LC-ESI-MS/MS同时检测人血浆氯沙坦和E3174的浓度及其在药代动力学研究中的应用

目的：建立LC-ESI-MS/MS法测定服药后人体血浆氯沙坦及E3174的浓度。方法：MI-CROMASS Quattro Micro API型液质联用仪,色谱柱为Inertsil ODS-3C18柱（2.1mm×150mm,5μm,Ja-pan）,流动相为0.1%甲酸-乙腈（3070,V/V）,流速为0.2mL/min,进样体积为5μL,柱温为40℃,样品室温度为15℃。结果：氯沙坦线性范围为2.2~1085.0ng/mL,E3174线性范围为2~1000.0ng/mL,氯沙坦及E3174最低检测限低于0.5ng/mL,方法灵敏、稳定、特异性高,并成功地应用到人体氯沙坦及E3174药代动力学研究。结论：该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可以准确定量服药后人体血浆氯沙坦及E3174的浓度。     

LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中的利福布丁

目的用LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中利福布丁的浓度。方法以替米沙坦为内标,加入0.2 mL血浆,用1 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,高速离心后上清液氮气吹干并用流动相复溶,取20μL进样检测。结果利福布丁的最低检测限为0.5 ng.mL-1,在0.3～9.6μg.mL-1内线性良好,低、中、高浓度的提取回收率均大于85%,批内、批间RSD低于10%,成功检测了大鼠血浆中利福布丁的血药浓度。结论所用方法灵敏度好、准确度高、分析时间短、样品处理更简便,适用于测定利福布丁的血药浓度。     

LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of icariin and its major metabolites in rat plasma

A rapid and sensitive method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitative determination of icariin and its two major metabolites, icariside I and icariside II in rat plasma. The analytes were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate after internal standard (daidzein) spiked. The separation was performed by a ZORBAX SB-C(18) column (3.5 microm, 2.1 mm x 100 mm) and a C(18) guard column (5 microm, 4.0 mm x 2.0mm) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (50:50:0.05, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The Agilent G6410A triple quadrupole LC-MS system was operated under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using the electrospray ionization technique in positive mode. The nominal retention times for icariin, icariside I, icariside II and daidzein were 1.21, 1.88, 2.34 and 1.35 min, respectively. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) of icariin, icariside I and icariside II of the method were 1.0, 0.5 and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. The method was linear for icariin and its metabolites with correlation coefficients >0.995 for all analytes. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision of the assay were less than 12.5%. This method has been applied successfully to a pharmacokinetic study involving the intragastric administration of icariin to rats.     

液相质谱串联法同时测定舒尼替尼及其活性代谢产物SU12662在BABL/c裸鼠血浆中的浓度及其药物动力学研究(英文)

本研究建立并验证了一种灵敏、快速、简单的液质联用方法,用于同时测定BABL/c裸鼠血浆中舒尼替尼及其活性代谢产物SU12662的药物浓度。血浆样品采用蛋白沉淀方法处理,并使用帕唑帕尼作为内标。采用C18反相柱进行分离,流动相为10 mM甲酸胺–乙腈(65:35,v/v,pH 3.25),流速0.5 m L/min。所有化合物均采用电喷雾电离源,正离子方式检测。舒尼替尼及SU12662的最低定量下限均为0.5 ng/m L,线性范围均为0.5–1000 ng/m L(r>0.99)。该方法对舒尼替尼及SU12662的测定均具有良好准确度以及可靠的日内、日间精密度,方法稳定性良好,无明显基质效应。此方法成功用于BABL/c裸鼠口服20 mg/kg舒尼替尼的药物代谢动力学研究。     

LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中吴茱萸碱的浓度及其药代动力学研究

目的：建立用于测定吴茱萸碱血药浓度的液相色谱-串联质谱联用分析方法,并研究吴茱萸碱在大鼠体内的药代动力学。方法：6只大鼠灌胃给药吴茱萸碱100mg/kg,眼底取血,LC-MS/MS法测定血药浓度,并用DAS药代动力学程序拟合计算药代动力学参数。结果：吴茱萸碱浓度在0.2～50ng/mL内,线性关系良好（r^2=0.9997）。提取回收率96.12%～99.46%,日内、日间RSD分别为4.61%～13.51%和5.65%～11.49%。主要药代动力学参数为：Cmax=（5.3±1.5）ng/mL;tmax=（22±8）min;t1/2=（451±176）min。结论：建立的LC-MS/MS方法专属性强,灵敏度高,可用于吴茱萸碱的体内定量分析。     

