线结埋人式双套圈缝合法修复Ⅱ区指屈肌腱损伤

目的总结线结埋入式双套圈缝合法修复Ⅱ区指屈肌腱损伤的体会。方法对39例（72指）Ⅱ区指屈肌腱断裂的患者用线结埋入式双套圈缝合法修复。结果伤口一期愈合31例,二期愈合8例。33例（65指）获得12～20个月随访。根据TAM系统评定疗效：优36指,良22指,可7指,优良率89．2％。结论线结埋人式双套圈缝合法外露缝线较少,间隙形成小,修复Ⅱ区指屈肌腱断裂效果良好．临床可以推广。     

线结埋入式双套圈缝合法修复Ⅱ区指屈肌腱损伤

目的 总结线结埋入式双套圈缝合法修复Ⅱ区指屈肌腱损伤的体会.方法 对39例(72指)Ⅱ区指屈肌腱断裂的患者用线结埋人式双套圈缝合法修复.结果 伤口一期愈合31例,二期愈合8例.33例(65指)获得12～20个月随访.根据TAM系统评定疗效:优36指,良22指,可7指,优良率89.2%.结论 线结理入式双套圈缝合法外露缝...     

显微缝合指屈肌腱32例体会

采用Becker法显微缝合32例74个手指指屈肌腱，经随访，优良率达87．84％，此法适用于肌腱的直接缝合，断端对合好，肌腿断端光滑易于滑动，术后第2d就开始作早期主动活动，肌腱不易形成粘连，不需作第二次肌腱松解术。     

屈肌腱缝合技术的相关研究

屈肌腱断裂后的缝合技术主要包括中心缝合和周边缝合。肌腱缝合后的强度除与缝合技术有关外,还与缝线的材料、数量、直径以及线结的牢固程度等有关。本文旨在综述屈肌腱缝合的有关进展。     

指屈肌腱缝合早期主动活动预防肌腱粘连

目的 观察指屈肌腱Ⅱ区缝合后早期主动活动预防肌腱粘连的治疗效果。方法 采用核心津下套圈缝合联合周边Halsted缝合法临床治疗71例98指,术后早期主动活动,定期随访,将随访结果与其他缝合方法进行对应分析比较。结果 优良率达97．8％。在随访期各阶段本法均优于其他缝合方法。结论 津下套圈核心缝合联合Halsted周边缝合术后可早期主动活动,粘连率低,疗效显著。     

屈肌腱的双Kessler缝合

目的:探讨屈肌腱断裂相互垂直平面上双Kessler缝合的临床应用。方法:采用3/0尼龙单线于冠状面及矢状面上依Kessler一根线缝合法做断腱的端端缝合。结果:25例共34指屈肌腱吻合术患者,平均随访半年,屈指功能恢复优20例28指,良4例5指差1例2指。结论:采用kessler一根线双平面缝合法,能抗断端产生裂隙作用,且不似Bunnell等缝合对肌腱内循环有破坏,有助于肌腱愈合及早期功能锻炼。对防止肌腱粘连,最大程度恢复手的伸屈功能,展示了良好的临床应用前景。     

Ⅱ区屈肌腱粘连的防治

目的：介绍腱缝合后鞘内置入法,局部注射透明质酸钠防止Ⅱ区屈肌腱粘连的方法和疗效。方法：按此法治疗Ⅱ区屈肌腱损伤33例43指。屈曲型25例25指,在肌腱远断端以远0．5cm另作腱鞘切口,缝合肌腱。伸直型7例8指经原腱鞘切口缝合肌腱。缝合肌腱均用Tsuge法术后肌腱置入健康腱鞘内,鞘内注射透明质酸钠0．5－1．0ml。结果;术后随访5个月－一年7个月,按TAM 评定标准评定疗效,屈曲型35指,优22指,良9指,中3指,差指,优良率88．57％。伸直型8指,优3指,良2指,中2指,差1指,优量率62．5％,总优量率83．7％。结论：该术式对屈肌腱损伤疗效满意,可能与肌腱缝合口被健康腱鞘包容有关,透明质酸钠具有促进肌腱愈合,防止或减轻术后粘连的作用。     

肌腱缝合后鞘内置入法预防Ⅱ区屈肌腱粘连的实验研究

目的 探讨一种屈肌腱修复新方法即腱缝合后鞘内置入法，并观察其在鸡Ⅱ区屈肌腱损伤修复中的疗效，揭示其预防屈肌腱术后粘连机理，为临床应用提供依据。方法 选用健康白色纯种Leghorn鸡40只，以第三趾趾深屈肌腱屈曲型损伤为实验模型，随机分组，左右足配对设计，一侧为实验组，用腱缝合后鞘内置入法修复肌腱；另一侧为对照组，切开腱鞘修复肌腱，缝合腱鞘。分别于术后1、2、4、8周进行大体观察、组织学观察、生物力学测定。结果 1周后大体观察、肌腱滑动距离，实验组与对照组间无显著性统计学意义。2、4、8周后大体观察粘连情况、肌腱滑动距离、各是关节屈曲角度、组织学观察结果，两组间有显著性差异，4周后腱及鞘缝合口间距与肌腱粘连带宽度比，两组间均有显著性差异。结论 腱缝合后鞘内置入法在Ⅱ区屈肌腱修复中能有效减轻肌腱术后粘连，尤其是致密粘连的形成，在提高肌腱术后功能上优于单纯腱鞘闭合，可以适用于临床。     

