Twist、E-cadherin在胆管细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨转录因子Twist及皮黏附分子E-cadherin在人肝内外胆管细胞癌、癌旁和正常胆管中的表达及其意义.方法:收集2008-01/2009-03华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院肝胆外科和胰腺外科中心手术切除的胆管细胞癌患者49例,其中肝内胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC)29例.肝外胆管细胞癌(extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ECC)20例:另取24例癌旁组织(ICC与ECC各12例)、20例正常的胆管组织作为对照.免疫组织化学法检测Twist及E-cadherin的表达,分析其临床病理意义.结果:Twist蛋白在ICC及ECC中表达明显强于癌旁组织或正常胆管(79.31%,80.0%vs20.83%,1 5.0%,均P<0.05):E-cadherin在ICC及ECC中表达明显弱于癌旁组织或正常胆管组织(44.83%,40.0%vs 95.24%,100%,均P<0.05),组间表达差异有显著性:Twist和E-cadherin在胆管细胞癌中表达呈高度负相关(r=0.67,P<0.01);Twist蛋白表达水平与年龄、性别及组织病理分级无关(P>0.05).而与CA19-9水平、肿瘤浸润及淋巴结转移有关(P<0.01).结论:Twist与E-cadherin的异常表达与胆管细胞癌的发生发展相关;Twist可能参与了胆管细胞癌浸润转移的过程.     

182例肝内胆管细胞癌临床病理分析

肝内胆管癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC)是起源于肝内二级胆管以下的胆管细胞恶性肿瘤,较为少见,在病因、临床表现、治疗方法和预后方面均与肝细胞癌及肝外胆管细胞癌等有较大差异.现回顾性分析我院182例ICC患者的临床资料,探讨其病因和临床特点.     

周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的影像学诊断

周围型肝内胆管细胞癌(peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,PICC)是指发生在包括Ⅱ级胆管在内的末梢侧肝内小胆管上皮的细胞癌,又叫末梢型/边缘型肝内胆管癌.     

超声内镜诊断肿块型肝内胆管细胞癌1例

<正>肝内胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, ICC)又称肝内胆管癌,是起源于肝内2级胆管及其分支上皮的恶性肿瘤,好发于肝左叶,占胆管细胞癌的20%～25%[1],是发病率居第2的肝脏原发恶性肿瘤,近年发病率呈上升趋势,早期缺乏特异的临床症状、血清学检查和早期筛查的分子标志物,诊断较困难。超声内镜(endoscopic ultrasonography, EUS)以及衍生技术在“早期”及“精准”的道路上上不断改革更新,已有国内外文献报道其在诊断及鉴别诊断肝脏疾病上有明显效果。在此,     

《2016年欧洲胆管癌研究网络共识:胆管细胞癌研究现状及前景展望》摘译

胆管细胞癌(eholangiocarcinoma,CCA)是一种异质性强的恶性肿瘤,其发生位置遍布于毛细胆管到胆总管,可起源于胆道系统的任何部位.根据解剖部位,胆管癌可分为肝内胆管癌(iCCA)、肝门部胆管癌(pCCA)、远端胆管癌(dCCA),它们有特殊的相似之处,但也有肿瘤间和肿瘤内部的差异,这些差异会影响肿瘤的病理机制和预后.总体来看,CCA是原发性肝癌中发病率占据第二的肿瘤,占所有消化系肿瘤约3％.     

细胆管癌的临床病理特征

细胆管癌(cholangiolocellular carcinoma, CLC)由于其特殊的细胞起源,具有肝细胞癌和胆管细胞癌的双重临床病理和影像学特点,由于惰性生长的特点、预后相对较好,其生长特点和临床特征明显有别于传统的肝内胆管癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC),是一种特殊类型的原发性肝脏恶性肿瘤.在细胞起源、临床病理特征、生长特点和预后等方面与传统意义的ICC是两种截然不同的疾病,但国内外有关ICC的研究中往往将两者混为一谈,没有明确的区分.本文就CLC临床病理特征进行综述,以期引发大家对这一问题的重视,并加强相关的研究.     

经皮肝穿刺胆道引流/胆道支架植入术治疗肝外胆管癌合并梗阻性黄疸的研究进展

肝外胆管癌(extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, ECC)是起源于肝外胆管包括肝门区至胆总管下端胆管的恶性肿瘤,确诊时胆道受侵犯压迫常合并出现梗阻性黄疸,患者多处于中晚期而丧失根治性切除机会.随着介入技术及医学材料的发展,经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术(percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage, PTCD)或胆道支架植入术(percutaneous transhepatic biliary stent,PTBS)已成为解除胆道梗阻的主要治疗方法.然而,术后并发症的发生严重影响患者的预后,目前发现胆道支架联合局部治疗可显著延长胆道通畅时间.本文综述关于PTCD/PTBS治疗肝外胆管癌合并梗阻性黄疸的进展,评价其临床疗效,并指出目前存在的问题及处理方法,为后续相关研究提供更多参考.     

从肿瘤异质性看肝内胆管癌的细胞起源

肝内胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC)约占肝脏原发肿瘤的5%-15%,仅次于肝细胞肝癌,其发病率逐年上升.由于ICC发病因素、地域分布、临床表现、生物学特性等存在明显的异质性,且缺乏有效治疗手段,预后极差.长久以来,人们一直认为ICC来源于胆管二级及以上分支的上皮细胞.伴随分子生物学技术的发展,人们对ICC的认识正在发生质的变化.现阶段发现ICC的细胞起源呈多元化,包括肝细胞、发育异常或未成熟的胆管上皮细胞,多能干细胞(肝干/前体细胞)或管周腺体细胞.因此,我们推断ICC的异质性可能与不同的细胞起源有关.     

《2014年美国肝胆胰学会共识声明:肝内胆管癌管理》摘译

<正>本文介绍了2014年美国肝胆胰学会(American HepatoPancreato-Biliary Association,AHPBA)的肝内胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC)诊治的专家共识,内容覆盖了其诊断、分期、外科治疗、辅助治疗等多方面内容,可为临床实践提供依据。1 ICC的诊断与分期1.1临床表现ICC患者早期多无临床表现,进展阶段可出     

趋化因子在肝癌中的作用

<正>原发性肝癌(primary hepatocellular carcinoma,PHC)主要包括肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)、肝内胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ICC)和肝细胞癌-肝内胆管细胞癌混合型等不同病理类型,其发病机制、生物学行为、组织学形态、临床表现、治疗方法以及预后等方面均有明显的不同[1];由于其中HCC占到90%以上,故本文所指的"肝癌"主     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.