LC-MS/MS method for determination of hederacolchiside E, a neuroactive saponin from Pulsatilla koreana extract in rat plasma for pharmacokinetic study

A simple, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was applied to pharmacokinetic study of a neuroactive oleanolic-glycoside saponin, hederacolchiside E from SK-PC-B70M, a standardized extract of Pulsatilla koreana in rat. Rat plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, eluted from C₁₈ column, and analyzed using electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS in negative ion mode. Digoxin was used as an internal standard. The standard curves were linear (r > 0.997) over the concentration ranges of 2–500 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions were measured to be below 9% and accuracy between 90 and 111% for all quality control samples at 2, 20, 100, and 500 ng/mL (n = 5). The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) for hederacolchiside E was 2 ng/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) 0.5 ng/mL using 20 μL of plasma sample. Subsequently, hederacolchiside E was determined in rat plasma samples after oral administration of SK-PC-B70M. The mean maximum plasma concentrations of hederacolchiside E were 0.07, 0.13, and 0.36 μg/mL and the mean areas under the plasma concentration versus time curve 0.56, 1.27, and 6.46 μg h/mL at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively, which indicated non-linear pharmacokinetic pattern. In conclusion, this method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of hederacolchiside E after an oral administration of SK-PC-B70M to rats.     

Sensitive determination of a pharmaceutical compound and its metabolites in human plasma by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with on-line solid-phase extraction

This paper describes the determination of a drug candidate and two metabolites in human plasma by column-switching LC-MS/MS after protein precipitation. Starting from a standard method with a quantitation limit of 0.5 ng/mL, a highly sensitive assay was developed, employing UHPLC separation and detection on an API 5000 mass spectrometer. The injected plasma equivalent was increased from 6 to 20 μL; conventional column trapping for compound enrichment and removal of matrix constituents was combined with high-pressure analytical separation using small particle columns to improve resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. Quantitation limits were thus lowered to between 5 and 20 pg/mL, offering the possibility to provide bioanalytical support for microdosing studies in humans. Excellent assay quality and robustness were achieved by both methods.     

LC-MS/MS 法测定人血浆中倍他米松

建立测定人血浆中倍他米松的LC-MS/MS方法。采用Venusil XBP C₈ (200 mm×3.9 mm ID, 5 μm)色谱柱，流动相为甲醇-水(含甲酸铵5 mmol·L^-1)(80∶20)，流速0.4 mL·min^-1；质谱仪离子源为电喷雾离子源(ESI)，正离子模式检测，监测离子为393.3→355.2(倍他米松)和361.3→343.2(泼尼松龙,内标)。血浆样本用乙酸乙酯处理。倍他米松在0.5~80.0 ng·mL^-1线性关系良好(r=0.999 2)， 血浆低、 中、 高3种浓度(1.0， 10.0， 60.0 ng·mL^-1)平均提取回收率为88.24%，定量限为0.5 ng·mL^-1。本方法操作简便、准确、灵敏，适用于复方倍他米松注射液人体药代动力学研究。     

Rapid and simultaneous measurement of midazolam, 1'-hydroxymidazolam and digoxin by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: application to an in vivo study to simultaneously measure P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A activity

In order to simultaneously determine in vivo P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) activity, a new, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and fully validated to simultaneously determine midazolam (MDZ, as CYP3A substrate), 1'-hydroxymidazolam (1'-OHMDZ) and digoxin (DG, as P-gp substrate) in rat plasma using digitoxin as the internal standard (IS). After a single step liquid-liquid extraction with tert-butyl methyl ether/dichloromethane (75:25, v/v), analytes were subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis using positive electro-spray ionization (ESI(+)) under selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM). Chromatographic separation was performed on an XTerra MS C18 column (50mm×2.1mm, i.d. 3.5μm). The MS/MS detection was conducted by monitoring the fragmentation of 326.05 → 244.00 (m/z) for MDZ, 342.02 →168.01 (m/z) for 1'-OHMDZ, 798.33 → 651.36(m/z) for DG and 782.67 → 635.24 (m/z) for IS. The method had a chromatographic running time of 3min and linear calibration curves over the concentrations of 2-400ng/mL for MDZ and 1'-OHMDZ and 0.5-100ng/mL for DG. The recoveries of the method were 86.8-96.3% for MDZ, 84.6-86.4% for 1'-OH MDZ, and 81.7-85.1% for DG. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the method was 2ng/mL for MDZ and 1'-OHMDZ and 0.5ng/mL for DG. The intra- and inter-batch precision were less than 15% for all quality control samples at concentrations of 5, 50 and 320ng/mL for MDZ and 1'-OHMDZ and 1, 10 and 80ng/mL for DG. The validated LC-MS/MS method has been successfully used to analyze the concentrations of MDZ, 1'-OH MDZ and DG in rat plasma for simultaneous measurement of in vivo P-gp and CYP 3A activity.     

