量及警戒时间,科学指导各人群减少辐射损伤。 方法 术后24 h内,采用袖珍辐射仪,监测20例患者距植入部位垂直距离30和100 cm处(模拟密切接触者)的剂量率,根据公式计算相应人群在不同距离受照射的有效剂量及警戒时间。 结果 术后患者植入部位垂直距离30和100 cm处,受照剂量率均随时间延长而衰减(30 cm: t=6.236、6.236、6.235, P＜0.05;100 cm: t=7.310、7.315、7.314, P＜0.05),且同一时间点30 cm处均大于100 cm处(t=5.962、5.961、5.961、5.962, P＜0.05),具有时间-距离效应;同一人群(用相同距离数据模拟),其有效剂量随时间而减少;与术后患者接触时,同住成年人、同住未成年人及孕妇、同事、同床成年人的警戒时间为:0、54、78和109 d。 结论 在各自警戒时间之后,各人群与术后患者接触可以保证自身安全;警戒时间内,则需采取相应保护措施。