拇长屈肌腱断裂修复方法选择的探讨

[目的]介绍拇长屈肌腱断裂的治疗方法。[方法]共治疗拇长屈肌腱断裂15例，拇长屈肌腱断裂残端小于0．5cm，则给予切除，末节指骨钻孔钢丝缝合固定；肌腱断裂部位距掌指关节1cm以内，应用肌腱劈开延长，吻合口避开拇长屈肌腱鞘狭窄区；其余行直接吻接。[结果]所有病例均获得满意疗效，无术肌腱粘连和断离的发生。[结论]本方法修复肌腱获得了较好的效果，值得选用。     

应用(足母) 长屈肌腱加用跖肌腱加固重建陈旧性跟腱断裂

1999年6月-2004年3月采用长屈肌腱(FHL)加用跖肌腱加固治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂13例,现报告如下。1临床资料本组13例,男10例,女3例;年龄23~57岁,平均37·4岁;左侧8例,右侧5例;病程28~147d,平均78d。致伤原因:运动伤11例,切割伤2例。4例经手术修复后再断裂。伤后未处理1例。临床表现:13例均主诉踝跖屈提踵无力,其中8例足跟痛,跛行。体检:跟腱断裂处凹陷,Thompsom试验9例阳性,3例可疑,1例阴性。对可疑者行MRI检查。2手术方法手术采用硬膜外麻醉,俯卧,在气压止血带下进行。沿跟腱内侧S形切口,显露跟腱断端及跖肌腱。术中见残端均为瘢痕组织,充…     

应用(足母)长屈肌腱加用跖肌腱加固重建陈旧性跟腱断裂

1999年6月-2004年3月采用（足母）长屈肌腱（FHL）加用跖肌腱加固治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂13例,现报告如下。     

Two-stage reconstruction for flexor tendon injuries in zone II using a silicone rod and pedicled sublimis tendon graft

We report the results of staged flexor tendon reconstruction in 12 patients (12 fingers) with neglected or failed primary repair of flexor tendon injuries in zone II. Injuries involved both flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor digitorum sublimis (FDS), with poor prognosis (Boyes grades II–IV). The procedure included placing a silicone rod and creating a loop between the FDP and FDS in the first stage and reflecting the latter as a pedicled graft through the pseudosheath created around the silicone rod in the second stage. At a mean follow-up of 18 months (range 12–30 months), results were assessed by clinical examination and questionnaire. The mean total active motion of these fingers was 188°. The mean power grip was 80.0% and pinch grip was 76% of the contralateral hand. The rate of excellent and good results was 75% according to the Buck-Gramcko scale. These results were better than the subjective scores given by the patients. Complications included postoperative hematoma in two, infection in one, silicone synovitis in one (after stage I) and three flexion contractures after stage II. This study confirmed the usefulness of two-stage flexor tendon reconstruction using the combined technique as a salvage procedure to restore flexor tendon function with a few complications.     

吻合口无结Kessler缝合法修复指屈肌腱的疗效观察

目的通过与传统Kessler缝合法比较,分析吻合口无结Kessler缝合法修复指屈肌腱的疗效及优势。方法回顾分析2005年2月-2010年2月采用吻合口无结Kessler缝合法治疗的122例163指243根指屈肌腱断裂患者临床资料(试验组),术中一期显微缝合指屈肌腱,修复腱外膜、腱鞘及腱周组织,应用透明质酸钠充填治疗。并与2001年2月-2005年2月采用传统Kessler缝合法治疗的96例130指186根指屈肌腱断裂患者(对照组)临床资料进行比较。两组患者性别、年龄、损伤原因、损伤部位、病程等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。术后3周内采用Kleinert橡皮筋牵引疗法(动态支具保护),并于24 h后开始手指功能锻炼。结果术后试验组2例、对照组5例切口发生感染,经换药后2周愈合;其余患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间6～14个月,平均9个月。术后6个月手指功能采用主动活动度(total active movement,TAM)法评定,试验组TAM为(192.0±13.1)°;其中获优54例,良58例,中8例,差2例,优良率为92%。对照组TAM为(170.0±15.2)°;其中获优23例,良30例,中22例,差21例,优良率为55%。两组TAM比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论吻合口无结Kessler缝合法治疗指屈肌腱断裂,辅以腱外膜、腱鞘及腱周组织修复后,手指功能恢复优于传统Kessler缝合法,但远期疗效仍需进一步观察。     

Biomechanical analysis of knotless flexor tendon repair using large-diameter unidirection barbed suture

Purpose

In traditional flexor tendon repairs, suture knots can be sites of weakness, impair tendon healing, stimulate an inflammatory response, and increase the bulk of the tendon repair. Because of this, there has been an increased interest in knotless flexor tendon repair using barbed suture. Since knots are not required, it may be possible to increase the strength of the tendon repair by using a large-diameter barbed suture. The purpose of this study was to biomechanically compare a traditional four-strand tendon repair using 3-0 braided polyester with a similar knotless four-strand tendon repair using 0 unidirectional barbed suture.