依那普利在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的通过LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中依那普利活性代谢产物依那普利拉浓度,研究依那普利在大鼠体内的药动学。方法 Wistar大鼠ig依那普利15 mg/kg,采用固相萃取法对大鼠血浆样品预处理,洗脱液为甲醇、水。色谱与质谱条件为Diamond C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈–5 mmol/L乙酸铵(45∶55);体积流量:0.5 mL/min;柱温:30℃;进样量:5μL。采用ESI(+)离子源;干燥气(N_2)体积流量11.0 L/min,压力275.8 k Pa,温度350℃;毛细管电压3 500 V;多级反应监测(MRM)模式,正离子模式;EMV为400 e V。结果血浆中内源性物质对测定无干扰,依那普利拉的线性范围为20~1 500 ng/mL,最低定量限为20 ng/mL。准确度和精密度良好。血浆样本中依那普利拉的提取回收率大于85%,且无浓度相关性。经2次冻融以及冷冻14 d稳定良好。大鼠体内依那普利拉的主要药动学参数:AUC_(0-t)为(8015±297.7)ng/mL·h,C_(max)为(1 405±269.10)ng/mL,t_(max)为(2.45±0.19)h,t_(1/2)为(4.82±0.32)h,Clz/F为(2.18±0.10)L/kg·h,Vz/F为(12.63±1.31)L/kg。结论本方法专属性强、灵敏度高、准确性好。通过测定代谢产物依那普利拉经时血药浓度,可以考察依那普利的药动学特征。     

Simultaneous determination of lansoprazole and its metabolites 5'-hydroxy lansoprazole and lansoprazole sulphone in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: application to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers

A highly sensitive and specific liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of lansoprazole and its metabolites 5'-hydroxy lansoprazole and lansoprazole sulphone. The detection was operated with multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM) using the electrospray ionization technique. The assay procedure involved precipitation of plasma samples with acetonitrile after indapamide was added as internal standard (IS). The chromatographic separation was achieved with a mixture of methanol-0.2% ammonium acetate and 0.1% methanoic acid in water (75:25, v/v) as mobile phase on an Inertsil ODS-3 column. The method was proved to be accurate and precise with linearity ranges of 10-4,000 ng/ml, 5.0-400 ng/ml, and 1.0-400 ng/ml for lansoprazole, 5'-hydroxy lansoprazole and lansoprazole sulphone, respectively, with the correlation coefficients (r) better than 0.999. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) were 2.0 ng/ml, 2.0 ng/ml, and 0.5 ng/ml for lansoprazole, 5'-hydroxy lansoprazole and lansoprazole sulphone, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy values were found to be within the assay variability limits (R.S.D.% within +/-15) in accordance with FDA guidelines. The validated LC-MS/MS method has been successfully applied for the determination of lansoprazole and its metabolites in human plasma.     

Reversal effect of a macrocyclic bisbibenzyl plagiochin E on multidrug resistance in adriamycin-resistant K562/A02 cells

Plagiochin E is a new macrocyclic bisbibenzyl compound isolated from Marchantia polymorpha. In the previous studies, we reported that when combined with fluconazole, plagiochin E had synergetic effects against the resistant strain of Candida albicans. Herein, we examined the reversal effect of plagiochin E on multidrug resistance in adriamycin-induced resistant K562/A02 cells and the parental K562 cells. Its cytotoxicity and reversal effects on multidrug resistance were assessed by MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay. Apoptosis percentage of cells was obtained from Annexin V/fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propridium iodide (PI) double-staining. The effects of plagiochin E on P-glycoprotein activity were evaluated by measuring rhodamine 123 (Rh123)-associated mean fluorescence intensity and P-glycoprotein expression on the basis of the flow cytometric technology, respectively. The results showed that plagiochin E ranging from 2 to 12 mug/ml had little cytotoxicity against K562/A02 cells. When combined with adriamycin, it significantly promoted the sensitivity of K562/A02 cells toward adriamycin through increasing intracellular accumulation of adriamycin in a dose-dependent manner. Further study demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of plagiochin E on P-glycoprotein activity was the major cause of increased stagnation of adriamycin inside K562/A02 cells, indicating that plagiochin E, as a new class of mutidrug resistance inhibitor, may effectively reverse the multidrug resistance in K562/A02 cells via inhibiting expression and drug-transport function of P-glycoprotein.     