Methods

Twenty-two matched cadaveric flexor digitorum profundus tendons were lacerated and assigned to repair by a four-strand modified Kirchmayr–Kessler technique using 3-0 braided polyester (n = 11) or knotless four-strand modified Kirchmayr–Kessler repair using 0 unidirectional barbed suture (n = 11). Repaired tendons were linearly distracted to failure at 20 mm/min after 1 N preload. Maximum load and load at 2-mm gap formation were recorded. Maximum load and load at 2-mm gap formation were compared with the Student’s t test, and p values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

The mean maximum load of the barbed, knotless suture repair was higher than that of the traditional repair (52 vs. 42 N). There was no difference between the two groups in the mean load required to produce a 2-mm gap.

Conclusions

The four-strand knotless tendon repairs using a large-diameter unidirectional barbed suture were stronger than the traditional four-strand repairs using 3-0 braided polyester, and had similar 2-mm gap resistance.     

腱皮缝合术治疗闭合性伸指肌腱Ⅰ区断裂伤

伸指肌腱Ⅰ区的闭合性损伤，是指由中央束在中节指骨基底部的止点开始至侧束的止点区域的损伤，多由戳伤所致。如发生断裂，手指末节立即发生掌屈而不能主动伸直，则产生锤状指畸形。对于新鲜的闭合损伤大多可采用过伸固定的非手术治疗，而对于陈旧性损伤应手术治疗。自1994年1月～2003年1月，采用腱皮缝合术治疗闭合性伸指肌腱Ⅰ区断裂损伤62例，疗效满意，报告如下。     

Factors that influence the outcome of zone I and zone II flexor tendon repairs in children

PURPOSE: To evaluate the factors that influenced the clinical results of zone I and II flexor tendon repairs in children at a single institution. METHODS: Forty-one fingers (35 patients) in patients ages 2 to 14 years with zone I or II flexor tendon injuries were identified. There was a zone I tendon injury in 16 fingers and a zone II tendon injury in 25 fingers. Concomitant injuries to the digital nerves were seen in 18 fingers. Primary repair was performed within 1 week in 35 fingers and delayed repair (2-9 wk) was performed in 6 fingers. After surgery 22 fingers (21 patients) were treated with early controlled mobilization and 19 fingers (14 patients) were treated with plaster immobilization. RESULTS: All patients were available for evaluation at a mean follow-up period of 42 months. Patients were subdivided into 2 age groups: (1) 0 to 7 years and (2) 8 to 15 years. Digital performance was evaluated by determining the percentage return of normal finger function according to a total active motion formula. Functional evaluation of all digits in both groups showed excellent or good results. Zone I repairs had better results than zone II repairs and isolated tendon repairs had better results than those with associated nerve repairs. The age of the patients nor postoperative protocol did not influence the final digital motion. CONCLUSIONS: A good outcome can be expected after repair of zone I or II flexor tendon injuries in children. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic III.     

处方量化锻炼在指屈肌腱断裂术后功能康复中的应用

目的制定指屈肌腱断裂伤主动锻炼的要素和流程,以提高疗效。方法归纳出主动锻练运动剂量的3个要素：肌肉收缩力量、次数、每次肌肉收缩的持续时间;每天的运动量在不同时刻分组实施。本组53例食指指屈肌腱Ⅱ区切割断裂伤患者,手术修复后的45天内,将肌腱愈合过程分为四个阶段,对应给予四个运动处方指导锻炼。全过程好似用量化的运动之“药”治疗肌腱粘连之“病”,故称之“处方锻炼法”。结果患者在3min内可学会当天的锻炼内容并自主实施。术后45天,PIP关节活动度〉15。者31例：PIP关节活动度〉50者20例;1例由于疼痛综合征,无PIP关节活动度;1例由于瘢痕体质．无PIP关节活动度。结论主动锻炼可以量化控制。处方锻练法在指屈肌腱断裂伤早期康复中有良好疗效。     

Modified Brunelli pull-out technique in flexor tendon repair for zone II: a study on 58 cases

Background  

The reconstruction of the continuity of flexor tendons disruptions in zone II still remains one of the most challenging problems in hand surgery. The ideal repair has to provide sufficient strength and the possibility of early mobilization in the attempt to obtain a functional range of motion. One of the methods which appears to respond to these requests is the pull-out technique described by Brunelli, which moves the tension from the level of the tendon disruption to the finger pulp over the tendon insertion.