Development of chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry isotope dilution methods for the determination of unconjugated and total S-equol in human plasma and urine

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for the determination of unconjugated and total (conjugated plus unconjugated) S-equol in human plasma and urine were developed and validated. The separation of R and S enantiomers was achieved with a Chiracel OJ-H column operated in a normal phase mode using ethanol/hexane mobile phase components. Ionization of S-equol by negative ion electrospray generated the [M-H](-) ion whose response was augmented by post-column addition of ammonium hydroxide. A triple stage quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to measure the ion current generated from the dissociative transitions m/z 241→m/z 121 (S-equol) and m/z 245→m/z 123 (equol-d(4)). The determination of total S-equol included an additional deconjugation step involving incubation of the sample with sulfatase and glucuronidase. Average recovery for both unconjugated and total S-equol was 85% with no observable matrix effects. Linearity was established for unconjugated S-equol from 0.025ng/mL to 10ng/mL (plasma) and 0.20ng/mL to 200ng/mL (urine). The average coefficient of variation and accuracy per occasion was within ±15% of the theoretical concentration of S-equol. The method was used to measure the pharmacokinetics of S-equol in human plasma after an oral administration of a single 20mg dose of S-equol to three normal healthy volunteers.     

LC-MS/MS测定大鼠血浆中虎杖苷浓度

目的 建立测定大鼠血浆中虎杖苷浓度的LC-MS/MS方法。 方法 采用LC-MS/MS测定大鼠血浆中虎杖苷的浓度,以二苯乙烯苷为内标,血浆样品用乙腈沉淀蛋白,色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax SB-C₁₈ (100 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm),流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液(18∶15∶67),流速0.3 ml/min,柱温30 ℃。 结果 虎杖苷的线性范围为1.0~5 000.0 ng/ml (r=0.998 4),最低定量检测浓度为1.0     

LC-MS/MS快速测定人血浆中氯沙坦浓度及其生物等效性研究

目的建立人血浆中氯沙坦LC-MS/MS测定方法,计算氯沙坦人体药动学参数并评价两制剂生物等效性。方法采用单剂量双周期交叉试验设计,完成试验的23例受试者空腹口服受试或参比制剂氯沙坦钾片100 mg后,用甲醇一步沉淀血浆蛋白,并用LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中氯沙坦浓度。用DAS 3.2.3软件计算氯沙坦人体药动学参数,并评价两制剂生物等效性。结果服用受试和参比制剂后,血浆中氯沙坦的Cmax分别为(697.3±301.7)和(674.1±350.5)ng/m L,AUC0-12 h分别为(994±240)和(1 005±287)ng·h/m L,tmax分别为(1.23±0.38)和(1.37±0.75)h,t1/2分别为(2.04±0.28)和(2.00±0.40)h,生物利用度为102.4%±21.1%。结论建立的分析测试方法灵敏、简便、准确,受试制剂与参比制剂生物等效。     

LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中他莫昔芬与其活性代谢物4-羟基他莫昔芬的浓度及其药动学研究

目的:建立大鼠血浆中他莫昔芬与其活性代谢物4-羟基他莫昔芬浓度的测定方法,并研究其在大鼠体内的药动学。方法:取大鼠8只灌胃给予他莫昔芬10mg·kg-1,检测给药前和给药后48h内他莫昔芬和4-羟基他莫昔芬的血浆浓度,并计算其药动学参数。采用液相色谱-串联质谱法,以维拉帕米为内标,色谱柱为PhenomenexGeminiC18,流动相为甲醇-0·025%甲酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),流速为0·25mL·min-1,柱温为40℃;电喷雾正离子源,他莫昔芬、4-羟基他莫昔芬和维拉帕米的选择检测离子质荷比(m/z)分别为372·3→129·1、388·4→128·9、455·3→165·0。结果:他莫昔芬和4-羟基他莫昔芬检测浓度的线性范围分别为1～500(r=0·9998)、0·5～50(r=0·9995)ng·mL-1,最低检测限分别为0·05、0·1ng·mL-1;药动学参数分别为t1/2β:(8·9±0·5)、(8·6±0·7)h,cmax:(112·2±39·2)、(31·1±5·6)ng·mL-1,AUC0～48h:(1501·1±213·8)、(431·2±31·8)ng·h·mL-1。结论:本方法专属性强、灵敏度高、准确性好,可用于他莫昔芬和4-羟基他莫昔芬的血药浓度测定。他莫昔芬和4-羟基他莫昔芬在大鼠体内的药动学符合一室模型特征。     

Determination of fexofenadine in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application in pharmacokinetic study

This study presented a simple, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography analytical method employing tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine fexofenadine in human plasma. After the de-proteination procedure with acetonitrile, chromatographic separation of fexofenadine was performed using a reversed-phase Eclipse XDB-C₈ column with a mobile phase consisted of 1 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer solution containing 0.2% formic acid-methanol (45:55, v/v). Fexofenadine was quantified using tandem mass detection in the electrospray ionization (ESI) positive ion mode. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1 mL/min, and the retention times of fexofenadine and the internal standard (IS, losartan) were 1.76 min and 2.65 min, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the plasma concentration range of 1-1000 ng/mL. The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-batches were less than 10.4% and 15.4%, respectively. The LC-MS/MS method reported in this study showed higher sensitivity for the quantification of fexofenadine in human plasma than that shown by previously described analytical methods. Lastly, the method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic of fexofenadine in healthy Taiwan volunteers.     

Quantitative assay for bradykinin in rat plasma by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

An assay to quantify bradykinin in rat plasma has been developed and validated, using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sar-D-Phe(8)-des-Arg(9)-bradykinin was used as internal standard. Aprotinin was added to rat plasma to inhibit the activity of proteinases. Recoveries for solid-phase extraction (SPE) on Strata X reversed phase were greater than 80%. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray source (ESI), operating in the positive ion-mode, was used for detection. The assay was validated and stability was explored. Bradykinin (10-500 ng/mL) was quantified with accuracy values (% RE) below 10% and intra- and inter-day precisions (% RSD) below 12 and 16%, respectively, for all concentrations. The method was successfully applied to several plasma samples from low levels kallikrein rats (LKRs) compared with normal kallikrein rats (NKRs).     

氯吡格雷活性代谢物在人体内的血药浓度测定

目的：采用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）建立人血浆中氯吡格雷活性代谢产物浓度测定的方法。方法：血浆经冷冻干燥处理,以Accucore C₁₈为色谱柱;乙腈（含0.01%甲酸）-水（含0.01%甲酸）为流动相,流速0.4 mL·min^-1,柱温30 ℃,进样量2 μL;通过正离子模式多反应监测扫描分析,离子通道分别为氯吡格雷活性代谢产物衍生物（CAMD）m/z 504.2→155.1,内标氯雷他定m/z 382.8→336.9。结果：血浆中氯吡格雷活性代谢产物衍生物在0.5~500 ng·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好;最低检测限为0.5 ng·mL^-1;提取回收率为83.81%~97.65%;日内和日间精密度的RSD均小于9.86%。结论：本方法准确可靠,简便快速且灵敏度高,适用于人血浆中氯吡格雷活性代谢物的测定,可进一步用于研究氯吡格雷活性代谢产物的药代动力学特征。     

Validation of rapid and simple LC-MS/MS method for determination of voriconazole in rat plasma

A rapid, simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of voriconazole (VRC) in rat plasma, using ketoconazole as internal standard (IS). Analysis was performed on a Shimadzu HPLC system using a Shimadzu C18 column and isocratic elution with acetonitrile-water-formic acid (60:40:0.05, v/v/v), at a flow of 1.0 mL/min (split ratio 1:5), and a mass spectrometer Micromass, equipped with a double quadrupole and an electrospray ionization interface, operated in a positive mode. Plasma samples were deproteinized with methanol (1:2) and 30 microL of the supernatant was injected into the system. The retention times of VRC and IS were approximately 3.3 and 2.7 min, respectively. Calibration curves in spiked plasma were linear over the concentration range of 50-2500 ng/mL with determination coefficient >0.98. The lower limit of quantification was 50 ng/mL. The accuracy of the method was within 5%. Intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were less or equal to 12.5 and 7.7%, respectively. The applicability of the LC-MS-MS method for pharmacokinetic studies was tested using plasma samples obtained after intravenous administration of VRC to male Wistar rats. The reported method provided the necessary sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and specificity to allow the determination of VRC in pre-clinical pharmacokinetic studies.